EXCHANGE 


. 


STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 

MILITARY  TRAINING  COMMISSION 

BUREAU  OF   VOCATIONAL  TRAINING 


OUR    BOYS 

A  study  of  the  245,000  sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen 
year  old  employed  boys  of  the  State  of  New  York 


HOWARD  G.  BURDGE 


SUBMITTED 

IN     PARTIAL    FULFILLMENT    OF    THE    REQUIREMENTS 
FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF  DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY 
IN    THE    FACULTY    OF    PHILOSOPHY 
COLUMBIA   UNIVERSITY 


Commissioners 

Major-General  JOHN  F.  O'RYAN,  Chairman 

GEORGE  J.  FISHER,  M.  D. 

JOHN  H.  FINLEY 


Secretary 
THOMAS  G.  STOWELL 


ALBANY 

J.  B.  LYON  COMPANY,  PRINTERS 
1921 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 


Acknowledgment    3 

Introductory    Chapter  —  "  Our    Boys  " 5 

Chapter             I     Making  the  Survey    <) 

Its   Purpose 

Enrolling  the  boys 

Method  of  Making  Random  (Samplings  of  Data 

Xote  on  the  Reliability  of  Prediction  based  on  Random 
Samplings 

Personal  interviews  with  over  ten  thousand  boys 

II     Enrollment    Statistics 33 

III  Nationality-    38 

IV  Guardianship-    ;  49 

V     Size    of    Families 50 

VI     Persistence   in    School 04 

VII     Age    Leaving    School 74 

VIII     Last   Grades   Completed 87 

IX     Reasons  for  Leaving  School 115 

X     Kind  of  School  Last  Attended 124 

XI     Kind  of  Shop.  Work  Done  in  School 128 

XII     Best  and  Least  Liked  Studies 133 

XIII  Money  Earned  While  in  School 170 

XIV  Night    School    Enrollment 181 

XV     Beginning  Weekly   Wage .  . '. 187 

XVI     Present   Weekly    WTage 190 

XVII     How  They  Obtained  Employment 194 

XVIII     Number  of  Jobs  Held 197 

XIX     The  Length  of  Time  on  the  Present  Job 200 

XX     Why  Boys  Liked  Their  Jobs 202 

XXI     Lack  of.  Care  Used  in  Hiring  Boys 206 

XXII     How  They  Saved  Their  Money 210 

XXIII  Contributions  Toward  Family  Support 215 

XXIV  Occupations    217 

Mothers'  Occupations 
Fathers'  Occupations 
Boys'  Occupations 
Boys'  Desired  Occupations 

[Hi] 


5744 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Chapter     XXV     Findings   and    Conclusions 238 

Appendix 243 

Code  used  in  Punching  Hollerith  Cards 244 

Detail  tables  for   individual  cities,    villages  and  other 
groups  used  in  connection  with 

Chapter  I     Tables  1A  to  1C     253 

II     Tables  2A  to  2C  and    2E  to  2(J 2. "if. 

III  Tables  3A  to  3€     25<» 

IV  Tables  4A  to  4C     261 

V     Tables  5A  to  5C,    5E    to    51    and    5M 

to   50    2(>3 

-  VI     Tables  6A  to  CC     269 

VII     Tables  7A  to  7N     271 

VIII     Tables  SC  to  SE,    8L    to    SZ,    8AA    to 

8GG  and  SMM  to  8XX 276 

IX     Tables  9A  to  9C     2!>:; 

X     Tables  10A  to  IOC    295 

XI     Tables  11A  to  11C 297 

XII     Tables  12F  to  12M  and    12T  to   12ZZ.  299 

XIII  Tables  13A  to  13C     305 

XIV  Tables  14B  to  14D     307 

XV     Tables  15A  to  15C     309 

XVI     Tables  16A  to  16C .  311 

XVII     Tables  17A  to  17C     313 

XVIII     Tables  18A  to  18C     315 

XIX     Tables  IDA  to  19C     317 

XX     Tables  20A  to  20C 319 

XXI     Tables  21 A  to  21C 32 1 

XXII     Tables  22A  to  22C     323 

XXIII  Tables  23A  to  23C     325 

XXIV  Tables    24    to    2  IK  ,  .  327 


LIST  OF  DIAGRAMS  AND  CHARTS 

PAGE 

ENROLLMENT 

Diagram  A.     Comparative  enrollment  by  groups 35 

Diagram  B.     Percent  of  all  boys  of  each  age  group  in  and  out  of  school         30 

Diagram  C.     Boys  of  each  age  in  school 36 

Diagram  D.     Boys  in  and  out  of  school 37 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  POPULATION 

Diagram  E.     Percent    orf    population    living    in    urban    and    rural 

communities ;>7 

NATIONALITIES 

Diagram  F.     Proportion  of  American  and  foreign  born  boys 38 

Diagram  G.     Proportion  of  American  and  foreign  born  parents 38 

Diagram  II.     Boys  of  American,  mixed  and  foreign  parents 38 

Chart  3        American   and   foreign  birth.     State  summary  and   cities 

over   25,000 40 

Chart  3A     Same  for  cities   under   25.000 41 

Chart  3B     Same  for  villages  over  5,000 42 

Chart  3C     Parents  of  American  and  foreign  birth.     State  summary.  .         4.'5 

Chart  3D    Same  for  cities    over    25,000 44 

Chart  3E    'Same  for  cities   under    25,000 47 

Chart  3F     Same  for  villages  over  5,000 48 

GUARDIANSHIP 

Diagram  I,     Four  boys  out  of  five  claim  fathers  as  guardians 49 

Chart  4        Boys    naming    father,   mother    and    others    as    guardians. 

State  summary  and  cities  over  25.000 52 

Chart  4A     Same  for  cities  under  25,000 53 

Chart  4B     Same  for  village  over  5,000 54 

FAMILIES 

Chart  5        Oldest,  second,  third,  fourth  oldest,  etc.,  boys  coming  from 

families  of  from  two  to  eight  children 01 

Chart  5A     Boys  coming  from  families  of  from  one  to  ten   or   more 

children.      State    summary 02 

Chart  5B     Families     of     American,     mixed     and     foreign     parentage 

groups.     Greater  New  York  and  cities  over  25,000 (13 

PERSISTENCE   IN  SCHOOL 

Chart  6        Persistence  in  school.     Cities  over  25,000 Co 

Chart  6D     State  summary    OS 

Chart  OA     Same  for  cities  under  25,000 70 

(hart   (>!}     Same  for  villages  over  5;000 71 

Chart  OC     Percent  of  American  and  foreign  boys  in  and  out  of  school .         72 
AGE   LEAVING  SCHOOL 

Chart  7        Percent  of  various  groups  leaving  school  at  each  age 82 

Chart  7A     Percent   of    lm*s    of    various    nationality    groups    leaving 

school   at  each   age S3 

Chart  7B     Percent   of   boys    of   various   groups    who   dropped   out   of 

school   under  each   age 84 

[v] 


VI 


LlST    OF    I  >JA(iK. \.\IS    AM)    ('JIAKTS 


PAGE 

Chart  7C     Above   continued    85 

Chart  7D     Above  continued    8(5 

LAST   GRADES    COMPLETED 

Chart  8C  Percent  completing  each  grade,  percent  dropping  out,  and 
total  percent  who  had  dropped  out  by  the  end  of  each 

grade     ]  04 

Chart  SD     Last    grade    completed    and    age    leaving    school.      Stale 

summary    10.~> 

Chart  8E     Same  for  Greater  New  York  parentage  groups 100 

Chart  SF     Same  for  cities  over  25,000  parentage  groups 107 

Chart  SG  Percent  of  oldest,  second  oldest,  etc.,  boys  of  different 
parentage  groups  dropping  out  of  school  at  the  end  of 
each  grade  and  total  percent  completing  each  grade. 

Greater    Xew   York 110 

Chart.  811     Same  for  cities  over  25,000 Ill 

Chart  81  Percent  of  oldest,  second  oldest,  etc.,  boys  of  different 
parentage  groups  dropping  out  of  school  at  end  of  each 
grade  and  total  percent  who  had  dropped  out  at  end  of 

each  grade.     Greater  New  York 112 

Chart  8J      Same  for  cities  over  25,000 i  ]  :j 

REASONS  FOR  LEAVING  SCHOOL 

Chart  9        Reasons   for   leaving   school.      State   summary    and   cities 

over   25,000    120 

Chart  9A     Same  for  cities  under  25,000 121 

Chart  9B     Same  for  villages   over   5,000 122 

Chart  9C    .Same  for  age  and  parentage  groups.     Greater  New  York.  .  123 

KIND  OF  -SCHOOL  LAST  ATTENDED 

Chart  10        Kind  of  school  last  attended.     State  summary  and  cities 

over  25,000    125 

Chart  10A     Same  for  cities  under  25,000 126 

Chart  10B     Same  for  villages  over  5,000 127 

KIND  OF  SHOP  WORK  DONE  IN  SCHOOL 

Chart  11        Kind  of  shop  work  done  in  school.     State  summary  and 

cities  over  25,000 130 

Chart  11A     Same  for  cities  under  25,000 131 

Chart  11B     'Same  for  villages  over  5,000 132 

BEST  AND  LEAST  LIKED  STUDIES 

Chart  12        Best    and   least   liked   studies.      State   summary   for   5th 

grade     135 

Chart  12 A     State  summary  for  6th  grade   136 

Chart  12B     State  summary  for  7th    grade    137 

Chart  12C     State  summary  for  8th  grade    138 

Chart  12D     State  summary  for  1st  year  high  school 139 

Chart  12E     State  summary  for  2nd    year    high    school 140 

Chart  12F     State  summary  for  3rd  year  high  school 141 

Chart  12G     State  summary  for  4th    year    high    school 142 

Chart  12H     Mathematics.     State  summary  for  all  grades 145 


LIST  OF  DIAGRAMS  AND  CHARTS 


vn 


Chart  12P     Mathematics    and    History.      Grade    summary    for    city, 
village    and    farm   groups 

Chart  121      English.    State  summary  for  all  grades 

Chart  12Q     English  and  Languages.     Grade  summary  for  city,  village 
and  farm  groups    

Chart  12 J      History.     State  summary  for  all  grades 

Chart  12K     Spelling  and  Geography.     State  summary  for  all  grades. 

Chart  12R     Geography    and    Drawing.       Grade    summary    for     city, 
village  and  farm  groups 

Chart  12S     Spelling   and   Elementary   Science.     Grade  summary  for 
city,  village  and  farm  groups 

Chart  12L     Drawing.     State  summary  for  all  grades 

Chart  12M     Elementary  Science.     State  summary  for  all  grades..  .  .  . 

Chart  12N     Advanced  Science  and  Commercial  subjects.     State  sum- 
mary for  all  grades 

Chart  120     Languages.     State  summary  for  all  grades 

Chart  12T     Advanced  Science  and  Commercial  subjects.     Grade  sum- 
mary for  city,  village  and  farm  groups 

Chart  12U     Mathematics.      Grade    summary    by    parentage    groups. 
Greater  New  York  and  cities  over  25,000 

Chart  12V     History.     Greater  New  York  and  cities  over  25,000 

Chart  12W    Geography.     Greater  New  York  and  cities  over  25,000.  . 

Chart  12X     Spelling.     Greater  New  York  and  cities  over  25,000 

Chart  12Y     English.     Greater  New  York  and  cities  over  25,000 

Chart  12Z     Correlation     between     best     and     least     liked     studies. 
Greater    New    York,    American    and    foreign    parents 

combined     

BOYS  WHO  EARNED  MONEY  WHILE  IN  .SCHOOL 

Chart  13        Boys  who  earned  money  while  in  school.     Summary  for 
New  York  State  and  cities  over  25,000 

Chart  13A     Same  for  cities  under  25,000 

Chart  13B     Same  for  villages  over  5,000 

NIGHT  SCHOOL  ENROLLMENT 

Chart  14        Night    school    enrollment.      State    summary,    cities    over 

25,000  and  ten  nationality  groups 

Chart  14A     Same  for  cities  under  25,000 

Chart  14B     Same  for  villages  over  5,000 

BEGINNING   WEEKLY    WAGE 

Chart  15     Beginning  weekly  wage.     Summary  for  New  York  State.  . 

PRESENT  WEEKLY  WAGE 

Chart  16     Present  weekly  wage.     Summary  for  New  York  State.... 

WHO  HELPED  THEM  GET  THEIR  JOBS 

Chart  17  Who  helped  them  get  their  jobs.  Summary  for  New  York 

•Sftate  

NUMBER  OF  JOBS  HELD 

Chart  18  Number  of  jobs  held.  Summary  for  New  York  State 


PAGE 

146 
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154 

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166 
167 
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170 


178 
179 
180 


184 

185 
186 

189 
193 

196 
199 


VI 11 


LlST   OF   DlAGEAMS   AND    CHARTS 


PAGE 
LENGTH   OF   TIME   ON   PRESENT   JOB 

Chart  19     Length  of  time  on  present  job.     Summary  for  New  York 

State   201 

WHY  BOYS  LIKED  THEIR  JOBS 

Chart  20     Why  boys  liked  their  jobs.    Summary  for  New  York  State       203 
LACK  OF   CARE  USED   IN  HIRING  BOYS 

Chart  21        Percent    filling    out    application    and    reference    blanks. 

Summary  for  New  York  State  and  cities  over  25yOOO.  .       207 

Chart  21 A     Same  for  cities  under  25,000 208 

Chart  21B     Same  for  villages  over  5,000 209 

HOW  THEY  SAVED  THEIR  MONEY 

Chart  22        How  they  saved  their  money.     Summary  for  New  York 

State  and  cities  over  25,000 212 

Chart  22A     Same  for  cities  under  25,000 213 

Chart  22B     Same  for  villages  over  5,000 214 

WEEKLY  CONTRIBUTIONS  TOWARD  FAMILY  SUPPORT 

Chart  23     Weekly   contributions   toward  family  support.     Summary 

for  New  York  State 216 

OCCUPATIONS  —  Mothers',  fathers',  boys'  present  and  desired 

Cities  over  25,000  including  Greater  New  York 
Chart  24        Correlation  between  father's  occupation  and  boy's  present 

occupation.     16,  17  and  18  year  old  boys  combined.  . .  .       220 

Chart  24A     Same  for   16  year  old  boys 221 

Chart  24B     Same  for  17  year  old  boys 221 

Chart  24C     Same  for  18  year  old  boys     221 

Chart  24D     Correlation  between  father's  occupation  and  boy's  desired 

occupation.     16,  17  and  18  year  old  boys  combined.  .  .  .        223 

Chart  24E     Same  for  16  year  old  boys    224 

Chart  24F     Same  for  17  year  old  boys     224 

Chart  24G     Same  for  18  year  old  boys    224 

Chart  24H     Correlation    between    boy's   present    and   desired    occupa- 
tion.    16,  17  and  18  year  old  boys  combined 226 

Chart  241      Same  for  16  year  old  boys     227 

Chart  24J     Same  for  17  year  old  boys     228 

Chart  24K     Same  for  18  year  old  boys    229 

Chart  24L     Correlation    between    last    grade    completed    and    boy's 

present  occupation  230 

Chart  24M    Correlation    between    last    grade    completed    and    boy's 

desired  occupation   230 

Chart  24P     Correlation    between    boy's    desired   occupation    and    best 

liked  study    233 

Chart  24Q     Correlation  between   boy's   desired   occupation   and  least 

liked  study    233 

Chart  24N     Correlation   between   boy's   present  occupation    and   best 

liked  study    235 

Chart  240     Correlation  between  boy's   present  occupation   and  least 

liked  study    235 

Chart  24R     Percent    of    fathers    and    boys    in    each    occupation    and 

number  of  boys  desiring  to  be  in  each  occupation ....       237 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT 

The  task  of  conducting  and  completing  a  survey  of  such  magni- 
tude could  never  have  been  accomplished  had  it  not  been  for  the 
cooperation  of  the  Governor,  Charles  S.  Whitman ;  the  Commissioner 
of  Education,  Dr.  John  H.  Finley;  the  Deputy  Commissioner,  Dr. 
Thomas  E.  Finegan ;  the  school  superintendents  and  all  the  teachers 
of  the  State. 

I  am  particularly  indebted  to  Professors  George  D.  Strayer, 
Nickolaus  L.  Engelhardt,  Arthur  D.  Dean,  William  C.  Bagley  and 
Edward  S.  Evenden  of  Teachers  College,  Columbia  University,  and 
to  Don  C.  Bliss,  Superintendent  of  Schools  of  Montclair,  New 
Jersey,  for  their  invaluable  criticisms  and  suggestions. 

I  cannot  commend  too  highly  the  fine  spirit  of  cooperation  which 
prompted  the  employes  of  this  bureau  to  work  overtime,  on  holi- 
days, and  even  to  shorten  their  vacation  periods  that  the  work  on 
this  report,  done  in  many  instances  in  addition  to  their  regular 
routine  duties,  might  be  completed.  For  a  bureau,  organized  for 
other  purposes  than  research  work,  to  undertake  and  complete  such 
a  .stupendous  task  would  have  been  utterly  impossible  without  the 
intelligent  cooperation  displayed  ait  all  times  by  the  following 
employes  of  the  bureau :  Chief  Inspector  Fred  F.  Moran,  Inspec- 
tors Louis  Dicker,  Joseph  J.  Endres,  E.  J.  M.  Herd,  Thomas  G. 
Russell,  James  McC.  Shillinglaw,  Clyde  B.  Simson,  George  Stein 
and  E.  W.  Thurston;  James  Marsh,  Edward  J.  Matthew,  Ritie  L. 
Winnie  and  Susie  J.  Caddick,  Stenographers ;  Beulah  W.  Carroll 
and  Mary  A.  Dingivan,  Sorting-machine  Operators,  and  Marie  A. 
Dolan,  Statistical  Clerk. 

I  am  also  deeply  appreciative  of  the  cordial  support  and  interest 
of  my   colleagues,   Brigadier-General   William   H.    Chapin,    Chief 
Supervising  Officer  of  the  Bureau  of  Technical  Military  Training 
and  Dr.  Thomas  A.  Storey,  State  Director  of  Physical  Training. 

It  is  impossible  to  mention  by  name  scores  of  others,  prominent 
in  education  and  boy  welfare  work,  who  have  assisted  in  the  com- 
pilation  of  this  report.  HOWAKD  G  ^^ 

525  West  120th  Street, 

JSTew  York  City. 
[3] 


OUR  BOYS 


INTRODUCTORY  CHAPTER 

We  are  all  more  or  less  familar  with  the  social  group  known  as 
the  "school-boy."  We  went  to  school  with  him,  played  with  him, 
bartered  with  him,  quarreled  with  him,  shared  his  punishments,  his 
disappointments  and  his  pleasures.  In  early  adolescence,  wearied 
by  the  game  of  books,  pencils  and  make-believe  shops,  many  of  us 
shared  his  desire  to  leave  school,  to  be  a  man,  to  earn  money,  to  pos- 
sess and  to  continue  his  education  in  the  great,  rough  game  of  life, 
being  played  so  enticingly  all  around  him  by  grown  men. 

This  school-boy  group  continues  to  occupy  a  definite  place  in  our 
minds  because  we  assemble  these  boys  en  masse  in  our  schools,  and 
see  them  in  large  numbers  as  they  romp  back  and  forth  on  our  thoro- 
fares.  We  have  an  abiding  interest  in  them,  we  love  them,  we  study 
them  physically  and  mentally  and  know  something  of  their 
psychology. 

During  the  World  Wai1  we  suddenly  became  aware  of  another 
large  social  group,  "  the  dough-boys."  Like  magic  they  appeared, 
conspicuous  because  of  their  uniforms.  We  immediately  became 
interested  in  them,  trained,  studied  and  tested  them,  physically, 
mentally  and  vocationally.  We  became  thoroly  conscious  of  this 
yocial  group  simply  because  they  were  assembled  en  masse  and  made 
conspicuous  as  a  group.  Never  before  did  the  soldier  boys  them- 
selves realize  that  they  belonged  to  so  numerous  and  powerful  a 
group  of  vigorous  young  men.  Here  was  a  new  game  from  which  all 
weaklings  were  barred.  They  lived  and  mingled  with  their  fellows 
on  equal  footing,  rich  and  poor  alike.  Again,  as  when  school-boys 
they  shared  their  hardships  and  their  pleasures,  they  lived,  bled  and 
conquered  together.  As  a  result  of  having  been  assembled  shoulder 
to  shoulder  in  this  great  struggle  for  humanity  these  young  men  will 
go  thru  life  more  conscious  of  their  individual  responsibilities  to 
their  comrades  and  to  the  members  of  other  social  groups. 

There  is  another  large  and  important  group  of  boys  concerning 
whom  we  have  known  little  and  for  whom  we  have  done  little.  We 
have  been  unaware  of  their  presence  because  we  have  never  thot  of 

[5] 


,  BOYS 

them  as  a  distinctive,  economic  group.  These  are  the  employed  boys 
from  sixteen  to  eighteen  inclusive,  of  whom  there  are  now  245,000 
in  New  York  State.  Until  recently  they  have  never  been  assembled 
with  their  fellows  and  have  never  themselves  realized  that  they 
belonged  to  an  important  and  well-defined  group  six  times  as  large 
as  the  school-boy  group  of  the  same  ages. 

On  leaving  school,  as  most  of  them  do  at  ages  fourteen,  fifteen 
and  sixteen?  unprovided  with  definite  guidance  and  counsel  at  the 
very  period  in  life  when  it  is  most  needed,  they  become  separated 
from  their  mates  and  are  soon  lost  to  view.  As  a  group  they  have 
never  until  recently  been  trained  either  mentally,  physically  or 
vocationally  and  little  or  nothing  is  known  of  their  psychology. 

The  New  York  State  compulsory  training  law,  requiring  all  the 
sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen  year  old  boys  of  the  State  to  assemble 
for  a  course  of  citizenship  training  prescribed  by  the  State  Military 
Training  Commission,  composed  of  Major-General  John  F.  O'Ryan, 
commanding  the  National  Guard,  chairman,  ex-officio;  Dr.  John  H. 
Finley,  Commissioner  of  Education  and  George  J.  Fisher,  M.  D., 
Deputy-Chief  Scout  Commissioner  for  the  United  States,  made 
necessary  a  survey  of  these  employed  boys.  This  survey  has  brot 
to  light  many  interesting  and  important  facts  concerning  their 
nationality,  parentage,  guardianship,  families,  schooling,  occupa- 
tions, wages,  savings  and  future  aims. 

The  returns  from  150,000  of  these  boys  have  been  studied,  in  all 
sorts  of  groupings  such  as  Greater  New  York,  other  large  cities, 
small  cities,  large  villages,  small  villages,  rural  sections,  by  nation- 
alities, boys  with  fathers,  without  fathers,  with  mothers,  without 
mothers,  American  boys,  foreign  boys,  oldest  boys,  second  oldest, 
third  oldest,  fourth  oldest,  fifth  oldest  and  sixth  oldest  of  both  Ameri- 
can and  foreign  birth,  and  it  has  been  found  that  regardless  of  birth, 
family  conditions  and  environments  approximately  73,000  or  thirty 
percent  of  these  245,000  boys  leave  school  before  fifteen,  172,000  or 
seventy  percent  before  sixteen  and  by  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  year 
less  than  ten  percent  or  20,000  are  still  in  school. 

About  61.000  or  twenty^five  percent  drop  out  on  or  before  com- 
pleting the  seventh  grade,  132,000  or  fifty  percent  on  or  before 
completing  the  eighth  grade,  and  220,000  or  ninety  percent  before 
completing  the  first  year  of  the  high  school.  Investigations  made 
by  the  Inter-church  World  Movement  show  that  boys  desert  the 


OUR  BOYS  7 

Sunday  schools  at  these  same  ages  and  the  leaders  in  the  Boy  Scouts 
of  America  report  that  most  boys  drop  out  of  the  scout  troops 
before  reaching  sixteen. 

The  employer,  prone  to  criticize  the  schools  and  welfare  organ- 
izations, has  not  himself  succeeded  in  stopping  the  excessive  boy 
lahor  turnover.  Do  these  facts  not  challenge  the  school,  the  church, 
boy  welfare  organizations  and  business  men  to  supply  programs  of 
education,  recreation  and  training  that  will  appeal  to  and  hold  the 
interest  of  these  boys  ? 

All  the  evidence  shows  that  the  "  reasons  "  given  by  these  boys 
for  leaving  school  are  not  "  real  "  reasons  but  "  good  "  reasons,  or 
rather  excuses  for  leaving.  They  leave  because  there  is  in  them, 
some  impelling  force  which  is  creating  for  them  a  new  vision  of  life 
and  filling  them  with  a  desire  to  become  independent  and  self-sup- 
porting. 

The  attitude  of  parents,  teachers  and  society  in  general  toward 
the  boys  who  drop  out  of  school  is  such  as  to  make  them  feel  that 
they  are  "  flunkers,"  "  quitters,"  and  "  slackers."  Hence,  they  nat- 
urally seek  a  plausible  excuse  for  leaving,  a  reason  which  is  "  good  " 
but  not  "  real."  They  themselves  do  not  recognize  the  real  reason  but 
they  know  they  want  to  quit  and  not  wishing  to  be  known  as 
"  quitters  "  and  "  slackers  "  naturally  seek  a  reason  which  will  in 
a  measure  relieve  them  of  censure  and  criticism.  Whatever  the 
"  real "  reasons  may  be  why  boys  drop  out  of  school,  the  fact 
remains  that  they  do !  Very  few  of  them  attend  night  school  and 
the  others  frankly  say  they  have  no  desire  to  attend. 

This  study  shows  that  they  are  thoroly  averse  to  further  school- 
ing and  that  compulsory  part-time  continuation-school  and  night- 
school  work  will  b©  practically  valueless  unless  we  can  awaken  in 
these  boys  an  interest  in  further  education.  They  must  be  convinced 
that  by  completing  certain  definite  and  practical  short  courses  they 
can  increase  their  earning  capacity  and  secure  promotion.  To 
accomplish  this  is  the  task  of  boy  welfare  organizations  as  well  as 
of  the  schools.  The  major  part  of  the  future  training  and  education 
of  these  boys  will  be  secured  thru  business  and  social  contacts,  but 
this  must  be  supplemented  by  carefully  selected  and  well  planned 
short  continuation-school  courses  which  are  attractive  to  boys  because 
of  their  practical  value. 

These  boys  when  they  leave  school,  as  most  of  them  will  at  ages 


8  OUR  BOYS 

fourteen ,  fifteen  and  sixteen,  are  like  'seedlings  from  the  school 
nursery  and  should  be  transplanted  to  carefully  selected  and  well 
prepared  soil  where  under  expert  direction  and  training  they  can 
continue  their  education  and  development.  At  present,  however, 
they  are  scattered  by  the  winds  of  chance  and  dropped  here  and 
there,  first  into  one  environment,  then  another,  and  another,  almost 
without  end,  in  the  vain  hope  that  they  will  finally  fall  into  fertile 
soil,  take  root  and  make  good. 

"  You  might  as  well  throw  the  Greek  alphabet  on  the  floor  and 
expect  to  pick  up  an  Odyssey,"  as  to  expect  these  inexperienced, 
aimless,  uiieounseled  boys,  50,000  or  onenfifth  of  whom  have  no 
father  as  a  guardian,  and  12,500  or  one-twentieth  of  whom  have 
neither  a  father  nor  a  mother  as  a  guardian,  to  obtain  by  accident 
the  kind  of  employment  best  suited  to  their  growth  and  development 
as  citizens  and  wage  earners. 

What  these  boys  really  need  and  crave  is  sane,  sympathetic,  indi- 
vidual counsel,  guidance  and  leadership,  beginning  with  the  Junior 
High  School  (seventh  year)  and  continuing  with  them  thruout  that 
trying  period  after  they  have  left  school.  By  the  term  guidance  is 
meant  guidance  o<f  the  "  Big  Brother  "  type ;  guidance  of  a  very 
intimate  and  personal  nature  that  will  soon  develop  into  a  strong 
and  lasting  friendship  between  the  boy  and  his  counselor.  As  this 
friendship  grows  it  will  become  increasingly  unnecessary  for  the 
counselor  to  seek  the  boy  because  the  boy  and  his  parents  will  seek 
the  counselor  whenever  an  important  decision  is  to  be  made. 

Guidance  of  this  "  Big  Brother  "  type  is  a  calling  and  cannot  be 
bot  for  mere  money.  The  successful  counselor  of  boys  must  be  a 
mature  lover  of  boys,  keenly  interested  in  their  welfare  and  at  the 
same  time  thoroly  acquainted  with  the  best  methods  of  systematic 
vocational  guidance.  If  our  schools  and  welfare  organizations  will 
seek  men  of  this  type,  free  them  from  all  other  duties  and  have  it 
understood 'that  they  are  not  "advisors  "  or  givers  of  "  advice  "  but 
are  friendly  coaches,  always  ready  to  listen  sympathetically  and 
eager  to  give  a  lift,  many  a  boy  will  remain  longer  in  school  and 
when  he  leaves  will  land  on  his  feet  at  once.  His  job  will  be  ready 
for  him  and  suited  to  his  mental  and  physical  makeup.  Under 
leadership  of  this  type  these  boys  will  gladly  avail  themselves  of 
the  opportunity  for  increasing  their  efficiency  by  further  study  in 
our  part-time  schools  and  night  schools.  Schooling  of  this  kind 
will  be  purposeful  and  therefore  worthwhile. 


CHAPTER  I 

Making  the  Survey 

Its  Purpose 

1.  To  give  every  sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen  year  old  boy 
in  the  State  an  opportunity  to  comply  with  the  Military  Training 
Law  and  receive  a  certificate  of  enrollment  enabling  him  legally 
to  attend  school  or  to  be  employed. 

2.  To    obtain    accurate    information    concerning    the    number, 
nationality,  schooling,  home  environment,  employment,  opportuni- 
ties for  advancement  and  future  aims  of  these  boys,  thereby  mak- 
ing it  possible  for  schools  and  all  agencies  interested  in  boy  wel- 
fare work  to  adjust  their  programs  to  the  actual  needs  of  the  boys. 

Enrolling  the  boys 

The  plan  of  the  enrollment  and  survey  which  had  been  prepared 
by  the  director  of  the  Vocational  Bureau  was  presented  to  the  Mili- 
tary Training  Commission  with  the  request  that,  if  approved,  they 
secure  the  cooperation  of  Governor  Charles  S.  Whitman  in  carry- 
ing it  out.  The  Commission  approved  the  plan  and  at  their  request 
the  following  proclamation  was  issued  by  the  Governor  on  Novem- 
ber 19,  1918: 

PROCLAMATION 

STATE  OF  NEW  YORK  —  EXECUTIVE  CHAMBER 

WHEREAS,  The  Military  La\Y  of  the  State  of  New  York  provides  that  all  boys 
above  the  age  of  sixteen  years  and  not  over  the  age  of  nineteen  years  shall  be 
given  such  military  training  as  the  Military  Training  Commission  of  the  State 
may  prescribe;  and 

WHEREAS,  With  the  coming  of  peace  the  varied  training  contemplated  by  this 
act  becomes  more  important  than  ever  through  its  interpretation  as  a  universal 
selective  training  program  instilling  in  our  youth  a  sense  of  responsibility  to 
the  State  in  time  of  peace  as  well  as  in  time  of  war  and  preparing  them  to 
meet  this  responsibility  intelligently  and  effectively,  not  only  through  the  lessons 
of  good  hygiene,  correct  personal  bearing,  discipline  and  obedience  to  properly 
constituted  authority,  so  prominent  in  military  drill,  but  also  by  emphasizing 
the  importance  of  vocational  training  which  may  be  of  service  to  the  State;  and 

WHEREAS,  The  Military  Training  Commission  is  required  to  issue  to  each 
boy  complying  with  the  law,  in  order  that  he  may  legally  attend  school  or  be 


10  OUR  BOYS 

employed,  a  certificate  stating  that  such  boy  is  enrolled  for  military  training 
and  is  meeting  the  requirements  of  the  law  as  to  such  training;  and 

WHEREAS,  The  Military  Training  Commission  has  prepared  to  enroll  boys 
and  issue  certificates,  on  December  3d; 

Now,  THEREFORE,  I,  Charles  S.  Whitman,  Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
do  hereby  designate  Tuesday,  December  3d,  between  the  hours  of  9'  A.  M.  and 
9  P.  M.,  as  a  time  when  all  boys  sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen  years  of  age 
shall  appear  in  person  at  the  nearest  public  school-house  to  enroll  and  be  credited 
with  compliance  with  the  Military  Law  of  the  State. 

GIVEN  under  my  hand  and  the  Privy  seal  of  the  State  at  the  Capitol  in 
[L.  s.]     the  City  of  Albany,  this  nineteenth  day  of  November,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  eighteen. 

(Signed)     CHAKLES  S.  WHITMAN. 
By  the  Governor: 
GEORGE  B.  GRAVES, 

Assistant  Secretary  to  the  Governor. 

On  the  issuance  of  the  proclamation  of  the  Governor,  Dr.  John 
H.  Finley,  'Commissioner  of  Education  for  the  State  of  .New  York, 
sent  under  date  of  November  19th,  to  all  the  city,  village  and  dis- 
trict school  superintendents,  the  following  letter: 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 
The  State  Department  of  Education 

ALBANY,  November  19,  1918. 
To  City,  Village  and  District  Superintendents  of  Schools: 

I  am  enclosing  a  marked  copy  of  chapter  566,  Laws  of  1916,  as  amended,  com- 
monly known  as  the  Military  Training  Law,  and  a  copy  of  a  proclamation  issued 
by  Governor  Whitman  to  which  I  invite  your  careful  attention. 

In  accordance  with  this  proclamation,  the  teachers  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  who  have  already  done  valuable  patriotic  service  in  all  branches  of  war 
work,  are  hereby  instructed  and  directed  to  perform  on  Tuesday,  December 
3rd,  between  the  hours  of  9  a.  m.  and  9  p.  m.  this  additional  piece  of  work, 
highly  important  both  in  time  of  peace  and  in  time  of  war,  in  accordance  with 
the  following  directions: 

1.  Two  forms   of  enrollment  blanks  will  be  provided.     The  form  printed  on 
white  paper  will  be  for  all  day-school  boys  and  also  for  all  employed  boys  not 
working  on  farms.     The  other  forms  printed  on  yellow  paper  will  be  for  boys 
working  on  farms  and  not  attending  school. 

2.  There  will  also  be  provided  a  certificate  of  enrollment  which  is  to  be  given 
by  the  teacher  to  each  boy  who  enrolls.     The  boy  will  sign  the  certificate  and 
the  teacher   will   write   the   boy's   address  in   the   space   indicated,    signing  her 
initials  under  the   name  of  the  Zone   Supervising  Officer   of   Military   Training 
which  appears  on  the  certificate.     This  card  should  be  retained  by  the  boy  as 
evidence  that  he  has  complied  with  the  law. 

3.  The  enrollment  blanks  and  certificates   of  enrollment  will  be  sent  to  the 
city,  village  and  district  superintendents  of  the  State  and  are  to  be  distributed 
by  them  to  the  schools  under  their  jurisdiction. 

4.  All  entries  on  the  blanks  are  to  be  made  by  the  teacher  and  not  by  the 
boy.     This  is  done  to  insure  accuracy  and  legibility. 

5.  The  enrollment  of  the  school  boys  is  comparatively  simple  as  they  need 
answer  only  the  questions  at  the  top  of  the  white  form,  including  questions  1, 
2  and  3. 

6.  Working  boys  are  required  to  answer  all  questions  on  the  blank  in  order 
that  all  claims  for  recognition  or  exemption  may  be  decided  intelligently  by  the 
Military  Training  Commission. 


OUR  BOYS  11 

7.  Farm  boys  not  attending  school  are  required  to  answer  all  questions  on 
the  yellow  form. 

8.  While  at  first  this  enrollment  seems  to  be  a  very  great  task,  owing  to  the 
fact  that  every  public  schoolhouse  in  the  State  will  be  an  enrollment  station, 
the  number  of  boys  to  be  enrolled  from  each  community  is  really  comparatively 
small  and  the  enrollment  can  therefore  be  accomplished  without  the  necessity 
of  suspending  school  work. 

9.  On  the  completion  of  the  enrollment  the  blanks  are  to  be  compared  with  the 
school  census  and  a  list  of  the  names  and  addresses  of  all  boys  who  failed  to 
appear   for   enrollment   made   and    sent    at  once   together  with   the   enrollment 
blanks,  including  unused  forms  and  certificates,  to  the  superintendents  who  will 
express  them  C.  O.  D.  to  the  Zone  Supervising  Officers,  of  the  Military  Train- 
ing Commission  as  follows: 

10.  City,    village    and    district    superintendents    of    schools    located    in    the 
counties  of 

Allegany  Chautauqua  Genesee  Wyoming 

Cattaraugus  Erie  Niagara  Orleans 

are  directed  to  forward  all  enrollments  and  also  the  lists  of  those  who  failed 
to  enroll  as  shown  by  the  school  census  to  Brigadier  General  George  C.  Fox, 
451  Main  street,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

11.  Superintendents  of  schools  located  in  the  counties  of 
Cayuga  Monroe  Seneca  Wayne 
Livingston                    Ontario                         Steuben                        Yates 

are  directed  to  forward  all  enrollments  and  also  the  lists  of  those  who  failed 
to  enroll  as,  shown  by  the  school  census  to  Colonel  Eugene  K.  Austin,  State 
Armory,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

12.  Superintendents  of  schools  located  in  the  counties  of 
Broome  Delaware  Madison  Otsego 
Chemung                     Herkimer                     Oneida  Schuyler 
Chenango                     Jefferson                      Onondaga                    Tioga 
Cortland                       Lewis                             Oswego                          Tompkins 

are  directed  to  forward  all  enrollments  and  also  the  lists  of  those  who  failed 
to  enroll  as  shown  by  the  school  census  to  Lieut.  W.  K.  Whitley,  State  Armory, 
Elmira,  N.  Y. 

13.  Superintendents  of  schools  located  in  the  counties  of 
Albany  Fulton  Rensselaer  Sullivan 
Clinton                          Greene                           Rockland                      Ulster 
Columbia                     Hamilton                     Saratoga                      Warren 
Dutchess                      Montgomery                Schenectady                Washington 
Essex                            Orange                         Schoharie 

Franklin  Putnam  St.  Lawrence 

are  directed  to  forward  all  enrollments  and  also  the  lists  of  those  who  failed 
to  enroll  as  shown  by  the  school  census  to  Major  John  P.  Treanor,  State  Armory, 
Washington  avenue,' Albany,  N.  Y. 

14.  Superintendents  of  schools  located  in  the  counties  of 

Bronx  New  York  Richmond  Westchester 

are  directed  to  forward  all  enrollments  and  also  the  lists  of  those  who  failed 
to  enroll  as  shown  by  the  school  census  to  Major  Louis  M.  Greer,  State  Armory, 
Park  avenue  and  Thirty-third  street,  New  York  city. 

15.  Superintendent  of  schools  located  in  the  counties  of 

Kings  Nassau  Queens  Suffolk 

are  directed  to  forward  all  enrollments  and  also  the  lists  of  those  who  failed 
to  enroll  as  shown  by  the  school  census  to  Major  Elliot  Bigelow,  Jr.,  State 
Armory,  Park  avenue  and  Thirty-third  street,  New  York  city. 

Very  truly  yours, 

(Signed)   JOHN  H.  FINLEY, 

Commissioner  of  Education. 


12  OUR  BOYS 

On  November  23,  1918,  the  director  of  the  Vocational  Training 
Bureau  of  the  Military  Training  Commission  wrote  the  school 
superintendents  of  the  State  as  follows: 

ALBANY,  November  23,  1918. 
To  City  and  Village  Superintendents: 

In  connection  with  the  enrollment  of  all  16,  17  and  18  year  old  boys  on 
December  3rd,  in  accordance  with  the  proclamation  of  the  Governor  and  the 
instructions  sent  out  to  the  schools  by  the  Commissioner  of  Education,  we  are 
sending  you  under  separate  cover  what  we  hope  will  be  a  sufficient  number  of 
enrollment  blanks  and  certificates  for  the  boys  of  your  city.  Will  you  please 
have  them  properly  apportioned  as  soon  as  possible  to  the  various  schools  under 
your  jurisdiction,  as  the  date  of  enrollment  is  very  clo.se  at  hand? 

The  information  which  we  are  gathering  in  this  survey  will,  we  believe,  prove 
of  great  value  to  the  schools  of  the  State  in  the  promotion  of  vocational  and 
agricultural  education.  For  this  reason  we  feel  sure  that  we  will  have  your 
hearty  cooperation. 

Very  truly  yours, 
(Signed)   HOWARD  G.  BUKDGE, 
Director,   Vocational   Training   Bureau, 
Military  Training  Commission, 
State  of  New  York. 

A  letter  similar  to  the  above  was  also  sent  to  each  of  the  district 
superintendents  of  the  State  on  the  same  date. 

Publicity 

Wide  publicity  was  given  the  proclamation  of  the  Governor  in 
the  public  press,  schools,  manufacturing  plants,  shops,  factories, 
post  offices,  street  railway  and  subway  cars  thruout  the  entire  State. 
As  a  result  of  this  publicity  186,060  of  the  264,000  boys  of  these 
ages  reported  for  enrollment  on  December  3,  1918.  Additional 
enrollments  received  up  to  June  1,  1919,  increased  this  total  to 
192,378. 

The  wide  scope  of  the  survey 

Never  before  has  it  been  possible  to  secure  so  much  reliable  in- 
formation about  boys  of  every  nationality,  employed  in  such  a  wide 
variety  of  occupations,  in  every  section  of  the  Empire  State,  from 
the  smallest  rural  community  to  the  largest  city  in  the  world. 

Excellent  work  done  by  the  public  school  teachers  of  the  State 

The  public  school  teachers  are  the  only  highly  trained,  organized 
group  reaching  every  community  of  the  State  and  with  characteristic 
energy  and  willingness  they  gave  freely  of  their  time,  often  at  great 
personal  inconvenience,  to  the  painstaking  work  of  recording  the 


OUR  BOYS  18 

answers  to  the  questions  on  the  questionnaires.  Without  their 
intelligent  and  generous  cooperation  this  important  piece  of  work 
would  have  been  impossible  of  accomplishment. 

Forms  used  in  the  enrollment 

Two  questionnaires  were  prepared  by  the  director  of  the  Voca- 
tional Bureau  of  the  Military  Training  Commission  in  consultation 
with  George  D.  Strayer,  Professor  of  Educational  Administration, 
Columbia  University ;  Thomas  E.  Finegan,  Deputy  Commissioner  of 
Education,  New  York  State ;  George  A.  Works,  College  of  Agricul- 
ture, Cornell  University;  Nickolaus  L.  Engelhardt,  Professor  of 
Education,  Columbia  University;  Arthur  D.  Dean,  Professor  of 
Vocational  Education,  Columbia  University ;  Don  C.  Bliss,  Superin- 
tendent of  Schools,  Montclair,  N.  J. ;  Herbert  F.  Blair,  Statistician, 
New  York  City;  Joseph  P.  O'Hearn,  Assistant  Superintendent  of 
Schools,  Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  Lewis  A.  Wilson,  Director  of  Agricultural 
and  Industrial  Education,  New  York  State  Education  Department; 
Russell  II.  Allen,  Educational  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Municipal 
Research,  New  York  City  and  many  others  prominent  in  educational, 
industrial  and  agricultural  work.  The  questionnaires  used  are  shown 
in  exhibits  A  and  B  and  are  self-explanatory. 


OUR  BOYS 


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18  OUR  BOYS 

Instructions  sent  to  teachers 

ENROLLMENT  FOR  MILITARY  TRAINING 
Instructions  to  Teachers  Acting  as  Enrolling  Officers 

1.  Every  boy,  except  those  serving  in  the  United   States  army  or  navy,  16, 
17  and  18  years  of  age,  who  is  living  in  New  York  State  on  December  3,  1918, 
must  enroll  for  military  training  under  the  State  Military  Training  Commis- 
sion, at  the  public  schoolhouse  nearest  his  place  of  residence  between  the  hours 
of  9  a.  m.  and  9  p.  m.  on  December  3d,  in  accordance  with  a  proclamation  of 
the  Governor.     This  applies  to  every  boy,  whether  he  is  in  school  or  not,  and 
whether  or  not  he  is  already  a  member  of  a  military  training  unit  receiving 
drill,  or  has  been  exempted  or  has  had  the  work  in  which  he  is  engaged  recog- 
nized  as   equivalent  to  military  training.     In  case   of   inability  to   report  for 
enrollment  because  of  physical  disability,  boys  should  be  directed  to  send  a  rep- 
resentative  to   the  nearest   public   schoolhouse   and   such   representative    should 
report  the  boy's  name,  address,  age  and  reason  for  not  enrolling.     This  informa- 
tion should  be  entered  on   an  enrollment  card  and  a  certificate  of   enrollment 
issued. 

2.  Two    forms    of    enrollment    blanks    are    provided.      The    form    printed    on 
white  paper    (Exhibit  A)    is  for  all  day  school  boys  and  also  for  all  employed 
boys  not  working  on  farms.     The  other  form,  printed  on  yellow  paper   (Exhibit 
B),  is  for  boys  working  on  farms  and  not  attending  school. 

3.  There   are    also   provided   certificates   of   enrollment    (Exhibit   C),   one   of 
which  is  to  be  given  by  the  teacher  to  each  boy  who  enrolls  —  the  boy  will 
sign  the  certificate  in   the  space   indicated,  and  the   teacher  will   insert  boy's 
address   and  place  her  initials  under  the  name  of  the  zone  supervising  officer 
of   military   training   which   appears   on   the   certificate.      This   card   should   be 
retained  by  the  boy  as  evidence  that  he  has  complied  with  the  law. 

4.  Enrollment  blanks  and  certificates  will  be  sent  to  city,  village  and  district 
superintendents  of  schools  and  will  be  distributed  by  them  to  the  schools  under 
their  jurisdiction. 

5.  All  entries  on  the  blanks  are  to  be  made  by  the  teacher  and  not  by  the 
boy.     This  is  done  to  insure  accuracy  and  legibility. 

6.  The    enrollment    of    school    boys    is    comparatively    simple,    as    they    need 
answer  only  the  questions  at  the  top  of  the  white  form,  including  questions   1, 
2  and  3. 

7.  Employed  boys  not  working  on  farms  are  required  to  answer  all  questions 
on  the  white  blank  up  to  and  including  number  42,  in  order  that  all  claims  for 
recognition  or  exemption  may  be  decided  intelligently  by  the  Military  Train- 
ing Commission. 

8.  Farm  boys  not  attending  school  are  required  to  answer  all  questions  on  the 
yellow  form. 

9.  If  the  supply  of  enrollment  blanks  is  exhausted,  the  teacher  will  record  the 
required   information   on    a   plain   sheet   of    paper,   numbering   the   answers    as 
indicated  on  the  regular  form,  and  forward  with  the  other  blanks. 

10.  If  the  supply  of  certificates  of  enrollment  is  exhausted,  the  teacher  will 
make  a  list  of  the  names  of  all  boys  enrolled  who  have  not  been  supplied  with 
certificates,  and  forward  this  list  of  names  with  the  other  material. 

11.  If  a  boy  cannot  answer  any  questions  or  refuses  to  answer  any  questions, 
the  teacher  will  make  note  accordingly  in  the  space  provided  for  the  answer. 

12.  All  claims  for  exemption  from  drill  should  be  made  by  the  boy  to  the 
zone  supervising  officer  whose  name  and  address  appears  on  the  certificate  of 
enrollment. 

13.  While  at  first  this  enrollment  seems  to  be  a  very  great  task,  neverthe- 
less, owing  to  the  fact  that  every  public  schoolhouse  in  the  State  will  be  an 
enrollment  center,  the  number  of  boys  to  be  enrolled  from  each  community  is 
comparatively  small  and  the  enrollment  can  therefore  be  accomplished  without 
the  necessity  of  suspending  school  work. 

14.  On  the  completion  of  the  enrollment,  the  blanks  are  to  be  compared  with 
the  school  census  and  a  list  of  the  names  and  addresses  of  all  boys  who  failed  to 


OUR  BOYS  10 

appear  for  enrollment  made  and  sent  at  once,  together  with  the  enrollment 
blanks,  including  unused  forms  and  certificates,  to  the  school  superintendent, 
who  will  forward  them  C.  O.  D.  to  the  proper  zone  supervising  officer  of  the 
Military  Training  Commission. 

Certificate  of  enrollment 

Exhibit  C  shows  the  certificate  of  enrollment  issued  to  each  hoy 
who  enrolled. 


11-15-18-300,000  (48-815)  Nfyr  TRANcrcRAR,  c 

STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 

MILITARY  TRAINING  COMMISSION 


CcrtifiC9~that  the  bearer  whose  signature  appears  on  the  line 
following: 

Name 

Address. 

is  enrolle/SU^r  military  training  as  a  member  of  the  Corps  of  Cadets,  State  of  New- 
York,  in  Conformity  with  the  provisions  of  the  Military  Law  of  the  State,  and  is 
meeting  the  requirements  of  the  law  as  to  such  military  training. 


Subject  to  cancellation 

by  the  Military  Train-  ...      ...   _    D 

ing  Commission.  Major,  N.  C.  R. 

Zone  Supervising  Officer,  Military  Training 


Not  valid  after  December  31, 1918,  unless  endorsed  as  indicated  on  back  hereof 


This  certificate  must  be  presented  for  endorsement  by  person  to  whom  issued  on 
the  dates  indicated  below,  or  wit'-.  in  seven  days  immediately  preceding  each  date: 


December  3,.  I9i8  ..... 


If  cadet  is  member  of  a  training  unit,  this  certificate  is  to  be  presented  for  endorse- 
ment to  his  instructor  ;  otherwise  the  certificate  is  to  be  presented  in  person  or  mailed 
with  a  self-addressed  STAMPED  envelope  to  Major  John  P.  Treanor,  State  Armory, 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

No  Certificate  Mailed  for  Endorsement  Will  Be  Returned  Unless 
Accompanied  by  Stamped  Return  Envelope 


OUR  BOYS 


BxhlMt 


A  Hollerith  card.  Each  answer  on  the  questionnaire  has  a  code  number 
assigned  to  it  under  the  proper  column  heading.  For  example  the  question- 
naire (Exhibit  A)  is  that  of  an  18  year  old  boy.  On  the  code  in  the  appendix 
of  this  report  the  figure  8  under  "  Age  "  represents  .an  18  year  old  boy,  there- 
fore in  the  age  column  on  the  Hollerith  card  (Exhibit  D)  the  figure  '8  is  punched 
out. 

Exhibit  E 


A  Hollerith  card.  In  Exhibit  E  the  six  in  the  "  Age "  column  is  punched 
out  showing  that  the  card  is  that  of  a  sixteen-year-old  boy. 

Method  of  recording-  the  answers  to  the  questions 

Each  question  was  asked  and  the  boy's  answer  recorded  by  a 
licensed  teacher  whose  signature  and  school  address  were  required 
on  each  questionnaire.  This  signature  and  address  aided  materially 
in  securing  accuracy  and  legibility  as  it  was  obviously  possible  to 
trace  any  careless  work  to  its  author.  Seventy-eight  percent  of  the 
boys  live  in  the  one  hundred  odd  cities  and  villages  of  the  State  with 


OUR  BOYS  21 

a  population  of  more  than  5,000  and  having  a  well  organized  system 
of  schools  under  the  supervision  of  a  superintendent.  Another  six 
percent  of  the  boys  live  in  the  incorporated  villages  of  the  State, 
having  a  Union  High  School  in  charge  of  a  supervising  principal. 
This  means  that  eighty-four  percent  of  the  questionnaires  were  filled 
out  in  well  organized  schools  under  close  supervision.  The  filling 
out  of  the  questionnaires  in  the  rural  communities  was  very  carefully 
supervised  by  the  district  superintendents  of  the  State  and  the 
returns  received  from  the  rural  schools  show  that  the  work  was 
carefully  and  accurately  performed.  On  the  completion  of  the 
enrollment  the  questionnaires  were  returned,  in  accordance  with 
instructions  sent  out  by  the  Commissioner  of  Education,  to  the  offices 
of  the  Military  Training  Commission. 

Accuracy  of  answers  on  questionnaires 

That  the  work  of  recording  the  answers  was  conscientiously  and 
accurately  performed  by  the  teachers  of  the  State  is  evidenced  by 
the  fact  that  the  answers  to  the  questions  on  practically  every  one 
of  the  186,060  questionnaires  received  were  complete.  The  tabula- 
tions of  the  answers  received  from  widely  separated  cities  and 
villages  show  a  uniformity  of  results  which  could  not  obtain  had  the 
work  been  carelessly  done.  Furthermore,  the  information  obtained 
on  over  10,000  similar  questionnaires  previously  filled  by  the  field 
staff  of  the  bureau  in  personal  interviews  with  boys  in  their  places  of 
employment  in  all  parts  of  the  State  has  verified  the  accuracy  of 
the  data  on  the  questionnaires  filled  out  by  the  teachers. 

Data  transferred  to  sorting-machine  cards 

On  the  receipt  of  the  questionnaire  cards  a  group  of  five  specially 
trained  young  women  transferred  the  information  from  the  question- 
naires to  Hollerith  sorting  and  tabulating  machine  cards.  This 
alone  took  several  months  of  careful  and  painstaking  work  owing 
to  the  nature  of  the  answers  which  required  the  use  of  an  extensive 
code.  The  name  of  each  boy  was  written  on  the  back  of  the  Hollerith 
card  which  enabled  those  supervising  the  work  to  check  the  results 
of  the  card-punching  by  comparing  the  punched  cards  with  the 
original  questionnaires. 


22  OUR  BOYS 

Exhibit  D  shows  a  Hollerith  card  with  the  answers  as  given  on 
the  questionnaire  in  exhibit  A  punched  on  it  ready  for  sorting  in 
the  electric  sorting-machine. 

Exhibit  E  shows  a  Hollerith  card  with  the  answers  as  given  on 
the  questionnaire  in  exhibit  B  punched  on  it  ready  for  sorting. 

Codes  used  in  punching  the  cards 

The  complete  codes  used  in  transferring  the  data  from  the  question- 
naires in  exhibits  A  and  B  to  the  Hollerith  cards  in  exhibits  D  and 
E  respectively  are  published  in  full  in  the  appendix  of  this  report. 

How  the  cards  were  sorted 

The  punched  cards  were  sorted  on  two  machines,  one  a  Hollerith 
machine  located  at  Albany  and  the  other  a  Powers  machine  located 
in  Teachers  College,  Columbia,  University.  The  work  of  sorting 
the  cards  and  tabulating  the  results  of  these  sortings  required  a  year's 
time  and  gives  some  idea  of  the  magnitude  and  scope  of  the  work. 
While  a  vast  amount  of  information  has  been  obtained  from  the 
cards  the  possibilities  for  further  detailed  study  are  by  no  means 
exhausted.  The  information  on  the  cards  is  of  such  a  nature  as  to 
make  it  of  value  for  a  long  period  of  years.  It  will  be  impossible 
to  publish  in  detail  all  of  the  information  secured. 

The  number  of  questionnaires  received 


Greater  New  York 

School  Boys 

17,593 

Boys  out 
of  School 

82,575 

Total 
100,168 

Cities  over  25,000  

7,648 

26,991 

34,639 

Cities  under  25,000  

2,746 

7,550 

10,296 

Villages  over  5  000          .  .  . 

2,189 

4,276 

6,465 

Places  under  5  000 

"\ 

f  12,004 

19,963 

Employed  farm  bovs  .  . 

V        7,959 

I  14,529 

14,529 

Total  

38,135 

147,925 

186,060 

The  necessity  for  using  random  samplings  of  data 

The  work  involved  in  properly  sorting  and  tabulating  such  a 
iiemendous  amount  of  material  made  it  imperative  to  resort  to  ran- 
dom samplings  of  the  data  wherever  possible.  If  all  the  147,925 


OUR  BOYS  23 

cards  received  from  the  employed  boys  had  been  used  there  would 
have  been  an  aggregate  total  of  over  12,000,000  sortings  as  each  card 
had  to  be  sent  thru  the  machines  approximately  one  hundred  and 
fifty  times.  By  resorting  to  random  samplings  of  the  data  it  was 
possible  to  get  accurate  results  and  at  the  same  time  reduce  the 
labor  of  sorting  and  tabulating  by  about  fifty  percent.  Even  then 
the  work  assumed  almost  overwhelming  proportions  as  an  aggregate 
total  of  over  6,000,000  sortings  were  made  and  the  results  tabulated. 

The  method  of  making  the  random  samplings  of  data 

In  Greater   New  York,    82,575   cards   were   received   from   the 
employed  boys,  divided  into  three  age  groups  as  follows: 

16  year  olds 36,410 

17  year  olds 33,895 

18  year  olds 12,270 


Total   82,575 


A  random  sampling  of  each  group  was  then  made  so  as  to  furnish 
a  total  of  18,000  cards,  consisting  of  7,000  cards  from  each  of  the  six- 
teen and  seventeen  year  old  groups  and  4,000  cards  from  the  eighteen 
year  old  group.  ,  This  made  a  sampling  of  approximately  every  fifth 
card  from  each  of  the  sixteen  and  seventeen  year  old  groups  and 
every  third  card  from  the  eighteen  year  old  group.  The  following 
method  was  employed  in  making  the  samplings : 

1.  The  cards  of  each  group  were  arranged  in  strictly  alphabetical 
order  so  as  to  destroy  all  traces  of  racial  or  nationality  groupings. 

2.  From  the  sixteen  year  old  group  every  fifth  card  was  withdrawn 
making  a  total  of  7,282.     From  the  7,282  cards  every  twenty-fifth 
card  was  withdrawn  leaving  7,071  cards.     Then  by  withdrawing 
approximately  every  one-hundredth  card  the  number  was  further 
reduced  to  exactly  7,000  cards.     By  a  similar  method  7,000  cards 
weire  selected  from  the  seventeen  year  old  group  and  4,000  from 
the  eighteen  year  old  group. 


24  OUR  BOYS 

Cities  over  25,000  population  outside  of  Greater  New  York 

In  the  twenty-one  cities  of  the  State  outside  of  Greater  New  York 
having  over  25,000  population  26,991  cards  were  received  from 
employed  hoys  divided  into  three  age  groups  as  follows : 

16  year  olds - 9,818 

17  year  olds : 9,644 

18  year  olds 7,529 


Total    26,991 


A  random  sampling  of  each  group  was  then  made  so  as  to  furnish 
a  total  of  15,000  cards,  consisting  of  5,000  cards  from  each  age 
group.  The  following  method  was  employed  in  making  the 
samplings : 

1.  The  cards  were  divided  into  sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen 
year  age  groups. 

2.  Each  age  group  was  then  arranged  in  strictly  alphabetical  order. 

3.  From  the  sixteen  year  old  group  every  second  card  was  with- 
drawn making  4,909  cards.     From  the  remaining  4,909  cards  every 
fifty-fifth  card  was  withdrawn  furnishing  ninety-one  more  cards  or 
a  total  of  5,000  cards.    By  a.  similar  method  5,000  cards  were  selected 
from  the  seventeen  and  eighteen  year  old  groups  respectively,  making 
a  total  of  15,000  cards. 

Cities  under  25,000  population 

In  the  thirty-six  cities  of  the  State  having  less  than  25,000  popula- 
tion 7,550  cards  were  received  from  the  employed  boys,  divided  in 
three  age  groups  as  follows : 

16  year  olds 2,559 

17  year  olds'. 2,603 

18  year  olds 2,388 


Total    7,550 


For  the  general  tabulations  made  of  this  entire  group  of  cities  all 
the  cards  were  used. 


OUR  BOYS  25 

Villages  over  5,000  population 

In  the  forty-one  villages  of  the  State  having  over  5,000  popula- 
tion 4,276  cards  were  received  from  the  employed  boys,  divided  in 
three  age  groups  as  follows  : 

16  year  olds 1,387 

17  year  olds 1,558 

18  year  olds 1,331 


Total    4,276 

For  the  general  tabulations  made  of  this  entire  group  of  villages 
all  the  cards  were  used. 

Places  under  5,000  population 

In  places  under  5,000  population  12,004  cards  were  received  from 
tne  employed  boys,  divided  in  three  age  groups  as  follows: 

16  year  olds 4,065 

17  year  olds 4,273 

18  vear  olds 3,666 


Total   12,004 


For  the  general  tabulations  made  of  this  entire  group  all  the  cards 
were  used. 

Farm  boy  group 

From  boys  employed  on  farms  in  all  sections  of  the  State  14,529 
cards  were  received,  divided  in  three  age  groups  as  follows : 

16  year  olds 5,331 

17  year  olds 5,187 

18  year  olds 4,011 


Total   14,529 


For  the  tabulations  made  of  this  entire  group  all  the  cards  were 
used. 


26 


OUR  BOYS 


School  boy  group 

From  the  school  boys  of  the  State  38,135  cards  were  received  but 
no  tabulations  were  made  of  this  group  because  no  data  other  than 
nationality  was  collected. 

Tabulations  for  individual  cities  and  villages  over  5,000  population 

In  the  detailed  studies  of  the  individual  cities  and  villages  prac- 
tically every  card  received  from  the  employed  boys  was  tabulated 
excepting  in  Greater  New  York,  Rochester  and  a  few  smaller  places 
where  minor  adjustments  were  made.  Tables  No.  1,  in  the  text, 
1-A,  1-B  and  1-C,  (see  appendix)  show  the  exact  number  of  cards 
received  and  tabulated  for  each  city  and  village. 

POPULATION  AND  ENROLLMENT 

Of  All  Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Boys 
TABLE  No.  1  —  SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


Num- 

Per- 

GROUPS 

Total 
popu- 
lation 
of 
boys 

Total 
num- 
ber en- 
rolled 

Total 
per- 
cent 
en- 
rolled 

Popu- 
lation 
of  em- 
ployed 
boys 

ber  of 
em- 
ployed 
boys 
en- 

cent 
of  em- 
ployed 
boys 
en- 

Popu- 
lation 
of 
school 
boys 

School 
boys 
en- 
rolled 

Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 

rolled 

rolled 

Greater  New  York  . 

142,472 

100,252 

70.4 

124,879 

82,659 

66.2 

17,593 

17,593 

18,000 

Cities  over  25,000.. 

50,529 

34,830 

68.9 

42,881 

27,182 

63.4 

7,648 

7,648 

20,523 

Cities  under  25,000. 

13,982 

10,518 

75.2 

11,236 

7,772 

69.1 

2,746 

2,746 

7,496 

Villages  over  5,000. 

7,967 

6,686 

83.9 

5,778 

4,497 

77.8 

2,189 

2,189 

4,269 

Places  under  5,000. 

49,050 

33,774 

68.8 

41,091 

28,515 

62.8 

7,959 

7,959 

12,004 

Employ'd  farm  boys 

* 

* 

* 

i 

* 

* 

* 

* 

14,529 

Total 

264  000 

186  060 

70  5 

225  865 

147  925 

65  4 

38  135 

38,135 

76  ,  821 

*  The  cards  of  the  employed  farm  boys  were  eliminated  from  the  above  groups  and  tabulated 
separately. 

Definitions  of  terms  used 

Employed  boys. —  The  term  "  employed  boys  "  as  used  in  this 
report  refers  to  all  boys  not  attending  day  schools  and  employed 
otherwise  than  on  farms. 

Fawn  boys. —  The  term  "  farm  boys  "  as  used  in  this  report  refers 
to  all  boys  not  attending  day  schools  and  employed  on  farms. 

School  boys. —  The  term  "  school  boys  "  as  used  in  this  report 
refers  to  boys  in  regular  attendance  at  day  schools. 


OUR  BOYS  27 

Reliability  of  results  obtained  from  a  random  sampling  of  data 

The  novice  in  the  matter  of  handling  statistics  is  often  very 
skeptical  of  results  obtained  from  random  samplings  of  data.  In 
this  connection  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  a  test  case  was  made 
of  the  data  received  from  6,468  employed  boys  in  the  city  of  Buffalo. 
The  fact  that  the  test  was  made  by  skeptics,  who  became  so  thoroly 
convinced  of  the  validity  of  the  results  obtained  from  their  random 
samplings  that  they  turned  the  data  of  their  investigation  over  to 
the  director  of  the  bureau,  adds  a  peculiar  interest  and  value  to 
the  work. 

Dr.  Truman  L.  Kelly,  assistant  professor  of  education,  Columbia 
University,  became  interested  in  using  these  figures  for  a  further 
study  of  the  reliability  of  the  percentile  method  with  the  result 
that  the  following  article  was  written  by  Mr.  Ben  D.  Wood. 

NOTE    ON  THE  RELIABILITY  OF  PREDICTION  BASED   ON  RANDOM 

SAMPLING 

1.  The  laymen  and  the  not  widely  experienced  statistician  find  it  difficult  to 
accept   with   any   satisfactory   degree    of    confidence   predictions    based    on    pro- 
portions   of    comparatively    small    random    samplings.      For    example,    if    it    is 
observed  in  a  random  sampling  consisting  of  25  percent  of  all  the  16,  17  and 
18  year  old  boys  in  a  given  city,  that  83.4  percent  have  the  father  as  guardian, 
what  would  be  the  proportion  of  the  remaining  75  percent  of  such  boys  who 
would  similarly  have  the  male  parent  as  guardian.     The  average  layman  would 
not  even  attempt  to  guess  within  10  percent  of  the  truth,  and  he  would  prob- 
ably laugh  if  someone  should  venture  that  it  would  be  83.4  plus  or  minus  2  per- 
cent or  less.     Again,  if  for  the  above  sampling  it  were  observed  that  for  6.3  per- 
cent of  the  boys  the  second  year  high  school  was  the  last  school  grade  com- 
pleted, and  that  for  1.4  percent  of  the  boys  sickness  was  the    (reported)    cause 
for  leaving  school,  and  that  for  9.8  percent  of  the  boys  $18  was  the   (reported) 
beginning  weekly  wage,  and  that  2  percent  left  school  at  the  age  of   13  years, 
the  average  person  would  be  far  from  ready  to  accept  these  as  anything  like  the 
approximate  proportions  that  would  be  observed  in  the  total  group. 

2.  Many   will   Avelcome    the   evidence   afforded  by   an   empirical    study   which 
recently  came  to  light  in  the  form  of  a  test  case  which  is  none  the  less  valid  for 
having  been  made  somewhat  clandestinely  by  a  group  of  skeptics.     On  December 
3,  1918,  the  Vocational  Bureau  of  the  New  York  State  Military  Training  Com- 
mission  received    a   questionnaire   card  from   each   of   the    6,468   emploved   bovs 
16,    17    and    18   years    old    in    the    city   of    Buffalo.      About    275    public    school 
teachers  filled  out  the  cards  for  the  boys.     The  like  was  done  in  every  part  of 
the  State,  and  in  order  to  avoid  the  tremendous  task  of  handling  so  many  cards, 
the   director   of   the  bureau,   Howard   G.   Burdge,   gave   orders   that   in    certain 
units  random  samplings  be  taken  which  were  to  be  studied  in  lieu  of  the  total 
number  of  cards  for  such  units.     The  group  of  subordinates  in  charge  of  the 
Buffalo  cards  was  so  skeptical  that  some  of  its  members  determined,  sub  rosa, 
to  test  the  wisdom  of  Mr.  Burdge's  economy. 

3.  Accordingly,  the  6,468  cards  were  put  'into  strict  alphabetical  order,  and 
every  fourth  card  extracted.      The   extracted   cards,   constituting  25    percent  of 
the  total,  were  sorted  and  tabulated  with  Hollerith  machines.     Then  the  remain- 
ing cards,  constituting  75  percent  of  the  total,  were  run  thru  the  machines  for 


OUR  BOYS 


similar  sorting  and  tabulation.  Finally,  all  cards  were  thrown  together  and 
the  total  6,468  cards  were  put  thru  the  machines.  The  results  were  placed 
in  parallel  columns  as  below.  The  agreement  illustrated  ought  to  put  an  end  to 
heresy.  It  is  noteworthy  that  even  in  the  items  involving  small  numbers  of 
cards,  the  proportions  in  the  three  groups  are  almost  identical,  clearly  demon- 
strating the  sagacity  of  Mr.  Burdge's  judgment  in  the  matter. 

TABLE  No.  X 

Results  of  Random  Sampling  as  shown  in  six  of  the  items  studied  in  Buffalo. 


Item   I  — 

Guardian 
of  Boy 

Father    83.4 

Mother    .  13.3 


Percent  of  enrollment—^ 


75 
82.4 
14.1 


100 

82.4 
13.9 


Uncle    

.6 

.6 

.6 

Aunt   
Stepfather    .  .  . 
Stepmother    .  . 
Brother     
Sister    

.4 
.7 
.2 
.5 
.2 

.2 
.9 
.1 
.5 
.3 

.2 
.9 
.2 
.5 

.4 

Headmaster  or 
matron 

Grandparents.  . 
Others  not  re- 
related    
No   answer.  .  .  . 

.6 

.1 

.7 
.04 

.1 

.  7 
.02 

Item  II  — 
No.  Children 
in  Family 
One    

6.3 

6.3 

6.3 

Two    

11.3 

11.0 

1  1.7 

Three    
Four    

14.8 
13.6 

13.7 
14.4 

13.9 
14.2 

Five     
Six     

14.3 
11.9 

14.6 
12.6 

14.5 
12.4 

Seven    

9.8 

10.5 

10.3 

Eight 

8  1 

7.2 

7.4 

Nine    
Ten 

4.2 

3  0 

4.1 

2   7 

4.2 

•    2   8 

Eleven  or  more 
No    answer.  .  .  . 

2.7 

2.0 
.04 

2.2 

.03 

Item  III- 
Reason  for 
Leaving  School 
Financial    .... 
Wanted    to 
work    
Sick 

9.1 

68.4 
1  4 

10.1 

69.4 
1  2 

9.9 

69.0 
1.3 

Graduated    .  .  . 
Miscellaneous. 
Disliked  school 

12.2 
.6 

8.3 

11.0 
.3 
7.9 

11.4 
.3 

8.0 

Item  IV  — 
Age  Leaving  <- 
School 
Ten    years    or 
under  or  no 
answer    .... 
Eleven  . 

-Percent  of  enrollment—, 
25             75         100 

.8             .7           .8 
.2              .1            .2 
.6              .5            .5 
2.0           1.9         1.9 
31.6         30.1       30.4 
36.9         37.3       37.1 
21.5         23.5       22.9 
5.5           5.0         5.2 
.9              .9            .9 

Twelve    . 

Thirteen    . 

Fourteen     .... 
Fifteen        .... 

Sixteen    

Seventeen    .... 
Eighteen  

Item  V  — 
Last  Grade 
Completed 
Fourth     grade 
or   under    or 
no   answer.  . 
Fifth  grade  .  .  . 
Sixth  grade  .  .  . 
Seventh    grade 
Eighth  grade  .  . 
1st  yr.  H.  S... 
2nd  yr.  H.  S  .  . 
3rd  yr.  H.  S  .  . 
4th  yr.  H.  S  .  . 
Business  school 

2.1 
3.2 
14.5 
19.7 
23.7 
23.8 
6.3 
1.7 
1.8 
3.2 

2.2 

3.4 
13.5 
20.3 
26.9 
20.4 
6.2 
2.2 
1.4 
3.3 

2.2 
3.4 
13.8 
20.2 
26.1 
21  .2 
6*2 
2.0 
1.5 
3.3 

Item    VI  — 
Bee/inning 
Weekly  Waqe 
$3.00    ...... 
6  .  00    
9  00     

10.1 
17.4 
13.8 
11.2 
14.5 
9.8 
7.7 
5.6 
2.8 

7.1 

8.6 
18.0 
15.1 
10.9 
14.4 
9.4 
7.6 
4.7 
3.6 

7.7 

8.9 
17.9 
14.8 
10.9 
14.4 
9.5 
7.6 
4.9 
3.4 

7'6 

12.00    
15.00    
18.00     
21  00 

24  .  00    
27  .  00    
More  than  $27 
No   answer.  .  .  . 

4.  These  parallel  columns  afford  material  for  studying  the  reliability  of  the 
percentile  method.     The  standard  deviation  of  the  difference  of  two  proportions 


for  independent  events  is  given  by  the  formula:     cdp  -\  I—9  -|-  ^-       The    results 

given  by  it  can  be  tested  by  calculating  the  actual  S.  D.s  of  the  difference 
between  columns  I  and  II  of  Table  X  for  definite  percentile  ranges.  This  has 
been  done  roughly  with  results  as  given  in  Table  Y. 


OUR  BOYS  29 

The  values  in  the  S.  D.  column  are  TABLE  Y 

obtained  by  distributing  the  differences       STANDABD  DEVIATION  OF  THE  DIFFER- 

of  the  proportions  within  the  percentile          ENCES  OB  PROPORTIONS  EMPIRICALLY 
range   indicated   at   the   left,    and   cal-           AND  THEORETICALLY  DERIVED. 

culating  the  second  moment  in  the  or-        Proportion     Actual  S.  D.  pq/n-p'q'/n' 

dinary    way,    assuming    M  =  0.      The           50-65                  1.78  1.43 

values   in    the   third   column   were   ob-            65-75                  2.15  1.316 

tained   by   taking   p  =  p'   midpoint    of            75-85                   1.756  1.149 

percentile  range  indicated  at  left,  p  =  p'            85-90                   1 . 288  . 950 

(1  —  p),  n  =  7617  and  n' =  4851.                   90-94                  1.259  .778 

94-98                    .7865  .596 

97-985                  .3937  .426 

985-995                   .2816  .252 

995-998                  .1948  .1675 

998-999                  .0913  

9994-99*97        . 0946 


It  will  be  observed  that  the  actual  S.  D's.  are  consistently  larger  than  the 
theoretical.  This  is  due  partly  to  the  roughness  of  the  calculations  in  both 
columns,  partly  to  the  slight  inaccuracies  involved  in  carrying  the  original 
proportions  to  one  decimal  only,  partly  to  slight  error  introduced  by  assum- 
ing M  =  O  in  calculating  the  actual  S.  D.'s  and  laregly  to  the  fact  that  275 
relatively  untrained  teachers  made  out  the  cards.  The  variability  in  their 
interpretations  of  answers  to  such  questions  as  "  Why  did  you  leave  school  ?", 
"Age  at  leaving  school?",  "Last  grade  completed?",  etc.,  would  justify  reduc- 
ing the  denominator  in  the  formula  adp  \  JEB.  4.  ^  quite  considerably,  so 

\  n        n1 

as  to  increase  the  theoretical  S.  D.  systematically.  Another  influence  which 
makes  for  a  consistent  difference  in  favor  of  the  actual  S.  D.  values  is  the 
inadvertent  weighting  of  various  differences  of  proportions  by  the  repetition 
of  sortings  involving  practically  the  same  (or  dependent)  elements;  this  is 
notably  the  case  in  the  second  actual  S.  D.  value  —  2.15.  This  vitiation  crept 
in  before  the  fact  of  repeated  or  correlated  sortings  was  noticed.  It  must  be 
noted  also  that  in  deriving  these  actual  S.  D.  values,  n  was  quite  small  in  the 
larger  percentile  ranges. 

On  the  whole  the  roughness  of  these  calculations  does  not  hide  the  very  strong 
and  unequivocal  support  afforded  by  empirical  facts  for  the  theoretical  reliability 
of  the  percentile  method  of  truly  random  sampling. 

BEtf  D.  WOOD. 

Columbia  University. 

Over  10,000  additional  personal  interviews  made  by  field  staff 

Previous  to  the  State-wide  enrollment  conducted  by  the  teachers 
of  the  State  over  10,000  personal  interviews  with  boys  were  made 
by  the  eighteen  field  inspectors  connected  with  the  Vocational 
Bureau,  in  the  shops,  manufacturing  plants  and  other  firms  employ- 
ing boys  in  a  large  number  of  city,  village  and  rural  communities., 
so  selected  as  to  cover  industries  of  all  types  in  all  sections  of  the 
State.  These  inspectors  were  all  technically  trained  men  experienced 
in  dealing  with  boys  in  educational  and  industrial  work.  Many  of 
them  had  also  completed  courses  in  employment  management.  Five 
of  the  group,  who  were  graduates  of  agricultural  colleges,  conducted 
personal  interviews  with  every  farm  boy  in  Livingston  county.  The 


SO  OUR  BOYS 

questionnaires  used  in  these  personal  interviews  contained  practically 
the  same  questions  as  those  used  in  the.  State-wide  enrollment  con- 
ducted by  the  teachers.  Exhibit  F  shows  the  questionnnaire  used 
and  exhibit  G  shows  the  location  on  the  map  of  the  various  communi- 
ties surveyed  by  the  inspectors.  The  information  gained  in  these  per- 
sonal interviews  verified  in  every  respect  the  accuracy  of  the  infor- 
mation obtained  by  the  teachers  in  the  State-wide  enrollment  and 
forms  a  very  valuable  check  on  the  accuracy  of  their  work. 


OUR  BOYS 


31 


«! 

CO  7 

1     4 

S     -r 


xj 


*t  . 


Ill 

1 


\ 


1 


i 

< 


V 


s 


f 


\ 

V 


0> 


OUR  BOYS 


EXHIBIT  G. 


Showing  the  location  of  various  cities,  villages  ana  rarul 
coanunltt**  covered  by  the  fieia  staff  who  held  personal 
interviews  witn  over  10,400  boys  at  t/iair  places  of 
emj«lovn»:it. 


Fourteen  cities  over  , 25,000 
Eighteen  cities  under  25,000 
Ten        villages  Over  5,000 
Thirty  villages  under  5,000 
All   far*  boys  in  Livingston  County 


OUR  BOYS 


CHAPTER  II 
Enrollment  Statistics 

The  estimated  population  of  sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen  year 
old  boys  in  the  State  of  New  York  on  December  3,  1918,  was  264,000. 
These  estimates  were  based  on  the  Federal  census  of  1910  and  the 
annual  growth  as  shown  by  the  State  census  of  1915.  The  enroll- 
ment of  sixteen  and  seventeen  year  old  boys  was  considerably  larger 
than  of  the  eighteen  year  old  boys.  See  table  No.  2-D  in  the  text. 
This  can  be  accounted  for  in  some  degree  by  the  fact  that  a  large 
number  of  eighteen  year  old  boys  were  with  the  American  Expedi- 
tionary Forces  and  had  not  yet  been  demobilized.  It  is  also  probable 
that  eighteen  year  old  boys,  who  within  a  short  time  were  to  become 
nineteen  years  of  age  failed  to  respond  to  the  call  of  the  Governor. 
Diagram  A  and  ta'ble  No.  1-D  in  the  text,  show  the  number  and  per- 
cent of  boys  enrolled  by  age  groups.  They  also  show  the  number  of 
school  boys  and  employed  boys  enrolled  and  not  enrolled.  Tables  No. 
1-A  to  2-F  inclusive,  in  the  appendix,  show  the  enrollment  in  detail 
for  the  individual  cities  and  villages  of  the  State.  Tables  No.  4  and 
6  show  the  number  of  employed  boys  enrolled  and  the  number  of 
cards  tabulated  for  each  city  and  village. 

Practically  all  school  boys  were  enrolled 

The  fact  that  the  school  authorities  of  the  State  strictly  enforced 
the  law  compelled  a  very  complete  enrollment  of  the  sixteen,  seven- 
teen and  eighteen  year  old  school  boys.  The  boys  who  did  not  enroll 
were  those  who  were  not  attending  school.  This  number  is  not  exces- 
sively large  when  it  is  remembered  that  a  large  number  of  these  boys 
were  still  in  the  army. 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Boys 

PERCENT  OF  BOYS  IN  AND  OUT  OF  SCHOOL  AND  TOTAL,  ENROLLMENT 
TABLE  No.  1-D  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

Popula- 
tion of 
boys 

Total 
enroll- 
ment 

Percent 
enrolled 

School 
boy 
enroll- 

Percent 
in 
•school 

Per- 
cent 
out  of 

8C    OO 

Greater  New  York.... 
Cities  over  25,000  

142,472 
50,529 

100,252 
34,830 

70.4 
68.9 

17,593 
7,648 

12.4 
15.1 

87.6 
84.9 

Cities  under  25,000  .  .  . 
Villages  over  5,000  
Places  under  5,000  

13,982 
7,967 
49,050 

10,518 
6,686 
33,774 

75.2 
83.9 
68.8 

2,746 
2,189 
7,959 

19.7 
27.4 
16.2 

80.3 
72.6 
83.8 

Total  

264,000 

186,060 

70.5 

38,135 

14.4 

85.6 

34 


CUB  BOYS 


PERCENT  OF  SIXTEEN,  SEVENTEEN  AND  EIGHTEEN  YEAR  OLD  BOYS 

IN  AND  OUT  OF  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.  2  —  SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

PERCENT    OUT    OF 
SCHOOL 

PERCENT  IN  SCHOOL 

Total 
number 
of  boys 
in  each 
age 
group 

Total 
popula- 
tion of 
boys 

Age 

Age 

16 

17 

18 

16 

17 

18 

Greater  New  York     . 

79.3 
75.5 
67.4 
52.1 

72.7 

89.0 
85.8 
83.0 
75.4 
86.6 

94.7 
93.0 
90.7 
90.0 
92.0 

20.7 
24.5 
32.6 
47.9 
27.3 

11.0 
14.2 
17.0 
24.6 
13.4 

5.3 
7.0 
9.3 
10.0 
8.0 

47,490 
16,843 
4,661 
2,656 
16,350 

142,472 
50,529 
13,982 
7,967 
49,050 

Cities  over  25,000  
Cities  under  25,000 

Villages  over  5,000  
Places  under  5,000.  . 

Total  

76.0 

87.2 

93.5 

24.0 

12.8 

6.5 

88,000 

264,000 

PERCENT  OF  ALL  .SIXTEEN,  SEVENTEEN  AND  EIGHTEEN  YEAR  OI.P 

BOYS  RESPECTIVELY  WHO  ENROLLED  ON  DECEMBER  3,  1918 

TABLE  No.  2-D  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


Number 

GROUPS 

16 
years 

17 

years 

18 
years 

Popula- 
tion of 
boys 

of 
employed 
boys 

Total 
per  cent 
enrolled 

enrolled 

Greater  New  York  

Per  cent 
92.8 

Per  cent 
78.5 

Per  cent 
29.7 

142,472 

100,252 

70.4 

Cities  over  25,000  

81.3 

70.2 

50.9 

50,529 

34,830 

68.9 

Cities  under  25,000  

88.6 

73.9 

61.3 

13,982 

10,518 

75.2 

Villages  over  5,000  

100.0 

93.0 

66.5 

7,967 

6,686 

83.9 

Places  under  5,000  

98.8 

82.9 

64.0 

49,050 

33,774 

68.8 

Total  

91.7 

77.7 

41.9 

264,000 

186,060 

70.5 

OUR  BOYS 


35 


Total  264,000 


Total  186,060 


1.  Snowlnc  the  number  of  all  16',  17  »nd  18     2.  Showing  the  number  of  each  nge  group 
year  old  boy§  in  the  state  that  enrolled.       that  enrolled. 


Total  33,136 


Total   225,865 


3*  Showing  the  nunber  of  school  boys  tliat       4.  Showing  the  nuirber  of  boys  out  of 
enrolled.  school  that  enrolled, 

DIAGRAM  A 

Detailed  enrollment  of  school  boys 

Table  No.  2  in  the  text  shows  the  percent  of  boys  of  each  age  in 
and  out  of  school  for  the  city  and  village  groups.  Tables  No.  2-A, 
2-B  and  2-C  in  the  appendix  show  the  enrollment  of  school  boys  by 
age  groups  for  the  individual  cities  and  villages  of  the  State.  Dia- 
gram B  shows  the  percent  of  all  the  boys  in  the  State  of  each  age 
group  in  and  out  of  school.  It  also  points  out  very  clearly  the  rapid 
elimination  of  boys  still  in  school.  At  age  sixteen  about  three  out 
of  four  boys  are  out  of  school.  At  age  seventeen,  seven  out  of  eight 
are  out  of  school  and  at  age  eighteen,  fifteen  out  of  sixteen  are  out 
of  school.  See  Diagram  C. 


36 


OTJB  BOYS 


18  year 

DIAGRAM  B  SHOWING  THE  PERCENT  OF  BOYS  OF  EACH  AGE  GROUP  IN  AND  OUT  OF 

SCHOOL 


DIAGRAM  C 

OUT    OF    EVERY    SEVEN    SCHOOL    BOYS    FOUR    ARE    SIXTEEN,   TWO  ARE  SEVENTEEN  AND 

ONE  IS  EIGHTEEN 

The  majority  of  these  boys  are  out  of  school 

Table  'No.  1-D  above,  shows  that  the  percent  of  sixteen,  seventeen 
and  eighteen  year  old  boys  out  of  school  is  higher  in  Greater  New 
York  than  in  the  other  city  and  village  groups.  In  Greater  New 
York  87.6  percent  are  out  of  school  as  compared  with  only  72.6 


OUR  BOYS 


37 


percent  in  villages  over  5,000.  The  State  average,  however,  is 
85.6  percent.  In  other  words  about  six  out  of  every  seven  of  these 
boys  are  out  of  school. 


DIAGRAM  D 

SIX    OUT    OF    EVERY    SEVEN    ARE    OUT    OF    SCHOOL 


Stale   Total 
100* 


State  Tot*l 
100^ 


77.7% 

In  places  of  5,000 
or  more   population 


Percent  of  Population  living  in  Urban  and  Rural  Communities 
DIAGRAM  E 

The  majority  of  boys  live  in  urban  communities 

Diagram  E  shows  that  77.7  percent  of  the  boys  live  in  places  of 
5,000  or  more  population.  In  all  of  these  communities  there  is  a 
superintendent  of  schools  and  a  well  organized  public  school  system. 
Another  six  percent  lived  in  incorporated  villages  under  5,000.  In 
most  of  these  communities  there  is  a  union  high  school  in  charge 
of  a  supervising  principal.  Only  16.3  percent  of  the  boys  attended 
strictly  rural  schools.  While  the  solution  of  the  rural  school  problem 
is  of  tremendous  importance  it  is  encouraging  to  note  that  in  compari- 
son with  other  states  such  a  small  percentage  of  the  population  of 
the  State  of  New  York  is  educated  in  the  rural  school.  The  above 
information  is  based  on  the  1915  State  census. 


OUR  BOYS 

CHAPTER  III 
Nationality 


DIAGRAM  F 
IN  GREATER  NEW  YORK  ONE  BOY  OUT  OF  FIVE  is  FOREIGN  BORN 


DIAGRAM  G 
IN  GREATER  NEW  YORK  THREE  BOYS  OUT  OF  FIVE  HAVE  BOTH  PARENTS  FOREIGN  BORN 


DIAGRAM  H 
]N  GREATER  NEW  YORK  six  OUT  OF  TEN  BOYS  HAVE  TWO  FOREIGN  PARENTS;  ONE 

OUT    OF    TEN    HAS    ONE    PARENT    FOREIGN    BORN;    THREE    HAVE    TWO    AMERICAN 
PARENTS 

There  are  more  boys  of  foreign  birth  in  the  cities 

Charts  No.  3,  3-A  and  3-B  and  tables  No.  3  in  the  text,  and  3-A, 
3-B  and  3-C  in  the  appendix,  give  the  data  with  regard  to  the  country 
of  birth  of  the  employed  boys  and  show  that  in  general  the  popula- 
tion of  foreign  boys  is  much  greater  in  large  cities  than  in  rural 
communities.  There  is,  however,  no  direct  correlation  between  popu- 


OUR  BOYS  39 

lation  and  the  percentage  of  foreign  born  boys  in  the  case  of  indi- 
vidual cities.  The  foreign  population  of  smaller  cities  and  villages 
varies  widely  as  to  nationality  because  the  type  and  percentage  of 
foreigners  in  any  given  city  or  village  is  determined  largely  by  the 
type  of  employment  offered.  In  many  of  our  smaller  cities  and  vil- 
lages the  foreign  element  is  predominantly  of  the  unskilled  labor 
class,  whose  interest  in  education  is  not  very  great.  Later  studies 
in  the  report  show  that  the  type  rather  than  the  percent  of  foreign 
population  should  be  taken  into  consideration  when  making  com- 
parisons between  schools  and  school  systems.  For  example,  while 
the  percentage  of  foreign  population  in  Greater  New  York  is  very 
high  it  is  of  a  very  cosmopolitan  character  and  the  unskilled  labor 
element  is  not  so  predominant  as  is  the  case  in  many  of  the  smaller 
cities  and  villages  of  the  State. 

Very  few  foreign  born  boys  on  farms 

It  is  significant  that  only  three  percent  of  the  employed  farm  boys 
are  foreign  born.  While  an  average  of  about  ten  percent  of  the 
boys  in  all  other  communities  of  the  State  outside  of  Greater  New 
York  are  foreign  born,  in  Greater  New  York  where  fifty-four  percent 
of  the  boy  population  of  the  State  is  found,  twenty  percent  of  the 
boys  are  of  foreign  birth.  Charts  ^N"o.  3,  3-A  and  3-B  show  quite  a 
wide  variation  in  the  percent  of  foreign  born  boys  found  in  the 
individual  cities  and  villages  of  the  State. 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BIRTH  AND  PARENTAGE 
TABLE  No.   3  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 


BIRTH 


American 
boys 


Foreign 
boys 


AMERICAN  BOYS 


Two 

American 
parents 


One 

American 
parent 


Two 

foreign 
parents 


FOREIGN 
BOYS 


Two 
foreign 
parents 


Popula- 
tion of 
employe 
boys 


Greater  New  York 

Cities  over  25,000 

Cities  under  25,000 

Villages  over  5,000 

Places  under  5,000 

Employed  farm  boys 


80.0 
87.6 
91.5 
90.3 
94.2 
97.0 


20.0 
12.4 
8.5 
9.7 
5.8 
3.0 


27.0 
44.1 
59.4 
57.5 
66.4 
76.7 


10.5 
13.7 
11.0 
10.6 
10.9 
9.7 


42.5 
29.8 
21.1 
22.2 
16.9 
10.6 


20.0 
12.4 
8.5 
9.7 
5.8 
3.0 


124,795 

42,690 

11,014 

5,557 

J41.809 


SUMMAEZ  FOB  HBW  TOBK  3TAT3 
30%         40%         50%         60%        70% 


80% 


10«% 


Greater  tfew  York..., 
Cities  orer  25,000.. 
Cities  under  25,000, 
Villages  over  5,000. 
Fleces  under  5,000., 
Anployed  fam  boys., 


Cities  over  25,000 


1  Niagara  Palis.., 

2  Bew  York 

3  Jaochester. ... . . 

4  Utica 

5  Amsterdam...... 

6  Jamestown, ...... 

7  Auburn , 

8  Scheneotadv . . . .  .^jj^fM 

9  So*  Jioohelle HM^^ 

10  He*burgh mm^mi —  — 

11  Mount  Verno !!....••••• 

12  Syracuse. •••" 

13  Wat  art  own ••••" 

14  Buffald ••• ......._ 

15  Blngnaarton. m^T 

16  PoupfrkeeT>sie« ..•••• — 

17  lonkers m^f :  =  ....-_ 

18  Albany wmr 

19  Oswego ^l^r- 

20  Kingston JHI 

21  Iroy •  !  :  :  "" 

22  aimira B"      '  '  '  '  '  '  '  ~ 

0%          10%        20%        30%        40%        50%         60%         70%        80%        90^ 
•••    Foreign  born  boys   i          i   American  born  boys 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BOYS  OF  AMERICAN  AND  FOREIGN  BIBTH 
Chart   No.    3. —  State   Summary   and   Cities   over  25,000 


100% 


OUR  BOYS  41 


9%         10%        M%        »%        «%        »%        «>%        70%        80%        90% 


Johnstcnm* 


lorth  Tom»anda.J 
(tontva  ..........  1 

10  Little  fells....! 

U  Diuncizk.  ........  ! 

12  Baaooiu.  •••••••.< 

U  White  Plains....; 

14  OohoM  ......  ....< 

15  Caaandaigua.  .  .  .  .  I 

16  Tonawaudfl.......< 

17  Ogdenabuig..4...  j 

18  lorwioh  .........  J 

19  Olean  ...........  , 

20  Badaon..........j 

21  Ithaoa  ..........  j 

22  Oneida  ..........  J 

23  Watjrvllot  ......  J 

M  Saxfitoga  3prlngsa 

25  Corning.........  ' 

26  Salamanca.  ....... 

27  Pulton.  .........  . 

21  pert  Chester..... 

29  Lookport  ......... 

90  Oneonta....  ...... 

31  Middletovn  ....... 

52  Hornell  ........  ., 

35  Oortland  ........  , 

34  (Hans  £&lla«....< 

35  Plattsbiirg......  , 

36  flraaielaer.  .....  , 


0%          W%        »%        30%        40%        S0%        »%        70%        fl»%        90%      W0% 

Foreign  born  boys     t j   American  born  boys 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
'  BOYS  OF  AMERICAN  AND  FOREIGN  BIRTH 
Chart  No.  3A.— Cities  under  25,000 


42 


OUR  BOYS 


20%        30%        40%        50% 


70%        80%        90%       100% 


1  Lawrence  • 

2  Mas s ens, 

8  Hezklmer. 

4  fort  Chester. 

5  Depew 

6  aeneca 

7  Sevark 

8  Jib ion. 

9  Solvay. 

10  Port  Washington..! 

11  Endlcott | 

12  Patchogua | 

12  Paon^an 1 

14  Vaterford*. ••••••] 

16  Mamaroneok. ...... I 

16  Dredonia I 

17  Mtdonia I 

15  Vhitehall I 

19  Eastings | 

20  Ossinine 1 

21  Hempatead ..] 

22  Horth  Tarry  town..! 

23  Walden j 

24  Saranao  Lake..... I 

25  Baverstraw i 

26  Hossick  jails....] 

27  llion 1 

28  Hunting  on. 

29  lialone.. ^   ...... 

50  Peekskill ••''''"' 

31  aaclcville  Cantar.lM'       '  '  ''.  '.  .        ^ 

32  Hyaok •! 

33  Lancaster. •'''''     ~ 

34  Zarrytovn. B 

35  Catsklll • 

36  WtfLlsTrille.. M        ''  ''  ''  :  ''        ~-~ 

37  a^son  Tails m         ''  '  ' 

38  Johnson  City -»  ...  .     .     "" 

39  Treeport *  ""• 

40  W%rerly ^  [           |  '            '           ' 

41  Onego i  '            '            ' 

0%         10%        M%        30%        40%        50%        60% 
•B1B1    Foreign  born  boys        '          i   American  born  boys 


70%>        80%        90%      100% 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BOYS  OF  AMERICAN  AND  FOREIGN  BIRTH 

Chart  No.  SB.— Villages  over  5,000 


OUR  BOYS  43 

There  are  many  foreign  parents  in  large  cities 

Charts  No.  3-C,  3-D,  3-E  and  3-F  and  tables  No.  3  in  the  text, 
and  3-A,  3-B  and  3-C  in  the  appendix,  show  the  number  of  boys  hav- 
ing American  and  foreign  parentage  in  the  various  city  and  village 
groups,  and  also  in  the  individual  cities  and  villages  of  the  State. 
A  comparison  of  the  various  city  and  village  groups  as  shown  on 
chart  No.  3-C  and  table  No.  3  shows  that  the  percent  of  boys  having 
two  American  parents  increases  quite  regularly  from  twenty-seven 
percent  in  the  case  of  Greater  New  York  to  76.7  percent  in  the 
farm  boy  group.  There  is  also  a  very  noticable  correlation  between 
the  population  of  the  various  groups  and  the  number  of  foreign  born 
boys  and  parents.  It  is  interesting  to  note: 

1.  That  only  twenty-seven  percent  of  the  employed  boys  of  Greater 
New  York  have  two  American  born  parents. 

2.  Sixty-two  and  five-tenths  percent  have  two  foreign  born  parents. 

3.  Ten  and  five-tenths  percent  have  one  foreign  born  parent. 

4.  Seventy-three  percent  have  either  one  or  both  parents  foreign 
born. 

5.  One  out  of  every  five  boys  is  foreign  born. 

6.  Three  out  of  every  five  boys  have  both  parents  foreign  born. 

7.  One  boy  out  of  ten  has  one  foreign  and  one  American  born 
parent. 

SUWABI  FOB  TOT  YOBC  StAEI 

•%          10%         20%         30%         40%         50%         60%         70%         80%         *»%        100% 

Greater  Hew 


Cities  OTer  25,000..! 
Cities  under  25,000.] 
Places  orer  5,000...] 

Places  Tinder  5,000..] 
fsarm  boys..] 


•%         10%        »%        30%        40%        50%        40%        70%        80%        90%      100% 
American  born  boys  with  two  Amerkan  parents. 
American  born  boys  with  one  American  parent. 
American  born  boys  with  two  foreign  parents. 
Foreign  born  boys  with  two  foreign  parents. 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PARENTS  OF  AMERICAN  AND  FOREIGN  BIRTH 

Chart  No.  3C. —  State  Summary 


OUR  BOYS 


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II  111  Ila  iliil  tiM  il  II  a 

iltllM 

Ihliii 


OUR  BOYS 


45 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PERCENT    OF    FOREIGN    BORN    FATHERS    MARRYING    INTO    EACH 

NATIONALITY 
TABLE  No.   3-D— GREATER  NEW  YORK  AND   CITIES  OVER   25,000 


MOTHER'S  BIRTHPLACE 

FATHER'S    BIRTHPLACE 

L 

aS 

1 

1 

L 

3 

c 

w 

j> 

D 

9 

c 

T3 

cs 

1 

g 

o, 

a 

^ 

3 

3 

'5 

c 

1 

.S 

| 

r> 

« 

"3 

"* 

'a 

i 

0 

1 

JS 

§ 

1 

1 

C 

W 

| 

1 

o 

§ 

£ 

Italy 

99  2 

2 

1 

1 

_ 

2 

100  0 

2  678 

Germany  

92.1 

.  5 

1.3 

2.7 

.5 

.2 

.5 

.3 

.1 

1.8 

100.0 

1,971 

2  1 

91  8 

4   1 

1  0 

8 

2 

100  0 

1,905 

Ireland  

.7 

.1 

95.8 

.1 

2.3 

.4 

.6 

100.0 

1,392 

Austria-Hungary   .... 

2  9 

4  1 

1 

')!   8 

5 

1 

.1 

.2 

2 

100  0 

130 

Poland  

q 

1.7 

1.2 

95.  8 

.4 

100.0 

721 

Scandinavia  .  . 

1  9 

2  2 

3 

92.8 

.3 

3 

2  2 

100  0 

363 

England  

5  fi 

4  3 

17  ? 

?  3 

6 

8  4 

1   7 

1   8 

100.0 

347 

Canada  .  .  . 

2  8 

13   1 

4.9 

77.7 

.5 

1.0 

100  0 

183 

Scotland 

.9 

23.1 

1.9 

5.6 

5.6 

62.0 

.9 

100.0 

108 

Sixteen f  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
PERCENT    OF    FOREIGN    BORN    MOTHERS    MARRYING    INTO    EACH 

NATIONALITY 
TABLE  No.  3-E  — GREATER  NEW  YORK  AND  CITIES  OVER  25,000 


FATHER'S  BIRTHPLACE 

MOTHER'S  BIRTHPLACE 

o] 

B 

H 

«9 

1 

"S 

£ 

>> 

c 

§ 

•a 

« 

3 
O 

6 

! 

Q 

3 
G 

jb 

3 

& 

0 

a 
£ 

§ 

i 

I 

1 

1 
1 

9 

1 

O 

1 

k 

1 

| 

Italy  
Germany  
Russia  
Ireland  
Austria-Hungary  
Poland.  .  

99.6 

3 

k 
Si 

i 

1  4 

90.  G 
.  5 
1.7 
3.9 
1.5 
.8 
3.2 
3.7 
2.3 

2.0 

94.6 

'5.8 
2.7 

's'.2 

'  .5 
.1 
S3.£ 

'".3 
11.2 

'i'.Q 

'i!9 

2.8 
.1 
88.0 
1.0 
.3 
.7 
1.1 

".3 
.6 

"!? 

S»4.6 

'".8 

"  .6 
.1 

*'A 

.6 

'ilo 

.8 
4.0 
.6 

70  !  5 
15.4 
7.0 

"!2 

3'.2 

75.  0 
1.1 

.6 
2.1 
3.2 

75.2 

.3 

2.8 
.  7 
1.3 

3!l 
2.1 
1.0 
4.5 

100.0 
10J.U 
luO.O 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

1,844 
1,358 
731 
286 
1  ,498 
86 
35i) 
46 
189 
1,998 

England  

Scotland  

Most  foreigners  marry  into  their  own  nationality 

Tables  JSTo.  3-D  and  3-E  in  the  text  show  that  most  of  the  parents 
of  the  ten  largest  nationality  groups  of  Greater  New  York  and  the 


46  OUR  BOYS 

other  cities  over  25,000  population  marry  into  their  own  nationalities. 
The  English,  Canadians  and  Scotch  are  the  exceptions  to  this  rule. 
Less  than  one  percent  of  the  Italians  marry  into  other  nationalities. 
About  eight  percent  of  the  German  men  and  nine  percent  of  the 
German  women  marry  into  practically  all  other  nationalities.  The 
Russians,  most  of  whom  are  Hebrews,  do  not  marry  Italians,  Irish, 
Scandinavians,  Canadians  nor  iScotch.  This  is  probably  due  to.  the 
fact  that  they  marry  into  their  own  race  and  few  Hebrews  are  found 
in  the  nationalities  they  seem  to  avoid.  Ninety-six  percent  of  the 
Irish  men  marry  into  their  own  nationality  while  only  eighty-nine 
percent  of  the  Irish  women  marry  into  their  own  nationality.  The 
Austro-Hungarians  have  a  record  of  ninety-two  percent  for  the  men 
and  eighty-eight  percent  for  the  womsn,  the  rest  being  scattered 
among  all  nationalities.  About  ninety-five  percent  of  the  Poles 
marry  into  their  own  nationality,  the  remaining  few  marry  Germans, 
Russians  and  Austro-Hungarians.  About  ninety-four  percent  of  the 
Scandinavians  marry  into  their  own  nationality  and  the  others  are 
scattering.  Only  fifty-eight  percent  of  the  English  men  marry  Eng- 
lish women,  seventeen  percent  marry  Irish  women,  six  percent  marry 
German  women,  eight  percent  marry  Canadian  women  and  the  rest 
scattering.  Seventy  percent  of  the  English  women  marry  into  their 
own  nationality,  eleven  percent  marry  Irish,  three  percent  marry 
Germans,  five  percent  marry  Russians,  three  percent  marry  Cana- 
dians and  the  rest  scattering.  Seventy-eight  percent  of  the  Canadian 
men  marry  into  their  own  nationality,  thirteen  percent  marry  Irish, 
five  percent  marry  English  and  the  rest  scattering.  Seventy-five  per- 
cent of  the  Canadian  women  marry  Canadian  men,  fifteen  percent 
marry  English  men  and  the  rest  are  scattering.  Sixty-two  percent 
of  the  Scotch  men  marry  into  their  own  nationality  while  twenty- 
three  percent  of  them  marry  Irish  women.  Seventy-eight  percent  of 
the  Scotch  women  marry  Scotch  men,  seven  percent  marry  Irish, 
seven  percent  marry  English  and  the  rest  scattering. 

The  Italians,  who  have  the  highest  record  for  marrying  into  their 
own  nationality,  are  evidently  more  prone  to  colonize  in  this  country 
than  are  some  of  the  other  nationalities,  while  the  Germans  and  the 
inhabitants  of  the  British  Isles  and  'Canada  marry  into  many  dif- 
ferent nationalities. 


OUR  BOYS 


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OUR  BOYS 


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OUR  BOYS 


CHAPTER  IV 

Guardianship 


DIAGRAM  I 

ONLY  FOUR  BOYS  OUT  OF  FIVE  CLAIM  FATHER  AS  GUARDIAN 
Sixteen,,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

GUARDIANSHIP 

Boys  Naming  Father,  Mother  and  Others  as  Guardian 
TABLE  No.  4  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


OROT'PS 

GUARDIAN 

Total 

Popula- 
tion of 

Father 

Mother 

Others 

percent 

emplo  ed 
boys 

Greater  New  York  
Cities  over  25,000  

79.9 
81.1 

15.1 
13.4 

5.0 
5.5 

100.0 
100  0 

124,795 
42,690 

Cities  under  25,000  
Villages  over  5,000 

80.4 
82  5 

13.2 
12  0 

6.4 
5  5 

100.0 
100  0 

11,014 
5  557 

Places  under  5,000  
Employed  farm  boys 

84.0 
87  1 

10.8 
5  9 

5.2 
7  0 

100.0 
100  0 

27,280 
14  529 

Total     

225  865 

GREATER  NEW  YORK 


NATIONAI  ITY  GROUP*-* 

GUARDIAN 

Total 

Popula- 
tion of 

Father 

Mother 

Others 

percent 

employed 
boys 

American*    . 

73  7 

19  2 

7  1 

100  0 

33  695 

Mixedf 

80  9 

14  8 

4  3 

100  0 

66  141 

Foreign  j  

84  7 

10  9 

4  4 

100  0 

24,959 

Total  

79  9 

15  1 

5  0 

100  0 

124,795 

*  American  born  boys  with  both  parents  American  born. 

t  American  born  boys  with  one  or  both  parents  foreign  born. 

J  Foreign  born  boys  with  both  pareats  foreign  born. 


50  OUR  BQYS 

Fewer  fathers  are  named  as  guardians  in  large  cities 

Each  boy  was  asked  to  state  the  relationship  of  his  guardian  in 
case  it  was  other  than  father.  In  general  thruout  the  State  only 
four  out  of  five  boys  claimed  the  father  as  guardian  and  in  some 
cities  and  villages  only  seven  out  of  ten  claimed  the  father.  Chart 
No.  4  and  table  No.  4  in  the  text  show  that, 

1.  In  the  city,  village  and  farm  groups  there  is  some  correlation 
between  the  population  of  the  group  and  the  number  claiming  others 
than  the  father  as  guardian. 

2.  In  all  excepting  the  farm  group  the  percent  of  boys  claiming 
the  mother  as  guardian  and  the  percent  claiming  others  than  the 
parents  are  quite  uniform. 

3.  .In  the  farm  group  the  percent  claiming  others  than  the  parents 
is  larger  than  in  any  other  group  while  the  percent  claiming  the 
mother  is  smaller. 

4.  The  percent  of  farm  boys  claiming  the  father  is  much  larger 
than  in  any  other  group. 

The  following  reasons  may  help  to  explain  the  correlation  between 
population  and  the  number  claiming  others  than  the  father  as 
guardian  in  the  city,  village  and  farm  groups : 

1.  Orphaned  boys  and  fatherless  families  have  a  tendency  to  drift 
to  the  larger  centers  of  population  in  quest  of  employment. 

2.  "Wanderlust"  causes  some  boys  to  desert  the  home  and  seek 
employment  in  the  cities. 

3.  During  the  war  the  demand  for  labor  in  certain  cities  brought 
in  an  unusual  number  of  boys,  altho  there  is  no  real  reason  why 
these  boys  should  not  have  named  the  father  as  guardian. 

4.  In  the  larger  cities  the  struggle  to  meet  heavy  family  expenses 
together  with  the  allurements  of  the  city  and  the  absence  of  a  restrain- 
ing public  opinion  of  a  personal  nature,  such  as  is  found  in  a  small 
community,  may  cause  fathers  to  desert  their  families. 

5.  The  opposite  conditions  would  hold  on  farms  and  may  be  given 
as  a  reason  why  more  fathers  are  named  as  guardians  in  the  farm 
group. 

6.  The  relatively  large  percent  of  farm  boys  naming  some  one 
other  than  the  parents  is  probably  due  to  the  fact  that  orphanages 
place  many  boys  on  farms  for  adoption. 

7.  It  is  also  true  that  farm  life  is  of  such  a  character  that  few 


OUR  BOYS  51 

fatherless  families  could  successfully  carry  on  the  work  and  would 
naturally  move  off  the  farm. 

It  is  significant  that  more  than  twice  as  many  fathers  as  mothers 
were  reported  as  dead.  As  no  more  fathers  than  mothers  are  actually 
dead,  this  indicates  that  many  boys  were  told  the  father  was  dead 
as  an  easy  way  of  accounting  for  his  absence.  Many  boys  also 
stated  that  they  did  not  know  their  mother's  occupation  or  her 
whereabouts.  Whatever  may  be  the  underlying  causes  of  these  con- 
ditions, the  following  facts  are  outstanding  and  indicate  that  many 
of  our  employed  boys  lack  wise,  systematic  counsel  and  leadership : 

1.  One  boy  out  of  every  five  lacks  the  guidance  of  a  father. 

2.  One  boy  out  of  every  twenty  has  neither  father  nor  mother. 

Fewer  American  than  foreign  fathers  are  named  as  guardian 

Chart  ^N"o.  4  and  table  No.  4  in  the  text  also  show  that  in  Greater 
Xew  York  the  father  is  claimed  as  guardian  by 

73.3    percent    of    American    boys    with    two    American    born 

parents. 
80.9  percent  of  American  boys  with  one  or  both  foreign  born 

parents. 

84 . 7  percent  of  foreign  boys  with  two  foreign  born  parents. 
Two  of  several  reasons  that  can  be  given  to  explain  why  condi- 
tions are  worse  in  the  case  of  the  American  born  boys  than  those  of 
foreign  birth,  are: 

1.  The  American  fathers  and  boys  because  of  their  knowledge  of 
our  language  and  general  familiarity  with  routes  of  travel,  oppor- 
tunities for  employment,  etc.,  find  fewer  obstacles  in  the  way  of 
leaving  the  home  circle  in  quest  of  work. 

2.  Foreign  families  hold  a  tighter  rein  over  their  children,  requir- 
ing them  to  contribute  most,  if  not  all,  of  their  earnings  toward  the 
family  support.     This  lightens  the  financial  burdens  of  the  father 
and  when  not  carried  too  far  this  sort  of  team  work  also  makes  for 
familv  solidarity 


52 


OUR  BOYS 


SUMfABT  FOB  EEf  Y03K  SXiXB 
Moth**     I  wither 

30%. — 40%         50%         60%         70%         80%         9070 


Greater  New  fork....! 
Cities  over  25,000.. j 
Cities  wider  25,000.] 
Ti llages  OTer  5,000.] 
Places  wider  5,000. .] 
Bnployed  far»  boys. 


Greater  Sew  York 


I  a-™***** •HllBfflHF"^™^        .          .-          . 

Mixed. •ff^PPBBT  ;  r 

foreign BHBMi 

Cities  over  26,000 

1  Albany... ^BMJBITMBIBBMir  . 

2  Troy •BIBHJHCZZZZZZ^Z^ZZZZZZZZZ 

Singh-Bait  on  •  •  •  •  •  •  ••BBBBHHT"""""""' 

iwrtmr^i ••••I  :  :  :         ~ — 

lew  York •«••••• ; —  '_  '  ' 

JBlaira Ml  •••II 

^ ijaraaaay 

Sohen«ot«4y 
10 
11 

12  Kingston. 

18  Bftobester 

14  Oswego. 

15  Ho^nt  Ysraon...., 

16  Buffalo 

17  Utiea 

It  Sew  itochslle. . . . . 
I*  TMters 

20  Pcrughkeepsio.... 

21  mbura. 

22  Hiagara  Vails 

••i  ifl%         20%         30%         «%         50%         60%         70%         80%         90% 

X-iaerican  born  boys  with  Aneriofm  born  parents. 
I3C  IsnrlcaA  born  boys  with  ibreiea  born  er  sized  parents. 
/U  foreign  bom  boys  with  foreign  bom  parents. 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BOYS  NAMING  FATHER,  MOTHER  AND  OTHERS  AS  GUARDIANS 

Chart  Xo.  4. —  State  Summary  and  Cities  over  25,000 


OUR  BOYS 


53 


0% 


*0% 


Ittlwr 


s 

809?— -^attii^KH 


1  lorwlolu 
2 


4  Glen* 

5  Waterrllet 

6  Hornell 

7  Salamanca. «..«•••< 

8  Cohoes... 

9  Port  Jerris. ••*••! 

10  Little  fclli J 

11  Beacon ....I 

12  Jtensselaor •  ••••»•] 

13  Ithaca ..., 

14  jftllt OH* •  •*•••*•••< 

15  Johnstown »«j 

16  Hudson...... I 

17  Onaonta«. ...... ..I 

19  Genera.. .....••••| 

20  Saratoga  Springs. 1 

21  OlMn. 1 

22  White  Plains I 

23  Glover«rille....«l 

24  Ogdensburg.......J 

25  Dunkirk I 

27  Lac  la  wanna*. .....( 

2t  Cortl&nd. •{ 

29  Corning.... | 

30  Bataria | 


32  cmeida  ........... 

33  Glen  Cove........ 

34  £onawanda  ....... 

35  PLattsburg......< 

36  north  Toua«and&«< 


e% 


100% 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BOYS  NAMING  FATHER,  MOTHER  AND  OTHERS  AS  GUARDIANS 

Chart  No.  4A.  —  Cities  under  25,000 


54  OUR  BOYS 

fethar  I 


0%          \fb         »%        3»%    _&#, §•%         «•%        70% 

Center. 
2  Hooslck 
j  Sarajaac 

4  Owego 1 

5  Hudson  Pal  la ] 

6  Peek&ill I 

7  Catakill | 

0  Walden. 1 

10  Huntington ] 

11  Patchogua.. | 

12  Haver  straw ] 

13  Whitehall 1 

14  Hastings -.j 

15  Hanpstead 1 

16  Johnson  City 1 

17  HortH  Tarrytovra..| 

18  Hertclmer ..{ 

19  Waverly...., | 

20  Sowark. \ 

21  Haraaroneck....»««l 

22  Freeport •••••••••] 

23  11  ion. | 

24  Albion | 

25  ossining ....| 

26  rezm  Yan \ 

27  lialone j 

28  Tarrytown.,. •••••{ 

29  Masaena. ......... j 

30  Jfodloott | 

31  Seneoa  FaUs j 

32  Wellsville. 

33  Waterford.. •....., 

34  Port  Charter | 

35  Dep«w | 

36  Lancaster \ 

37  Fradonia ....j 

36  Medina < 

39  Pott  Washington*^ 

40  Lanrrenoe | 

41  .Solwy , 


M%     *•%     n% 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
BOYS  NAMING  FATHER,  MOTHER  AND  OTHERS  AS  GUARDIANS 
Chart  No.  4B.  —  Villages  over  5,000 


OUR  BOYS  55 

Some  cities  and  villages  have  very  poor  records 

Charts  No.  4-A  and  4-B,  and  tables  No.  4-A,  4-B  and  4-C  in  the 
appendix,  show  the  number  of  boys  claiming  the  father,  mother  and 
others  as  guardians  in  the  individual  cities  and  villages  of  the  State. 
Just  why  Albany,  Troy,  Binghamton,  Jamestown,  Norwich,  Rens- 
selaer,  Watervliet,  Hudson  Falls,  Catskill,  Kockville  Center,  Hunt- 
ington,  Whitehall,  Haverstraw  and  Hempstead  should  have  from 
nine  to  twenty  percent  of  their  boys  claiming  others  than  the  parents 
as  guardians  as  compared  with  from  five  to  six  percent  in  other 
places,  can  be  determined  only  by  a  study  of  local  conditions.  That 
such  conditions  exist  should  be  a  sufficient  incentive  to  prompt  local 
organizations  interested  in  community  welfare  work  to  seek  the  facts. 


56 


OUR  BOYS 


CHAPTER  V 
Size  of  Families 

There  are  many  families  with  four,  five  and  six  children 

Each  boy  was  asked  to  state  the  number  of  children  in  the  family 
and  the  number  of  children  older  than  himself.  Table  !N"o.  5  and 
chart  No.  5-A  give  the  comparative  sizes  of  families  in  the  city,  vil- 
lage and  farm  groups  and  show  that  there  are  many  families  of 
four,  five  and  six  children.  This  chart  is  derived  from  tables  No.  5 
in  the  text  (see  also  table  Jtfo.  5-D  in  the  text)  and  5-E,  5-F,  5-G,  5-H 
and  5-1  in  the  appendix.  In  Greater  New  York,  the  other  cities  over 
25,000  and  in  the  villages  over  5,000  there  are  slightly  more  families 
with  four  children.  In  the  employed  farm  boy  group  there  are 
exactly  as  many  boys  coming  from  families  of  three  children  as  there 
are  from  families  of  four  children.  In  the  cities  under  25,000  and 
places  under  5,000  there  are  slightly  more  families  with  three  chil- 
dren. In  general,  however,  there  is  not  very  much  difference  be- 
tween the  sizes  of  families  in  the  various  groups.  The  figures  from 
Greater  New  York,  which  has  more  boys  than  the  other  groups  com- 
bined, naturally  show  a  more  uniform  distribution. 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PERCENT  OF  BOYS  COMING  FROM  FAMILIES  OF  FROM  ONE  TO  TEN 

OR  MORE  CHILDREN 
TABLE  No.   5  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

NUMBER  OF  CHILDREN  IN  FAMILY 

""*»  ,;'** 

Total 
per 
cent 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10  + 

Greater  New  York  
Cities  over  25  000 

7.1 
7.1 
6.7 
7.5 
6.8 
6.6 

12.3 
12.8 
13.1 
12.8 
12.4 
12.3 

16.2 
15.3 
15.9 
14.9 
15.3 
14.8 

17.4 
15.4 
15.5 
16.6 
14.5 
14.8 

16.2 
14.3 
13.4 
13.0 
13.6 
13.2 

12.7 
12.3 
11.5 
12.7 
11.3 
11.0 

8.9 
9.2 
9.1 
8.2 
10.0 
9.2 

4.9 
6.4 
6.7 
5.8 
6.9 
6.5 

2.5 
3.9 
3.5 
4.2 
4.2 
5.0 

1.8 
3.3 
4.6 
4.3 
5.0 
6.6 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

Cities  under  25,000  
Villages  over  5,000  
Places  under  5,000  

Employed  farm  boys  

Foreign  families  are  larger  than  American  families 

Chart  ~No.  5-B  showing  the  sizes  of  families  of  boys  with  American 
parentage,  mixed  parentage  and  foreign  parentage,  both  in  Greater 
New  York  and  in  other  cities  over  25,000  was  derived  from  tables 


OUR  BOYS 


57 


No.  5-J,  5-K  and  5-L  in  the  text,  and  tables  No.  5-M,  5-N  and  5-O 
in  the  appendix.  In  the  case  of  the  American  born  boys  with 
American  born  parents  in  Greater  New  York  and  also  in  the  other 
cities  over  25/000  the  families  are  smaller  than  those  of  the  American 
born  boys  with  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  and  those  of  foreign  born 
boys  with  foreign  born  parents.  In  the  case  of  American  boys  with 
American  parents  the  median  boys  come  from  families  of  three  and 
four  children,  while  in  the  mixed  and  foreign  parentage  groups  the 
median  boy  comes  from  families  of  five  children.  These  facts  are 
important  because  of  the  prevailing  opinion  that  children  coming 
from  large  families  usually  drop  out  of  school  at  earlier  ages  than 
those  coming  from  smaller  families.  Later  on  in  the  report  special 
studies  of  the  progress  in  school  and  the  age  on  leaving  school  of 
first,  second,  third,  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  oldest  boys  show  that  these 
opinions  are  erroneous. 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys, 
SHOWING  THE  PERCENT  OF  OLDEST,  SECOND  OLDEST,  THIRD  OLD- 
EST, ETC.,  BOYS  COMING  FROM  FAMILIES  OF  FROM  ONE  TO  TEN 
OR  MORE  CHILDREN 

TABLE  No.  5-D  —  GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American  and  Foreign  Combined 


NUMBER  OF 
CHILDREN 
IN  FAMILY 

RANK  IN  FAMILY 

Total 
per- 
cent 

Per- 
cent 
of 
total 

Cum. 
per- 
cent 

Cum. 
per- 
cent 

Total 
boys 

1,248 
2,168 
2,861 
3,060 
2,857 
2,215 
1,576 
871 
435 
336 

Oldest 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th+ 

One  
Two 

100.0 

49.8 
35.7 
28.3 
22.9 
18.8 
15.4 
12.1 
8.3 
3.9 

50.2 
33.8 
25.3 
21.3 
19.0 
17.0 
16.0 
11.5 
6.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

7.1 
12.3 
16.2 
17.4 
16.2 
12.7 
8.9 
4.9 
2.5 
1.8 

7.1 
19.4 
35.6 
53.0 
69.2 
81.9 
90.8 
95.7 
98.2 
100.0 

100.0 
92.9 
80.6 
64.4 
47.0 
30.8 
18.1 
9.2 
4.3 
1.8 

30.5 
23.5 
20.4 
18.0 
15.3 
15.6 
12.6 
10.1 

11  '.0 
10.1 
10.1 

174 

Y.9 
7.5 

"26.3 

Three  
Four     . 

22.9 
17.3 
14.6 
15.0 
12.4 
14.0 
7.7 

1,953 

Five  
Six  
Seven  

18.1 
14.7 
13.1 
11.8 
12.4 
15.5 

1,257 

14.9 
12.1 
11.1 
12.2 
9.3 

12.1 
10.0 
9.0 
9.6 

Eight  
Nine  
Ten  or  more.  .  .  . 

Total  

5,678 

4,337 

3,039 

703 

349 

68 

69 

100.0 

17,627 

58 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys,, 
SHOWING  THE  PERCENT  OF  OLDEST,  SECOND  OLDEST,  THIRD  OLD- 
EST, ETC.,  BOYS  COMING  FROM  FAMILIES  OF  FROM  ONE  TO  TEN 
OR  MORE  CHILDREN 

TABLE  No.  5-J  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American  Boys  With  American  Parents 


NUMBER  OP 
CHILDREN 
IN  FAMILY 

RANK  IN  FAMILY 

Total 
per- 
cent 

Per- 
cent 
of 
total 

Cum 
per- 
cent 

Cum. 
per- 
cent 

Total 
boys 

Oldest 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th+ 

One  .. 

100  0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

12.8 
19.2 
18.3 
16.4 
12.3 
8.9 
5.8 
3.0 
2.0 
1.3 

12.8 
32.0 
50.3 
66.7 
79.0 
87.9 
93.7 
96.7 
98.7 
100.0 

100.0 
87.2 
68.0 
49.7 
33.3 
21.0 
12.1 
6.3 
3.3 
1.3 

614 
911 
869 
784 
584 
424 
277 
142 
95 
64 

Two  

51.7 
35.4 
27.3 
20.0 
17.9 
13.7 
11.3 
6.3 
1.6 

48.3 
35.2 
23.6 
20.7 
17.2 
14.3 
13.4 
8.4 
3.1 

'29!4 
23.5 
20.5 
17.5 
12.3 
13.4 
11.6 
15.6 

Three  

Four 

25.6 
19.4 
14.8 
15.1 
16.9 
22.1 
3.1 

'io.4 

16.3 
13.7 
15.5 
10.5 

7.8 

16  '.3 
15.8 
9.8 
11.6 
14.0 

is'.i 

11.3 
8.4 
10.9 

Five  
Six 

Seven  
Eight 

8.4 
7.4 
4.7 

is  '.7 

9.4 

"29^8 

Nine  
Ten  or  more  

Total  

1,861 

1,193 

707 

466 

257 

147 

73 

22 

19 

19 

100  0 

4,764 

Sixteen,,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys, 
SHOWING  THE  PERCENT  OF  OLDEST,  SECOND  OLDEST,  THIRD  OLD- 
EST, ETC.,  BOYS  COMING  FROM  FAMILIES  OF  FROM  ONE  TO  TEN 
OR  MORE  CHILDREN 

TABLE  No.  5-K  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American  Boys  With  Foreign  or  Mixed  Parents 


NUMBER  OF 
CHILDREN 
IN  FAMILY 

RANK  IN  FAMILY 

Total 
per- 
cent 

Per- 
cent 
of 
total 

Cum. 
per- 
cent 

Cum. 
per- 
cent 

Total 
boys 

Oldest 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th+ 

One  
Two 

100.0 

47.0 
33.1 
25.8 
20.5 
16.1 
13.4 
11.5 
7.9 
4.6 

'S3!6 
33.1 
25.8 
20.0 
18.4 
17.5 
14.9 
11.7 
6.9 

'ti'.S 
24.6 
21.5 
17.7 
16.1 
17.1 
13.5 
8.7 

23'!8 
18.9 
15.9 
14.7 
11.6 
13.2 
9.1 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

5.2 
10.5 
16.0 
17.3 
16.7 
13.9 
9.6 
5.8 
2.8 
2.2 

5.2 
15.7 
31.7 
49.0 
65.7 
79.6 
89.2 
95.0 
97.8 
100.0 

100.0 
94.8 
84.3 
68.3 
51.0 
34.3 
20.4 
10.8 
5.0 
2.2 

492 
987 
1,406 
1,612 
1,570 
1,246 
904 
550 
266 
218 

9,341 

Three 

Four  
Five.... 

'ig'.i 

15.7 
13.5 
12.0 
13.2 
18.4 

759 

16'.2 
12.4 
11.5 
13.2 
6.9 

425 

i2'.4 
10.5 
9.8 
10.1 

218 

16.  9 
9.3 
9.6 

'8.2 
7.3 

"l8.i 

Six  
Seven 

Eight... 

Nine  
Ten  or  more  

Total  

2,610 

2,258 

1,757 

1,130 

106 

38 

40 

100.0 

OUR  BOYS 


59 


Sixteen,,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys, 
SHOWING  THE  PERCENT  OF  OLDEST,  SECOND  OLDEST,  THIRD  OLD- 
EST, ETC.,  BOYS  COMING  FROM  FAMILIES  OF  FROM  ONE  TO  TEN 
OR  MORE  CHILDREN 

TABLE  No.  5-L  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
Foreign  Boys  With  Foreign  Parents 


NUMBER  op 
CHILDREN 
IN  FAMILY 

BANK  IN  FAMILY 

Total 
per- 
cent 

Per- 
cent 
of 
total 

Cum. 
per- 
cent 

Cum. 
per- 
cent 

Total 
boys 

Oldest 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th+ 

One  
Two 

100.0 

53.0 
43.7 
35.3 
30.5 
24.8 
21.3 
14.5 
12.1 
3.7 

'47'.0 
33.7 
26.3 
24.9 
22.0 
17.7 
21.2 
14.8 
5.5 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

4.0 

7.7 
14.0 
18.8 
20.0 
15.5 
11.2 
5.1 
2.1 
1.6 

4.0 

11.7 
25.7 
44.5 
64.5 
80.0 
91.2 
96.3 
98.4 
100.0 

100.0 
96.0 
88.3 
74.3 
55.5 
35.5 
20.0 
8.8 
3.7 
1.6 

142 
270 
496 
664 
703 
545 
395 
179 
74 
54 

3,522 

Three  
Four 

22.6 
20.7 
17.7 
18.9 
15.7 
12.8 
10.8 
9.4 

ii.7 

12.4 
11.5 
15.4 
11.2 

6.8 
7.4 

Five.  .  .  . 

14.5 
11.4 
11.7 
8.4 
12.1 
13.0 

1L4 
8.8 
11.2 
9.5 
13.0 

131 

'JM 
7.3 
6.8 
5.5 

'is'.s 

Six  
Seven 

MA 
16.3 
18.5 

46 

10  '.8 
5.5 

Eight  
Nine  

Ten  or  more  
Total  

1,207 

886 

575 

357 

241 

58 

11 

10 

100.0 

Many  employed  boys  come  from  families  of  only  one  child 

Table  No.  5-D  in  the  text,  shows  that  7.1  percent  of  the  oldest 
boys  are  really  boys  from  families  of  only  one  child.  In  this  table 
there  are  5,768  oldest  employed  boys  shown  as  compared  with  4,337 
second  oldest.  By  substracting  the  1,248  oldest  boys  coming  from 
families  of  only  one  child  from  5,678,  the  number  of  oldest  boys  is 
reduced  to  4,430  which  is  approximately  the  same  as  the  number  of 
second  oldest.  A  glance  at  the  percentage  of  oldest,  second  oldest, 
third  oldest,  etc.,  groups  coming  from  families  of  one,  two,  three, 
four,  etc.,  children  as  shown  in  this-  table,  shows  that  there  is  very 
little  difference  between  the  number  of  boys  of  each  rank  in  the 
family  in  the  case  of  the  combined  American  and  foreign  parentage 
group  of  Greater  New  York.  Table  No.  5-J  in  the  text,  which  is  a 
study  of  the  American  born  boys  with  American  parents  in  Greater 
New  York,  shows  that  the  number  of  boys  of  each  rank  in  the  family 
is  almost  identical.  The  same  is  true  in  table  No.  5-K  for  American 
born  boys  with  foreign  or  mixed  parentage.  Table  No.  5-L,  however, 
of  foreign  born  boys  with  foreign  born  parents,  shows  that  there  are 
more  older  foreign  born  boys  employed  than  there  are  younger  boys. 
This  table  at  first  seems  to  contradict  other  studies  in  the  report  which 
show  that  in  general  the  oldest  foreign  born  boys  do  not  leave  school 


60  OUR  BOYS 

at  an  earlier  age  than  their  younger  brothers.  The  reason  why  there 
are  more  oldest  foreign  boys  employed  is  probably  the  continu- 
ous influx  of  foreigners  with  large  families  whose  younger  chil- 
dren are  not  yet  old  enough  to  go  to  work.  This  continuous  supply 
of  oldest  foreign  boys  naturally  increases  the  number  who  are 
employed.  If  immigration  were  stopped  and  this  continuous  supply 
of  oldest  boys  cut  off  for  a  generation,  the  same  proportion  of 
oldest,  second  oldest,  etc.,  boys  would  bo  found  to  exist  among 
employed  foreign  boys  as  among  American  born  boys. 

Almost  equal  number  of  oldest,  second  oldest,  third  oldest,  etc.,  boys 
are  employed 

Chart  No.  5  gives  a  comparison  of  the  number  of  boys  of  each 
rank  in  family  in  the  American,  mixed  and  foreign  parentage  groups 
having  families  of  from  two  to  eight  children  inclusive.  The  chart 
shows  that  in  the  case  of  the  American  boys  with  American  born 
parents  and  the  American  boys  with  foreign  or  mixed  parents  the  per- 
cent of  boys  of  each  rank  in  the  family  is  almost  identical.  For 
instance,  in  the  case  of  families  of  five  children  there  are  about 
twenty  percent  of  oldest,  second  oldest,  third  oldest,  fourth  oldest 
and  fifth  oldest  boys  in  each  group.  In  the  case  of  the  foreign  born 
boys  with  foreign  born  parents,  however,  there  are  almost  twice  as 
many  oldest  boys  employed  as  fifth  oldest  as  has  been  pointed  out 
in  the  discussion  above  and  as  is  shown  in  table  No.  7-D  in  Chapter 
VII. 

At  age  fourteen  or  younger  27.6  percent  of  oldest  boys  leave  school 
and  28.6  percent  of  fifth  oldest  boys  leave  school;  68.4  percent 
of  the  oldest  and  66.8  percent  of  the  fifth  oldest  leave  school  under 
sixteen;  95.3  percent  of  the  oldest  and  96.3  percent  of  the  fifth  oldest 
leave  under  seventeen.  It  is  true  that  4.6  percent  of  the  oldest  leave 
under  fourteen  while  only  2.5  per  cent  of  the  fifth  oldest  leave  under 
fourteen.  This  slight  difference,  however,  would  not  make  much 
difference  in  the  total  number  affected  because  by  the  time  the  boys 
reach  the  age  of  sixteen  slightly  more  fifth  oldest  than  oldest  boys 
have  left  school.  The  best  explanation  of  the  fact  that  there  are 
almost  twice  as  many  oldest  foreign  born  boys  employed  as  fifth 
oldest  is  the  one  given  above  concerning  the  continuous  influx  of 
large  numbers  of  foreign  families  whose  oldest  boys  immediately 
go  to  work. 


OUR  BOYS 


61 


Bailies  o 
two  I 

children 


10%         20%         30%         40%        50%         60%         70%        80%        90%       100% 


mrtAa 


families  of  L 

three    C 

children   I 


* '  ^  x 


four 
children 


—  l 

families  of  '       ii-maSi 
five        I 

children 


Families  Of  '   m.nnsr.   i   znrf 

six 
children 


families  of  I 
seven 
children 


XTici        i     ara      i 


families 

eight 

\   : 

children 


0% 


I  American  born  boys  with  American  born  parents 

American  born  boys  with  foreign  born  or  mixed  parents 
i  Foreign  born  boys  with  foreign  born  parents 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Yecw  Old  Employed  Boys 
OLDEST,   SECOND,   THIRD,   FOURTH   OLDEST,   ETC.,  BOYS    COMING   FROM 
FAMILIES  OF  FBOM  Two  TO  EIGHT  CHILDREN 
Chart  No.   5.  —  Greater  New  York 


62 


OUR  BOYS 


Ohildjwn    1 
ia  ftally 


III 


2     34     56     7     8  9  10+ 
Greater  New  York 


. 


12345673910* 
Cities  OTer  25,000 


2  3 
Cities 


6  7 

under  25,000 


ll 


10* 


Children 

111 


III 


2     345     678     9  10+ 
Village*  over  5,000 


23456789  10+ 
tlaoes  tinder  5,000 


2345678910+ 
Biroloyed  farm  boy* 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BOYS  COMING  FROM  FAMILIES  OF  FROM  ONE  TO  TEN  OR  MORE  CHILDREN 

Chart  No.  5A. —  State  Summary 


OUR  BOYS 


63 


15* 


10* 


GREATER    NEW  YORK 


I 


L 


SfJSly        2     3     4  5     6     7  8     9  10>       1     2     3     4  5     6     7  8     9  iOf       12346  8     9 


Children 
in  family 


1 

CITIES  C 

.  n 

VER   25,000 

III 

r 

yni: 

1    23 

4b«7^9lO^      123456789KH-      123 

bom  boys  with  American  born  parents 
»  American  born  boys  with  foreign  born  or  raij»d  parents 
Foreign  born  boys  with  foreign  born  parents 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Yew  Old  Employed  Boys 

FAMILIES   OF   AMERICAN,   MIXED  AND  FOREIGN  PARENTAGE  GROUPS 

Chart  No.  5B.  —  Greater  New  York  and  Cities  over  25,000 


OUR  BOYS 


CHAPTER  VI 
Persistence  in  School 

Over   sixty-five   percent  remained   in   school  beyond   the   compulsory 

age  limit 

Chart  No.  6  and  table  No.  6  in  the  text  show  that  over  sixty-five 
percent  of  the  boys  remained  in  school  beyond  the  compulsory 
school  age.  This  refutes  the  statement  which  is  commonly  made  to 
the  effect  that  most  of  the  employed  boys  in  New  York  State  would 
have  dropped  out  of  school  at  an  earlier  age  than  they  did  had  it 
not  been  for  the  compulsory  school  law.  Enlightened  public 
opinion  which  frames  and  enforces  compulsory  school  laws  also 
provides  good  schools  and  creates  a  sentiment  in  favor  of  education 
which  is  in  itself  much  more  effective  than  the  compulsory  law.  It 
is  of  course  true  that  many  of  the  thirty-five  percent  who  dropped 
out  of  school  as  soon  as  the  law  allowed  would  probably  have  left 
sooner  had  we  lacked  a  well-enforced  compulsory  school  law. 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PERSISTENCE  IN  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.  6  —  (SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

Left 
illegally 

Left  on 
reaching 
legal  age 

REMAINED  BEYOND  LEGAL 
AGE 

Total 
per- 
cent 

One 
year 

Two 

years 

Three 
years 

Greater  New  York  

7.0 
4.8 
8.7 
5.0 
4.3 
3.4 

28.6 
28.9 
23.5 
23.6 
23.8 
26.4 

39.9 
37.1 
36.0 
36.8 
38.0 
40.0 

20.5 
22.5 
24.0 
26.9 
26.0 
25.1 

4.0 
6.7 
7.8 
7.7 
7.9 
5.1 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

Cities  over  25  000     .  .                    ... 

Cities  under  25,000  

Villages  over  5,000  

Places  under  5  000 

Employed  farm  boys  

OUR  BOYS  65 


SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 
[Remained  beyond   Left  on  reaching  ILeft 
legal  age      Illegal  age 

10%         2f%        30%        40%        S0%^.^60%        70% 

&r*at«r  lew  York....  !•• 
Cities  OTar  25,000..  •• 
Oitiea  xortar  25 ,000.  MM 
Tillages  OTer  C,000.|Hi 
Flaobs  undar  5,000..  •• 
Baployad 


B 

ILeft  I 

^Illegally 

80% --^30%     1007] 


Cities  over  26,000 

1  Blraira •BHOIBHHBBHBBHMHBBMi 

2  ""         

8  Mount 

4 

5  Sahenaotady. 


Siagara 
10  Moghamton. 
11 


13  OM«gO 
24 

15  Kingston. 

16  Syracuse 

17  d>ohest  er*  ..... 

18  utioa....v  ..... 

19  J«a»atftwn  ----  ^  . 

20  ftorfalo...^ 

21  iasterdam 


0%        10%         20%         30%         40%         50%         *0%         70%         80%         W%    100% 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PERSISTENCE  IN  SCHOOL 
Chart  No.  6  —  State  Summary  and  Cities  Over  25,000 

Some  boys  leave  school  illegally. 

The  type  of  boy  who  leaves  school  illegally  or  as  soon  as  the  law 
allows  is  very  likely  to  be  inaccurate  when  it  comes  to  remembering 
his  exact  age  on  the  date  of  leaving  school.  For  this  reason  it  is 
probable  that  the  percentage  of  boys  who  reported  that  they  left 
school  at  ages  which  were  illegal  is  in  some  instances  too  high.  In 
some  of  the  individual  cities  which  have  a  relatively  high  percent 
of  boys  who  left  school  illegally  it  is  quite  probable  that  many  boys 
of  the  unskilled  foreign  labor  group  were  imported  after  leaving 
3 


66  OUR  BOYS 

school,  into  the  cities  where  they  lived  at  the  time  of  the  survey, 
from  other  cities,  states  and  countries.  For  this  reason  a  very  poor 
record  for  persistence  in  school  is  not  necessarily  chargeable  to  the 
school  system  of  the  city  in  which  they  lived  at  the  time  of  the 
survey. 

Quite  a  number  of  cases  were  discovered  by  the  inspectors  of  the 
bureau  making  this  survey,  showing  that  boys  slightly  under  the 
^egal  age  for  leaving  school,  on  moving  into  a  strange  city  during 
the  school  year,  found  it  easy  to  secure  employment  by  stating  that 
their  age  was  sixteen.  It  is  difficult  to  prevent  this  practice  because 
the  school  authorities  do  not  have  the  boy's  name  on  their  census  list 
and  many  employers  either  ignorant  of  the  law  or  indifferent  to  it 
are  perfectly  willing  to  take  the  boy's  statement  that  he  is  sixteen. 
The  inspectors  located  many  such  boys  who  gave  their  correct  ages 
to  avoid  military  training.  On  being  asked  for  their  employment 
certificates  they  confessed  that  they  had  raised  their  ages  to  obtain 
employment  without  a  certificate  to  which  they  were  not  entitled. 
In  cities  with  a  large,  shifting  foreign  population  it  is  next  to 
impossible  for  school  authorities  to  stop  this  practice.  As  a  matter 
of  fact  these  boys  are  usually  very  close  to  the  legal  age  for  obtain- 
ing an  employment  certificate  and  would  gain  little  by  being  com- 
pelled to  enter  a  strange  school  for  a  few  months  in  the  middle  of 
the  school  year. 

About  forty  percent  remain  one  year  beyond  the  compulsory  age 

Table  No.  6  also  shows  that  in  Greater  New  York  and  in  the  farm 
boy  group  about  forty  percent  of  the  boys  remain  in  school  from  one 
to  two  years  beyond  the  legal  age  for  leaving.  The  figures  for  the 
other  city  and  village  groups  are  two  or  three  percent  smaller  which 
is,  however,  more  than  made  up  later  on  by  the  number  of  boys  who 
remain  from  two  to  four  years  beyond  the  legal  age.  Greater  New 
York  holds  slightly  fewer  boys  beyond  the  legal  age  than  any  of  the 
other  groups.  This  is  probably  due  to  the  fact  that  there  are  more 
opportunities  for  employment  in  Greater  New  York  and  that  fewer 
boys  plan  to  enter  the  high  school  than  in  the  smaller  communities. 
From  twenty-five  to  slightly  over  thirty  percent  of  boys  in  the  various 
groups  remain  from  two  to  four  years  beyond  the  legal  age  for  leav- 
ing school,  the  record  for  the  smaller  communities  being  slightly 


OUR  BOYS 


better  than  that  of  New  York  City.  In  general,  however,  there  is 
remarkably  little  difference  between  the  records  of  the  various  city 
and  village  groups  in  regard  to  persistence  in  school.  When  boys 
reach  the  ages  of  fourteen,  fifteen  and  sixteen  regardless  of  wherb 
they  live,  the  size  of  the  family,  nationality,  opportunities  for  employ- 
ment and  home  conditions  they  drop  out  of  school  in  uniformly 
large  numbers  as  is  shown  in  Chapter  VII. 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
PERSISTENCE  IN  SCHOOL 

TABLE   No.    6-D  — CITIES    OVER   25,000 
Parentage  Groups 


GROUPS 

Left 
illegally 

Left  on 
reaching 
legal  age 

Remained 
beyond 
legal  age 

Total 
percent 

Total 
boys 

GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American    born   boys    with    two    American 
parents  

6.0 

26.0 

68.0 

100.0 

4,757 

American    born    boys    with    one    American 
parent 

6  5 

27  0 

66  5 

100  0 

1,803 

American  born  boys  with  two  foreign  parents 
Foreign  born  boys  with  foreign  born  parents. 

CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American    born    boys    with    two    American 
parents  
American    born    boys    with    one    American 
parent  

6.4 
8.1 

4.3 
3.9 

31.5 
27.9 

23.9 
29.5 

62.1 
64.0 

71.8 
66.6 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

7,272 
3,522 

6,575 
1,872 

American  born  boys  with  two  foreign  parents 
Foreign  born  boys  with  two  foreign  parents. 

5.0 
7.8 

36.0 
31.2 

59.0 
61.0 

100.0 
100.0 

4,096 
1,642 

American  born  boys  with  American  born  parents  have  the  best  records 

On  chart  No.  6  (see  table  iNo.  6-D  in  the  text)  is  shown  the  per- 
cent of  boys  in  each  of  the  various  parentage  groups  from  Greater 
New  York  and  the  cities  over  25,000  who  left  school  illegally,  who 
left  on  reaching  legal  age  and  who  remained  beyond  legal  age.  It 
will  be  noted  that  in  Greater  New  York  the  American  born  boys 
with  American  born  parents  have  slightly  better  records  than  the 
other  groups,  while  in  the  other  cities  over  25,000  the  record  of 
these  boys  is  much  better  than  that  of  the  boys  of  the  other  groups. 
This  is  probably  due  to  the  fact  that  the  unskilled  labor  group  of  the 
foreign  population  in  the  smaller  cities  is  predominant  while  the 
foreign  population  of  Greater  New  York  is  very  cosmopolitan  and 
the  unskilled  labor  element  is  not  predominant. 


68 


CUB  BOYS 


CHART  6-D 


Bemained  beyond 
l*gal  age 
10% 


PAHKHTAGE  GBDUPS 
Left  on  reaching 


I 
^ 


Left 
illegally 


Greater  Hew  York. 


Oitlta  <nr«r  125,000. 


\. 


0%         10%        20%        30%        40%        M%        *0%        70%        80%        90%       100% 


American  born  boys  with  two  American  parents. 
American  born  boys  with  one  American  parent. 
American  born  boys  with  two  foreign  parents. 
Foreign  born  boys  with  two  foreign  parents. 


There  is  a  wide  variation  in  the  records  of  individual  cities 

While  there  is  little  difference  between  the  city,  village  and  farm 
groups  in  the  records  for  persistence  in  school  (see  charts  No.  6,  6-A 
and  6-B  in  the  text ;  also  tables  "No.  6,  6-A,  6-B  and  6-C  in  the  appen- 
dix), there  is  quite  a  wide  variation  in  the  records  of  individual 
cities  and  villages.  In  the  list  of  cities  over  25,000  population, 
Elmira  and  New  Rochelle  held  over  eighty  percent  of  the  boys 
beyond  the  compulsory  age  while  Amsterdam  has  a  record  of  only 
fifty-two  percent.  That  the  difference  in  these  records  is  not  charge- 
able to  the  percent  of  foreign  population  but  rather  to  the  type  of 
foreign  population  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  in  Elmira  sixty- 
seven  percent  of  the  boys  have  two  American  born  parents  while  in 
Amsterdam  and  New  Rochelle  the  records  are  28.8  percent  and 
29.4  percent  respectively.  Elmira  has  only  4.4  percent  of  boys  with 
both  parents  foreign  born,  while  Amsterdam  and  New  Rochelle  have 
17.2  percent  and  13.4  percent  respectively.  The  records  of  Elmira 
and  New  Rochelle  show  a  wide  difference  in  the  percent  of  popula- 
tion of  American  and  foreign  born  parents,  and  yet  they  both  have 
a  very  high  record  for  persistence  in  school.  Amsterdam  and  New 
Rochelle  have  very  similar  records  in  regard  to  the  percent  of  Amer- 
ican and  foreign  born  parents  but  widely  different  records  in  per- 
sistence in  school,  New  Rochelle  being  at  the  head  of  the  list  and 
Amsterdam  at  the  foot.  It  is  unfair  to  draw  the  conclusion  from 


OUR  BOYS  69 

these  figures  that  the  schools  of  Amsterdam  are  less  efficient  than  the 
schools  of  New  Rochelle.  It  should  be  remembered  that  the  type 
of  foreign  population  rather  than  the  percentage  of  foreign  popula- 
tion is  an  important  factor  in  progress  and  persistence  in  school. 
It  is  also  possible  that  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  foreign  born 
boys  in  Amsterdam  are  not  the  product  of  their  schools  but  moved 
into  the  city  after  leaving  school.  Later  on  in  the  report  it  will  be 
shown  that  there  is  also  quite  a  variation  in  progress  and  persistence 
in  school  between  ten  of  the  leading  nationalities  found  in  cities 
over  25,000  population  including  Greater  New  York.  This  is  most 
likely  due  to  the  fact  that  some  of  our  foreign  nationality  groups 
are  made  up  largely  of  the  unskilled  labor  element. 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Boys 
PERCENT  OF  AMERICAN  BORN  AND  FOREIGN  BORN  BOYS  IN  SCHOOL 

AND  OUT  OF  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.    6-E  — A  RANDOM  SELECTION   OF   CITIES 


AMERICAN 

BORN  BOYS 

FOREIGN  '. 

3ORN  BOYS 

In  school 

Out  of  school 

In  school 

Out  of  school 

Albany  

21.4 

78.6 

17.8 

82.2 

Amsterdam  
Auburn 

16.0 
24  8 

84.0 
75  2 

6.2 
18.5 

93.8 
81.5 

Binghamton  
Buffalo 

21.4 
19  8 

78.6 
80  2 

11.5 
11.8 

88.5 
88.2 

Elmira  
Jamestown  .  .  . 

25.9 
26  2 

74.1 
73  8 

15.1 
4.9 

84.9 
95.1 

Kingston  

23.6 

76.4 

16.6 

83.4 

Newburgh  
New  Rochelle 

16.7 
28  7 

83.3 
71  3 

7.0 
17.9 

93.0 
82.1 

Oswego  
Poughkeepsie  .... 

21.5 
32  6 

78.5 
67.4 

3.7 
27.3 

96.3 

72.7 

Rochester 

21  8 

78  2 

12.6 

87.4 

Schenectady  ....                  .    . 

27  3 

72.7 

14.9 

85.1 

Syracuse.  .  . 

23  4 

76.6 

13.2 

86.8 

Troy.  .  . 

24.3 

75.7 

23.8 

76.2 

Utica  

15  7 

84.3 

4.4 

95.6 

Water-town  

21.5 

78.5 

6.9 

93.1 

TO  OUR  BOYS 

i 


1  Canandalgua. . . 

2  Ithaca 

3  Qlen  Core 

4  Plattsburg 

5  Horwioh 

t-  6  Oortland. 

7  Middletown 

8  Little  Balls. ... 

9  Batavla 

10  Clean .. 

11  White  Plain* 

18  Glens  falls 

13  Geneva 

14  Corning 

15  Oneonta 

16  Dunkirk 

17  Saratoga  Springs 

18  Home  11. 

19  Oneida 

20  Hudson 

21  Watervliet 

22  Laokavanna 

23  BsuBselaer 

24  Borne 

25  Salamanca 

26  North  Tonawanda. 

27  Ogdensburg 

28  Port  Jervla 

29  Lockport 

30  Qlorersville 

31  Meohanlcville... 

32  Pulton. 

33  Beacon 

34  Johnstown 

35  Oohoes 

36  Tonawanda..... 


Jamained  beyond         |       Left  on  reaching 
legal  age 

20%      30% , 


0%          io%        20%        M%        40%        50%        607c        70%        80% 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Yecw  Old  Employed  Boys 
PERSISTENCE  IN  SCHOOL 
No,  6A—  Cities  under  25,000 


OUR  BOYS  71 


1  Tovrrytown* .  * .  *  • 
1  Jto(flT7llle  Center. 
8  forth  garrytum. . 

4  OMininf. ........ 

5  Ltwrenoe 

6  Vaverly 

7  levark. 

8  Hadaoa  Vails 

9  Fredoaia .«. 

11  Vellrrllle 

IX  Freeport 

13  Hemps tead 

14  Solvay 

15  Walden. 

16  Bjy&ck. ...  ...*.... 

17  Seneoa  Falls 

18  Peekaklll 

19  Ilion 

20  Catskill 

21  Saranao  Lake***.* 

22  Johnson  City 

23  Albion 

24  Eerkimer 

25  Port  Washington*. 

26  Hunt ington. ••••.. 

27  Jteaaroneok 

28  Whitehall 

29  Port  Chester 

30  Badicott 

31  Hoooiok  Falla.... 

32  Kalone 

33  Depew 

34  Waterford 

35  Penn  Ian 

36  Medina.. 

37  Lancaster........ 

38  Uassena 

39  Patchogae... 

40  Bayerstraw 

41  Owego 


0%         i«%        20%        30%        40%        50%        60%        70%        *»%        H%      1H% 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PERSISTENCE  IN  SCHOOL 
Chart  No.   6B.— Villages  over  5,OQQ 


72 


OUR  BOYS 


1%        !•%         20%         30%         «•%         50%         60%         70%        80%         90%    100% 


Albany. 


Csiiwgo, 


Fou£hk»epeie. 
Jtoohester- . .. 

Sohaneotadj.. 
Syracuse....- 


Jroy. 


Utloa. 


Watertown., 


American 
Foreign 


1 

; 

American 
Foreign 


American 
Foreign 


American 
Foreign 


Foreign 

American 
Foreign 

American 
Foreign 

American 


10%         2«%         30%          40%         50%         60% 70% 80%         90%    100%j 

Oat  of  School  m  -School 


American 


PEE  CENT  OF  AMERICAN  AND  FOREIGN  BORN  BOYS  IN  AND  Our  OF 

SCHOOL 
Chart  No.  60. — A  Random  Selection  of  Cities 


OUR  BOYS  73 

More  American  than  foreign  boys  are  still  in  school 

Chart  ~No.  6-C  and  table  No.  6-E  in  the  text,  show  the  percent 
of  American  born  and  foreign  born  boys  residing  in  eighteen  of  the 
large  cities  of  the  State  who  are  in  school  and  out  of  school.  In 
every  one  of  the  cities  the  percent  of  the  American  boys  who  are 
still  in  school  is  greater  than  the  percent  of  foreign  boys  who  are 
still  in  school.  As  most  of  the  sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen  year 
old  school  boys  are  in  our  high  schools  this  shows  that  the  persist- 
ence of  American  boys  in  high  school  attendance  is  greater  than  that 
of  foreign  born  boys.  This  should  not,  however,  be  confused  with 
the  ages  at  which  sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen  year  old  employed 
boys  left  school,  for  in  this  case  we  are  considering  not  only  the 
employed  boys  but  the  entire  group  of  sixteen,  seventeen  and  eigh- 
teen year  old  boys  including  both  the  school  boys  and  the  employed 
boys. 


74  OUB  BOYS 


CHAPTER  VII 
Age  Leaving  School 

While  it  is  true  in  general  that  nationality,  home  conditions  and 
environment  have  little  effect  on  the  ages  at  which  boys  leave  school, 
it  is  important  to  take  note  of  some  of  the  slight  differences  shown 
between  the  various  groups  on  tables  No.  7  and  7-D  in  the  text,  and 
on  charts  from  No.  7  to  7-G-,  inclusive.  Table  'No.  7  gives  the  per- 
cent of  boys  dropping  out  at  each  age  in  each  of  the  fifty  groups 
shown  in  this  table.  This  table  shows  that  the  majority  of  the 
employed  boys  left  school  at  ages  fourteen,  fifteen  and  sixteen,  and 
that  in  general  thruout  the  State  approximately  twenty-five  percent 
of  the  employed  boys  left  at  age  fourteen,  thirty-eight  percent  at  age 
fifteen  and  twenty-six  percent  at  age  sixteen.  These  figures  of  course 
vary  slightly  in  different  communities  and  different  groups  but 
before  reaching  the  seventeenth  year  over  ninety  percent  of  the 
boys  in  all  groups  had  dropped  out  of  school,  most  of  them  having 
dropped  out  at  ages  fourteen,  fifteen  and  sixteen.  Table  ~No.  7-D 
shows  the  cumulative  percent  of  boys  in  each  of  these  groups  who 
dropped  out  before  reaching  each  of  the  ages.  Table  No.  8-HH  in 
Chapter  VIII  which  shows  the  age  at  which  the  twenty-five  percentile 
boy,  the  median  boy  and  the  seventy-five  percentile  boy  in  each  of 
these  groups  dropped  out  of  school,  gives  us  a  better  basis  for  com- 
paring the  groups. 

By  the  twenty-five  percentile  boy  we  mean  the  twenty-fifth  boy 
out  of  each  hundred  to  drop  out  of  school.  By  the  median  boy  we 
mean  the  fiftieth  boy  out  of  each  hundred  to  drop  out  of  school  and 
by  the  seventy-five  percentile  boy  we  mean  the  seventy-fifth  boy  out 
of  each  hundred  to  drop  out  of  school.  For  instance,  if  we  were 
to  line  up  one  hundred  typical  boys  from  Greater  New  York  in 
the  order  of  the  ages  at  which  they  dropped  out  of  school  beginning 
with  the  one  who  dropped  out  at  the  youngest  age  and  ending  with 
the  one  who  dropped  out  at  the  highest  age,  then  count  from  the 
beginning  up  to  boy  twenty-five  we  would  find  that  he  dropped  out 
of  school  at  age  14.8  years;  counting  on  up  to  the  fiftieth  or  median 
boy  we  would  find  that  he  dropped  out  of  school  at  15.5  years  of 
age.  Continuing  up  to  the  seventy-fifth  boy  we  would  discover  that 
he  dropped  out  of  school  at  16.2  years  of  age.  The  middle  fifty  per- 


OUR  BOYS  75 

cent  of  the  boys,  extending  from  the  twenty-five  percentile  boy  to 
the  seventy-five  percentile  boy,  dropped  out  of  school  between  the 
ages  14.8  years  and  16.2  years.  In  other  words  the  first  twenty- 
five  percent  of  the  boys  in  Greater  New  York  dropped  out  of  school 
on  or  before  reaching  age  14.8  years,  the  first  fifty  percent  of  the 
boys  dropped  out  of  school  on  or  before  reaching  age  15.5  years  and 
the  first  seventy-five  percent  of  the  boys  dropped  out  of  school  on 
or  before  reaching  age  16.2  years.  If  we  follow  down  the  twenty- 
five  percentile  column  thru  the  various  groups  of  table  !N"o.  8-HH 
in  Chapter  VIII,  we  see  that  there  is  a  very  slight  difference  in  the 
ages  of  the  twenty-five  percentile  boys.  The  same  is  true  in  the  case 
of  the  median  boys  and  the  ages  of  the  seventy-five  percentile  boys. 
This  shows  conclusively  that  the  middle  fifty  percent  of  the  boys, 
between  the  twenty-five  percentile  and  the  seventy-five  percentile 
boys,  dropped  out  of  school  within  about  one  and  one-half  years 
between  the  ages  14.8  and  16.2  years. 


74  OUR  BOYS 


CHAPTER  VII 
Age  Leaving  School 

While  it  is  true  in  general  that  nationality,  home  conditions  and 
environment  have  little  effect  on  the  ages  at  which  boys  leave  school, 
it  is  important  to  take  note  of  some  of  the  slight  differences  shown 
between  the  various  groups  on  tables  No.  7  and  7-D  in  the  text,  and 
on  charts  from  ]STo.  7  to  7-G-,  inclusive.  Table  No.  7  gives  the  per- 
cent of  boys  dropping  out  at  each  age  in  each  of  the  fifty  groups 
shown  in  this  table.  This  table  shows  that  the  majority  of  the 
employed  boys  left  school  at  ages  fourteen,  fifteen  and  sixteen,  and 
that  in  general  thruout  the  State  approximately  twenty-five  percent 
of  the  employed  boys  left  at  age  fourteen,  thirty-eight  percent  at  age 
fifteen  and  twenty-six  percent  at  age  sixteen.  These  figures  of  course 
vary  slightly  in  different  communities  and  different  groups  but 
before  reaching  the  seventeenth  year  over  ninety  percent  of  the 
boys  in  all  groups  had  dropped  out  of  school,  most  of  them  having 
dropped  out  at  ages  fourteen,  fifteen  and  sixteen.  Table  No.  7-D 
shows  the  cumulative  percent  of  boys  in  each  of  these  groups  who 
dropped  out  before  reaching  each  of  the  ages.  Table  No.  8-BH  in 
Chapter  VIII  which  shows  the  age  at  which  the  twenty-five  percentile 
boy,  the  median  boy  and  the  seventy-five  percentile  boy  in  each  of 
these  groups  dropped  out  of  school,  gives  us  a  better  basis  for  com- 
paring the  groups. 

By  the  twenty-five  percentile  boy  we  mean  the  twenty-fifth  boy 
out  of  each  hundred  to  drop  out  of  school.  By  the  median  boy  we 
mean  the  fiftieth  boy  out  of  each  hundred  to  drop  out  of  school  and 
by  the  seventy-five  percentile  boy  we  mean  the  seventy-fifth  boy  out 
of  each  hundred  to  drop  out  of  school.  For  instance,  if  we  were 
to  line  up  one  hundred  typical  boys  from  Greater  New  York  in 
the  order  of  the  ages  at  which  they  dropped  out  of  school  beginning 
with  the  one  who  dropped  out  at  the  youngest  age  and  ending  with 
the  one  who  dropped  out  at  the  highest  age,  then  count  from  the 
beginning  up  to  boy  twenty-five  we  would  find  that  he  dropped  out 
of  school  at  age  14.8  years;  counting  on  up  to  the  fiftieth  or  median 
boy  we  would  find  that  he  dropped  out  of  school  at  15.5  years  of 
age.  Continuing  up  to  the  seventy-fifth  boy  we  would  discover  that 
he  dropped  out  of  school  at  16.2  years  of  age.  The  middle  fifty  per- 


CUB  BOYS  75 

cent  of  the  boys,  extending  from  the  twenty-five  percentile  boy  to 
the  seventy-five  percentile  boy,  dropped  out  of  school  between  the 
ages  14.8  years  and  16.2  years.  In  other  words  the  first  twenty- 
five  percent  of  the  boys  in  Greater  New  York  dropped  out  of  school 
on  or  before  reaching  age  14.8  years,  the  first  fifty  percent  of  the 
boys  dropped  out  of  school  on  or  before  reaching  age  15.5  years  and 
the  first  seventy-five  percent  of  the  boys  dropped  out  of  school  on 
or  before  reaching  age  16.2  years.  If  we  follow  down  the  twenty- 
five  percentile  column  thru  the  various  groups  of  table  No.  8-HH 
in  Chapter  VIII,  we  see  that  there  is  a  very  slight  difference  in  the 
ages  of  the  twenty-five  percentile  boys.  The  same  is  true  in  the  case 
of  the  median  boys  and  the  ages  of  the  seventy-five  percentile  boys. 
This  shows  conclusively  that  the  middle  fifty  percent  of  the  boys, 
between  the  twenty-five  percentile  and  the  seventy-five  percentile 
boys,  dropped  out  of  school  within  about  one  and  one-half  years 
between  the  ages  14.8  and  16.2  years. 


76 


OUR  BOYS 


PERCENT  OF  SIXTEEN,  SEVENTEEN  AND  EIGHTEEN  YEAR  OLD 
EMPLOYED  BOYS  OF  VARIOUS  GROUPS  LEAVING  SCHOOL  AT  EACH 

TABLE  No.  7 


—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

Toial 
percent 

Greater  New  York  
Cities  over  25,000  
Cities  under  25,000  
Villages  over  5,000  
Places  under  5,000  

3.8 
3.0 
6.5 
2.3 
2.2 

27.0 
26.1 
18.9 
17.9 
18.2 

39.3 
35.1 
33.6 
34.8 
35.3 

25.3 
28.3 
32.2 
35.6 
34.9 

4.2 
6.1 
7.2 

7.7 
8  1 

.4 
1.4 
1.6 
1.7 
1  3 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

Employed  farm  boys  

GREATER  NEW  YORK 
Father  
No  father  

1.9 

2.9 
3.9 

19.7 

25.6 
32.3 

37.4 

39.9 
36.8 

34.6 

26.6 
22.5 

5.5 

4.5 

4.1 

.9 

.5 
4  4 

100.0 

100.0 
100  0 

Mother  

3.2 
3  6 

25.6 
28  4 

39.3 
35.8 

25.6 
26  3 

5.5 
5  7 

.8 
2 

100.0 
100  0 

AMERICAN  BOYS  WITH  AMERICAN 
PARENTS 
Oldest                      

2  9 

26.2 

37.5 

26  9 

5  5 

1  0 

100  0 

3  7 

25  3 

38.9 

27  2 

4  4 

5 

100  0 

3rd  oldest       

3.7 

26.6 

39.7 

25  8 

3  8 

4 

100  0 

4th  oldest                        

4  1 

22  1 

40.1 

27  9 

5  4 

4 

100  0 

2  3 

27  4 

41  4 

23  4 

5  5 

100  0 

6th  oldest  

FOREIGN     BOYS    WITH     FOREIGN 
PARENTS 
Oldest 

2.7 
4  6 

27.4 
23  0 

38.4 
40  8 

24.7 
OQ  9 

5.5 
4  3 

1.3 
4 

100.0 
100  0 

2nd  oldest  

3  9 

26  7 

39  3 

25  9 

3  7 

5 

100  0 

3rd  oldest  

4.4 

27.1 

39.6 

25  7 

3  0 

2 

100  0 

4th  oldest  
5th  oldest                            .        ... 

2.6 
2  5 

23.6 
26   1 

34.6 
38  2 

35.4 
29  5 

3.5 

2  9 

.3 

g 

100.0 
100  0 

6th  oldest.          

4  7 

17.2 

33  5 

35  2 

9  4 

100  0 

GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American  boys  with  two  American 

3  4 

24  8 

39  0 

27  0 

5  2 

6 

100  0 

American  boys  with  one  American 
parent                   

3  3 

26  3 

39  4 

25  7 

4  9 

4 

100  0 

American  boys  with  two  foreign 
parents     

3  4 

30  3 

39  8 

22  9 

3  4 

2 

100  0 

Foreign    boys    with    two    foreign 
parents  

5  0 

23.8 

38.7 

27  9 

4  2 

4 

100  0 

CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American  boys  with  two  American 

2  6 

21  6 

34  1 

31  6 

8  1 

2  0 

100  0 

American  boys  with  one  American 
parent         

2  9 

27  2 

34  6 

kg 

27  4 

6  6 

1  3 

100  0 

American  boys  with  two  foreign 
parents  

3  4 

33.5 

36  0 

22  5 

3  7 

9 

100  0 

Foreign    boys    with    two    foreign 

3  7 

25  0 

37  2 

30  0 

3  4 

7 

100  0 

BOYS  AND  PARENTS  FOREIGN 
BORN 
Austro-Hungarian  
Canadian 

2.6 
g 

28.9 
26  5 

40.0 
32  1 

26.1 
33  0 

2.2 
4  7 

.2 
2  8 

100.0 
100  0 

English  

3  0 

27.4 

30.9 

30  9 

7  2 

6 

100  0 

German  

2  5 

32  5 

37  5 

21  7 

5  8 

100  0 

Irish 

4  5 

15  9 

38  7 

38  7 

2  2 

100  0 

Italian 

5  1 

23  5 

39  6 

28  8 

2  5 

5 

100  0 

Polish  

5  8 

32  0 

38  7 

20  9 

26 

100  0 

Russian  . 

3  8 

22  7 

39  0 

29  2 

4  9 

4 

100  0 

Scandinavian  

6  9 

31  1 

31.1 

22  4 

6  9 

1  6 

100  0 

Scotch  

3  8 

24  5 

45  3 

18  9 

7  5 

100  0 

AMERICAN  BOYS  WITH  ONE 
FOREIGN  PARENT 
Austro-Hungarian  . 

3  5 

31  8 

37  5 

22  4 

4  2 

g 

100  0 

Canadian  

2  1 

25  4 

34  5 

31  7 

4  2 

2  1 

100  0 

English 

1  0 

21  3 

42  6 

30  2 

3  9 

1  0 

100  0 

German 

3  6 

43  5 

32  1 

17  3 

3  0 

5 

100  0 

Irish  

4.0 

24  1 

40  4 

28  4 

2  7 

4 

100  0 

Italian  . 

3  2 

30  3 

40  7 

23  0 

2  6 

2 

100  0 

Polish  

4.2 

36  8 

38.6 

18.7 

1  7 

100.0 

Russian  

3  2 

26  8 

40  0 

23  9 

5  8 

3 

100  0 

Scandinavian 

3  0 

31  3 

37  2 

25  3 

2  7 

5 

100  0 

Scotch.  .  . 

1.5 

34.3 

37.3 

22.4 

1.5 

3.0 

100. 

OUR  BOYS 


PERCENT    OF    SIXTEEN,    SEVENTEEN   AND    EIGHTEEN    YEAR   OLD 
EMPLOYED  BOYS  OF  VARIOUS  GROUPS  LEAVING  SCHOOL  UNDER 

VARIOUS  AGES 

TABLE  No.  7-D 


1 

Under 
15 

Under 
16 

Under 
17 

Under 
18 

Under 
19 

Greater  New  York                                            

30.8 

70.1 

95.4 

99  6 

100  0 

29  1 

64  2 

92  5 

98  6 

100  0 

Cities  under  25,000  

25.4 

59.0 

91.2 

98.4 

100  0 

20.2 

55.0 

90.6 

98.3 

100  0 

Places  under  5  000                             .             

20.4 

55.7 

90.6 

98  7 

100  0 

Employed  farm  boys  .        .  ,  

21.6 

59.0 

93.6 

99.1 

100  0 

GREATER  NEW  YORK 

28.5 

68.4 

95.0 

99.5 

100  0 

36.2 

73  0 

95  5 

99  6 

100  0 

28.8 

68.1 

93.7 

99.2 

100  0 

No  mother  

AMERICAN  BOYS  WITH  AMERICAN  PARENTS 
Oldest  

32.0 
29.1 

77.8 
66.6 

94.1 
93.5 

99.8 
99.0 

100.0 
100  0 

2nd  oldest                                    

29.0 

67.9 

95.1 

99  5 

100  0 

3rd  oldest                                                          •             

30  3 

70  0 

95  8 

99  6 

100  0 

4th  oldest                                

26.2 

66.3 

94.2 

99.6 

100  0 

5th  oldest                                                            

29  7 

71  1 

94  5 

100  0 

30  1 

68  5 

93  2 

98  7 

100  0 

FOREIGN  BOYS  WITH  FOREIGN  PARENTS 
Oldest                                     

27.6 

68.4 

95.3 

99  6 

100  0 

2nd  oldest                                                                  

30  6 

69  9 

95  8 

99  5 

100  0 

3rd  oldest 

31  5 

71  1 

96  8 

99  8 

100  0 

4th  oldest                                                                

26  2 

60  8 

96  2 

99  7 

100  0 

5th  oldest 

28  6 

66  8 

96  3 

99  2 

100  0 

6th  oldest  

21.9 

55.4 

90.6 

100  0 

GREATER  NEW  YORK 

28  2 

67  2 

94  2 

99  4 

100  0 

American  boys  with  one  American  parent  

29.6 
33  7 

69.0 
73  5 

94.7 
96  4 

99.6 
99  8 

100.0 
100  0 

Foreign  boys  with  two  foreign  parents  

CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American  boys  with  two  American  parents  

28.8 

24.2 
30  1 

67.5 

58.3 

64  7 

95.4 

89.9 
92  1 

99.6 

98.0 
98  7 

100.0 

100.0 
100  0 

American  boys  with  two  foreign  parents  

36  9 

72  9 

95  4 

99.1 

100  0 

Foreign  boys  with  two  foreign  parents  . 

28  7 

65  9 

95  9 

99  3 

100  0 

BOYS  AND  PARENTS  FOREIGN  BORN 

31  5 

71  5 

97  6 

99  8 

100  0 

Canadian  

27.4 
30  4 

59.5 
61  3 

92.5 
92  2 

97.2 
99  4 

100.0 
100  0 

German  
Irish 

35.0 
20  4 

72.5 
59  1 

94.2 
97.8 

100.0 
100  0 

Italian 

28  6 

68  2 

97  0 

99  5 

100  0 

Polish                                .          

37  8 

76.5 

97.4 

100.0 

26  5 

65  5 

94  7 

99  6 

100  0 

Scandinavian  

38.0 

69.1 

91.5 

98.4 

100.0 

Scotch  .   .                  .            .                    

28  3 

73  6 

92.5 

100.0 

AMERICAN  BOYS  WITH  ONE  FOREIGN  PARENT 
Austro-Hungarian                                                 

35.3 

72.8 

95.2 

99.4 

100.0 

27  5 

62  0 

93  7 

97.9 

100  0 

English  

22.3 

64.9 

95.1 

99.0 

100.0 

German 

47  1 

79.2 

96  5 

99.5 

100.0 

Irish  

28.1 

68.5 

96.9 

99.6 

100.0 

Italian  

33.5 

74.2 

97.2 

99.8 

100.0 

Polish         . 

41.0 

79.6 

98  3 

100.0 

30  0 

70  0 

93  9 

99  7 

100  0 

Scandinavian  

34.3 

71.5 

96.8 

99.5 

100.0 

Scotch  . 

35.8 

73.1 

95.5 

97.0 

100.0 

80  OUR  BOYS 

boys.  The  twenty-five  percentile  oldest,  fourth  oldest  and  fifth  old- 
est boys  left  school  at  14.9  years  of  age ;  the  second  and  third  oldest 
at  14.8  and  the  sixth  oldest  at  15.1  years  of  age.  In  the  case  of  the 
seventh  oldest  boy  (see  table  No.  7-N  in  appendix)  the  record  of  the 
twenty-five  percentile  boy  is  the  same  as  the  record  of  the  oldest  boy 
and  shows  that  the  twenty-five  percentile  oldest  boy  remained  in 
school  just  as  long  as  his  younger  brothers  in  this  group.  The  median 
oldest  boy  left  at  15.6  years  of  age  as  did  the  fifth  oldest;  the  second 
oldest  and  third  oldest  at  15.5,  the  fourth  oldest  at  15.7  and  the  sixth 
oldest  at  15.8  years  of  age,  showing  again  that  rank  in  the  family 
did  not  affect  the  age  at  which  the  median  boy  of  this  group  left 
school.  The  seventy-five  percentile  oldest  boy  left  at  16.2  years  of 
age,  as  did  the  second  oldest  and  third  oldest;  the  fifth  oldest  left 
at  16.3  and  the  fourth  oldest  at  16.4  years  of  age.  The  sixth  oldest 
left  at  16.6  years  of  age  and  the  seventh  oldest  boy  left  at  approxi- 
mately the  same  age  as  the  oldest  boy,  showing  conclusively  that  rank 
in  the  family  in  the  case  of  the  foreign  born  boys  with  foreign  born 
parents  had  little,  if  any,  effect  on  the  age  of  leaving  school. 

American  boys  with  American  parents  have  slightly  better  records 

The  record  of  the  four  parentage  groups  for  Greater  New  York 
and  the  cities  over  25,000  as  shown  in  table  No.  8-HH  in  the  text 
and  derived  from  tables  {No.  8-L,  S^M,  8-N,  8-O,  8-P,  8-Q,  8-R  and 
8-S  in  the  appendix,  shows  that  there  is  practically  no  difference  in 
the  ages  at  which  the  twenty-five  percentile  boys  of  the  several 
parentage  groups  left  school.  The  American  born  boys  with  Ameri- 
can born  parents  have  a  record  of  only  one-tenth  of  a  year  better  than 
the  foreign  born  boys  with  two  foreign  born  parents.  In  New  York 
City  the  median  American  boy  with  two  American  born  parents 
and  the  median  foreign  born  boy  with  two  foreign  born  parents  left 
school  at  15.6  years  of  age.  In  the  cities  over  25,000  the  median 
American  boy  left  at  15.8  years  of  age,  while  the  median  foreign 
born  boy  with  two  foreign  born  parents  left  at  15.6  years  of  age. 
In  Greater  New  York  the  seventy-five  percentile  American  born 
boy  with  two  American  born  parents  left  at  16.3  years  of  age  and 
the  median  foreign  born  boy  left  at  16  years  of  age.  In  the  other 
cities  over  25,000  the  seventy-five  percentile  American  boy  left  at 
16.5  years  of  age,  while  the  median  foreign  born  boy  left  at  16.3 
years,  In  the  case  of  Greater  New  York  and  the  other  cities  over 


OUR  BOYS  81 

25,000  the  seventy-five  percentile  American  born  boy  with  two  Amer- 
ican born  parents  left  at  a  slightly  lower  age  than  the  seventy-five 
percentile  foreign  born  boy  with  two  foreign  born  parents.  These 
differences,  however,  are  very  slight. 

Some  nationalities  have  better  records  than  others 

Table  No.  8-HH  in  the  text  shows  the  ages  at  which  the  twenty-five 
percentile,  median  and  seventy-five  percentile  boys,  of  the  ten  lead- 
ing nationalities  living  in  Greater  New  York  and  the  other  cities 
over  25,000,  left  school  when  both  the  boys  and  the  parents  were 
foreign  born,  also  when  the  boys  were  born  in  America  but  had  both 
parents  born  in  foreign  countries.  This  table  was  derived  from  tables 
No.  8-T,  8-IJ,  8-V,  8-W,  8-X,  8-Y,  8-Z,  8-AA,  8-BB  and  8-CC  in  the 
appendix.  The  twenty-five  percentile  boys  left  school  at  ages  varying 
from  14.5  years  to  15.1  years.  The  median  boys  left  school  at  ageh 
varying  from  15.1  years  to  15.9  years.  The  seventy-five  percentile 
boys  left  school  at  ages  varying  from  15.9  years  to  16.5  years.  There 
is  a  slight  variation  between  the  records  of  these  nationalities  due  to 
the  fact  that  some  of  them  are  comparatively  small  groups.  In 
every  case  where  the  group  contains  a  large  number  of  boys  the 
records  are  almost  identical. 

Prisoners  in  New  York  State  prisons  have  very  poor  records 

On  page  222  of  the  Report  of  the  New  York  State  Prison  Survey 
Committee  of  1920,  is  an  age-grade  table  for  the  prisoners  in  the 
State  prison  of  New  York.  The  twenty-five  percentile  prisoner  left 
school  at  age  14.2  years,  the  median  prisoner  at  15.1  years  and  the 
seventy-five  percentile  prisoner  at  15.5  years  of  age,  showing  that  in 
general  they  began  to  drop  out  of  school  at  earlier  ages  and  that  fewer 
of  them  persisted  after  the  compulsory  age  than  the  boys  studied 
in  this  survey. 

Taken  as  a  Avhole  the  records  of  the  various  groups  in  table  No. 
8-HH  show  that  regardless  of  the  size  of  the  community,  the  home 
environment,  rank  in  the  family  and  nationality  the  twenty-five  per- 
centile employed  boy  of  the  State  of  New  York  left  school  at  about 
14.8  years  of  age,  the  median  employed  boy  at  about  15.6  years  of 
age  and  the  seventy-five  percentile  boy  at  about  16.3  years  of  age. 
They  also  show  that  the  middle  fifty  percent  of  the  boys  left  school 
between  14.8  and  16.3  years  of  age.  In  other  words  they  show  that 
seventy-five  percent  of  the  boys  left  school  on  or  before  reaching 
16.3  years  of  age. 


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OUR  BOYS  87 


CHAPTER  VIII 
Last  Grades"  Completed 

The  tables  No.  8,  8-A,  8-B,  8-F,  8-G,  8-H,  8-1,  8-J,  8-K  and  8-LL 
in  the  text,  give  the  age-grade  data  for  the  various  city  and  village 
groups.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind  in  studying  these  tables  that 
the  ages  given  were  not  as  of  any  particular  calendar  date  but  were 
the  ages  of  the  boys  at  the  time  they  left  school.  The  grade  given 
is  not  the  grade  the  boy  was  in  at  the  time  he  left  school  but  the  last 
grade  he  had  completed.  For  this  reason  these  tables  cannot  be 
compared  readily  with  the  ordinary  school  age-grade  table.  The 
ages  on  the  ordinary  school  age-grade  table  are  given  as  of  some 
particular  date  as  October  first,  and  a  boy  is  considered  to  be  four- 
teen years  old  if  he  is  more  than  13.5  and  less  than  14.5  years  old, 
while  in  these  tables  a  boy  was  recorded  as  fourteen  during  his  entire 
fifteenth  year  or  from  his  fourteenth  birthday  up  to  but  not  includ- 
ing his  fifteenth  birthday. 

For  purposes  of  comparison  between  various  groups  in  this  sur- 
vey, however,  the  figures  on  these  tables  are  accurate  and  satisfac- 
tory. In  the  appendix  of  the  report  will  be  found  similar  tables 
from  8-L  to  8-XX,  inclusive,  covering  forty-four  other  groups, 
including  four  American  and  foreign  parentage  groups  each  for 
Greater  New  York  and  cities  over  25,000  population,  twenty  Ameri- 
can and  foreign  born  nationality  groups,  four  groups  of  boys  with 
and  without  fathers  and  mothers,  twelve  groups  of  boys  of  American 
and  foreign  birth  covering  oldest,  second  oldest,  third  oldest,  etc., 
boys. 

The  comparisons  between  all  of  these  groups  including  the  six 
city  and  village  and  farm  groups  for  the  last  grades  completed  and 
the  average  percent  of  a  grade  completed  each  year  are  given  in 
table  No.  8-HH  in  the  text. 


88  OUR  BOYS 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

LAST  GRADE  COMPLETED 

Percent  of  boys  reporting  each  grade  as  the  last  one  completed 
TABLE  No.  8  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GRADES 

GROUPS 

per- 

4th or 
under 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

1st 
H.  S. 

2nd 
H.  S. 

3rd 
H.  S. 

4th 
H.  S. 

cent 

Greater  New  York  

5.7 

2.5 

7.4 

22.9 

43.5 

8.8 

5.9 

2.3 

1.0 

100.0 

Cities  over  25,000  

3.4 

4.0 

15.2 

21.8 

31.4 

13.0 

7.2 

2.7 

1.3 

100.0 

Cities  under  25,000  

4.9 

5.9 

17.5 

21.9 

26.1 

13.4 

6.9 

2.2 

1.2 

100.0 

Villages  over  5,000  

5.2 

6.2 

16.7 

22.2 

27.5 

12.2 

6.4 

2.4 

1.2 

100.0 

Places  under  5,000  

4.2 

6.4 

17.6 

23.9 

26.9 

10.9 

6.2 

1.9 

2.0 

100.0 

Employed  farm  boys  

3.2 

7.5 

18.3 

29.5 

29.1 

6.8 

3.7 

1.2 

.7 

100.0 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen   Year   Old  Employed  Boys 

LAST  GRADE  COMPLETED 
Percent  of  boys  who  had  dropped  out  of  school  by  the  end  of  each 

grade 
TABLE  No.  8-A— SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GRADES 


GROUPS 


4th  or 
under 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

1st 
H.  S. 

2nd 
H.  S. 

3rd 
H.  S. 

4th 
H.  S. 

Greater  New  York 

5  7 

8  2 

15  6 

38  5 

82  0 

90  8 

96  7 

99.0 

100.0 

Cities  over  25,000  
Cities  under  25,000.  .  . 

3.4 

4  9 

7.4 
10  8 

22.6 
28  3 

44.4 
50  2 

75.8 
76  3 

88.8 
89  7 

96.0 
96  6 

98.7 
98.8 

100.0 
100.0 

Villages  over  5,000  
Places  under  5,000 

5.2 
4  2 

11.4 
10  6 

28.1 
28  2 

50.3 
52  1 

77.8 
79  0 

90.0 
89  9 

96.4 
96.1 

98.8 
98.0 

100.0 
100.0 

Employed  farm  boys  

3.2 

10.7 

29.0 

58.5 

87.6 

94.4 

98.1 

99.3 

100.0 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

LAST  GRADE  COMPLETED 

Percent  of  boys  completing  each  grade 

TABLE  No.  8-B  —  SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GRADES 


GROUPS 


4th  or 
under 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

1st 
H.  S. 

2nd 
H.  S. 

3rd 
H.  S. 

4th 
H.  S. 

Greater  New  York  .  . 

100.0 

94.3 

91.8 

84.4 

61.5 

18.0 

9.2 

3.3 

1.0 

Cities  over  25,000. 

100  0 

96  6 

92.6 

77.4 

55.6 

24.2 

11.2 

4.0 

1.3 

Cities  under  25,000  
Villages  over  5,000 

100.0 
100.0 

95.1 
94.8 

89.2 
88.6 

71.7 
71.9 

49.8 
49.7 

23.7 
22.2 

10.3 
10.0 

3.4 
3.6 

1.2 

1.2 

Places  under  5,000  

100.0 

95.8 

89.4 

71.8 

47.9 

21.0 

10.1 

3.9 

2.0 

Employed  farm  boys  

100.0 

96.8 

89.3 

71.0 

41.5 

12.4 

5.6 

1.9 

.7 

OUR  BOYS 


89 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  between  last  grade  completed  and  age  leaving  school 

TABLE  No.  8-F  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 

American  and  Foreign  combined 


LAST  GRADE 

Ac 

ES 

Tntil 

Percent 

of 

Cumu- 

Cumu- 

COMPLETED 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

total 

percent 

percent 

4th  or  under  . 

163 

281 

267 

255 

10 

1 

977 

5.7 

5.7 

100  0 

5th  

32 

83 

126 

183 

11 

1 

436 

2.5 

8.2 

94.3 

6th            

51 

282 

463 

443 

24 

1 

1,264 

7.4 

15.6 

91.8 

7th.. 

93 

1,341 

1,601 

834 

58 

3,927 

22.9 

38.5 

84.4 

8th  
1st  H.  S  
2nd 

310 

2,217 
426 

3,216 
668 
409 

1,540 
331 
501 

164 
75 
102 

14 
6 
6 

7,461 
1,506 
1  018 

43.5 
8.8 
5  9 

82.0 
90.8 
96  7 

61.5 
18.0 
9  2 

3rd 

268 

118 

20 

406 

2  3 

99  0 

o     O 

4th  

159 

23 

182 

1.0 

100.0 

1.0 

Total 

649 

4,630 

6,750 

4  ,  355 

721 

72 

17,177 

100  0 

Percent  of  total 

3  8 

27  0 

39  3 

25  3 

4  2 

4 

100  0 

Cumulative  percent. 

3  8 

30  8 

70.1 

95  4 

99  6 

100  0 

Cumulative  percent. 

100.0 

96  2 

69  2 

29  9 

4.6 

4 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  between  last  grade  completed  and  age  leaving  school 
TABLE  No.  8-G  —  CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American  and  Foreign  combined 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

AGES 

Total 

Percent 
of 
total 

Cumu- 
lative 
percent 

Cumu- 
lative 
percent 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

4th  or  under  
5th 

69 
38 
81 
93 
148 

133 
125 
681 
1,151 
1,355 
332 

126 
211 
860 
1,197 
1,739 
693 
268 

147 

189 
557 
673 
1,158 
691 
532 
145 

18 
14 
28 
52 
148 
152 
200 
144 
128 

5 
3 
2 
4 
24 
22 
39 
51 
59 

498 
580 
2,209 
3,170 
4,572 
1,890 
1,039 
340 
187 

3.4 
4.0 
15.2 
21.8 
31.4 
13.0 
7.2 
2.7 
1.3 

3.4 
7.4 
22.6 
44.4 
75.8 
88.8 
96.0 
98.7 
100.0 

100.0 
96.6 
92.6 
77.4 
55.6 
24.2 
11.2 
4.0 
1.3 

6th  
7th. 

8th 

IstH.  S  
2nd... 

3rd  ... 

4th  

Total 

429 

3,777 

5,094 

4,092 

884 

209 

14,485 

100.0 

Percent  of  total  .... 
Cumulative  percent. 
Cumulative  percent. 

3.0 

26.1 

35.1 

28.3 

6.1 

1.4 

100.0 

3.0 

29.1 

64.2 

92.5 

98.6 

100.0 

100.0 

97.0 

70.9 

35.8 

7.5 

1.4 

90 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  between  last  grade  completed  and  age  leaving  school 

TABLE  No.  8-H  —  CITIES  UNDER  25,000 

American  and  Foreign  combined 


LAST  GRADE 

AG 

ES 

Total 

Percent 
of 

Cumu- 

Cumu- 

COMPLETED 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

total 

percent 

percent 

4th  or  under  
5th  
6th  

131 
33 
96 

67 
84 
304 

96 
142 
503 

102 
168 
386 

1 
10 
19 

3 
2 
1 

400 
439 
1  ,  309 

4.9 
5.9 
17.5 

4.9 
10.8 
28.3 

100.0 
95.1 
89.2 

7th  
8th 

117 
113 

439 
390 

648 
704 

403 
615 

33 
113 

2 
18 

1,642 
1,953 

21.9 
26  1 

50.2 
76  3 

71.7 
49  8 

1st  H.  S  

128 

289 

396 

131 

24 

968 

13.4 

89.7 

23.7 

2nd.. 

129 

263 

94 

29 

515 

6  9 

96  6 

10  3 

3rd  

78 

67 

21 

166 

2.2 

98.8 

3.4 

4th 

67 

21 

88 

1.2 

100  0 

1.2 

Total  

490 

1,412 

2,511 

2,411 

535 

121 

7,480 

100.0 

Percent  of  total  .  . 

6.5 

18.9 

33.6 

32.2 

7.2 

1.6 

100.0 

6  5 

25  4 

59  0 

91  2 

98  4 

100  0 

Cumulative  percent 

100  0 

93  5 

74  6 

41.0 

8  8 

1  6 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen   Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  between  last  grade  completed  and  age  leaving  school 

TABLE  No.  8-1  — VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 

American  and  Foreign  combined 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

AGES 

Total 

Percent 
of 
total 

Cumu- 
lative 
percent 

Cumu- 
lative 
percent 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

4th  or  under 

21 
14 
20 
21 
23 

37 
53 
175 
218 
220 
53 

75 
91 
271 
384 
417 
164 
65 

84 
100 
227 
272 
417 
226 
141 
31 

8 
2 
13 
39 
65 
60 
58 
46 
33 

'  i 

2 
4 
16 
13 
9 
9 
18 

225 
261 
708 
938 
1,158 
516 
273 
86 
51 

5.2 
6.2 
16.7 
22.2 
27.5 
12.2 
6.4 
2.4 
1.2 

5.2 
11.4 

28.1 
50.3 
77.8 
90.0 
96.4 
98.8 
100.0 

100.0 
94.8 
88.6 
71.9 
49.7 
22.2 
10.0 
3.6 
1.2 

5th  

6th            ...    . 

7th 

8th    . 

IstH.  S  
2nd 

3rd  
4th 

Total  
Percent  of  total  
Cumulative  percent. 
Cumulative  percent. 

99 

756 

1,467 

1,498 

324 

72 
1.7 

4,216 

100.0 

2.3 

17.9 

34.8 

35.6 

7.7 

100.  0 

2..  3 

20.2 

55.0 

90.6 

98.3 

100.0 

100.0 

97.7 

79.8 

45.0 

9.4 

1  7 

OUR  BOYS 


91 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  between  last  grade  completed  and  age  leaving  school 

TABLE  No.  8- J  —  PLACES  UNDER  5,000 

American  and  Foreign  combined 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

AGES 

Total 

Percent 
of 
total 

Cumu- 
lative 
percent 

Cumu- 
lative 
percent 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

4th  or  under  
5th 

63 
3l 
52 
55 
60 

93 
125 
490 
649 
660 
142 

152 
289 
822 
1,153 
1,204 
397 
181 

174 
29S 
678 
870 
1,091 
547 
346 
107 

15 
13 
30 
96 
166 
168 
175 
85 
206 

5 

'"9 
14 
29 
25 
30 
37 

502 
756 
2,072 
2,832 
3,185 
1,283 
727 
222 
243 

4.2 
6.4 
17.6 
23.9 
26.9 
10.9 
6.2 
1.9 
2.0 

4.2 
10.6 
28.2 
52.1 
79.0 
89.9 
96.1 
98.0 
100.0 

100.0 
95.8 
89.4 
71.8 
47.9 
21.0 
10.  1 
3.9 
2.0 

6th  
7th 

8th.  . 

1st  H.  S.... 

2nd 

3rd  

4th 

Total  
Percent  of  total  .... 
Cumulative  percent. 
Cumulative  percent. 

261 

2,149 

4,198 

4,111 

954 

149 

11,822 

100.0 

2.2 

18.2 

35.3 

34.9 

8.1 

1.3 

100.0 

2.2 

20.4 

55.7 

90.6 

98.7 

100.0 

100.0 

97.8 

79.6 

44.3 

9.4 

1.3 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  between  last  grade  completed  and  age  leaving  school 

TABLE  No.  8-K  — EMPLOYED  FARM  BOYS 

American  and  Foreign  combined 


LAST  GRADE 

Ac 

ES 

Tntal 

Percent 
of 

Cumu- 

Cumu- 

COMPLETED 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

total 

percent 

percent 

4th  or  under  

44 

70 

152 

172 

11 

449 

3.2 

3.2 

100.0 

5th. 

46 

163 

371 

465 

12 

2 

1,059 

7.5 

10.7 

96.8 

6th  
7th  
8th 

46 
68 
57 

589 
985 
893 

1,044 
1,708 
1  567 

847 
1,273 
1  358 

34 
108 
206 

5 
11 

20 

2,565 
4,153 
4,101 

18.3 
29.5 
29.1 

29.0 
58.5 
87.6 

89.3 
71.0 
41.5 

IstH.  S  
2nd... 

28 

288 
123 

436 
246 

138 
132 

13 
23 

953 
524 

6.8 
3.7 

94.4 
98.1 

12.4 
5.6 

3rd 

90 

59 

25 

174 

1  2 

99.3 

1.9 

4th  

75 

27 

102 

.7 

100.0 

.7 

Total 

261 

2  778 

5  253 

4  887 

775 

126 

14  080 

100  0 

Percent  of  total 

1  9 

19  7 

37  4 

34  6 

5  5 

9 

100  0 

Cumulative  percent 

1  9 

21  6 

59  0 

93  6 

99  1 

100  0 

Cumulative  percent 

100  0 

98  1 

78  4 

41  0 

6  4 

9 

92 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen   Year   Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  between  last  grade  completed  and  age  leaving  school 

TABLE  No.  8-LL  —  GREATER  NEW  YORK 

American  and  Foreign  combined 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

RANK  IN  FAMILY 

Total 

Old- 
est* 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th  + 

4th  or  under  
5th... 

5.0 
2.5 
7.1 
22.5 
44.6 
9.2 
5.5 
2.6 
1.0 

5.2 
2.6 
8.0 
23.3 
44.5 
8.0 
5.7 
1.8 
.9 

4.9 
2.8 
7.7 
24.4 
45.5 
7.2 
4.9 
1.8 
.8 

4.5 
2.4 
7.1 
23.2 
45.3 
8.8 
5.7 
2.4 
.6 

4.6 
2.6 
7.8 
22.6 
45.8 
7.7 
5.6 
2.1 
1.2 

5.2 
2.6 
6.3 
26.0 
44.1 
7.6 
5.1 
2.2 
.9 

3.0 
1.5 
10.0 
22.0 
42.5 
10.8 
7.2 
2.7 
.3 

2.9 
1.7 
12.2 
34.3 
33.3 
8.7 
3.5 
2.3 
1.1 

4.5 
6.0 
6.0 
16.4 
47.7 
10.4 
4.5 
4.5 

4.7 
1.5 
7.8 
31.3 
34.5 
12.5 
6.2 
1.5 

772 
408 
1,200 
3,699 
7,044 
1,315 
868 
342 
140 

6th  
7th... 

8ti  .. 

U  H.  S   . 

2d  
3d.  . 

4th.  .  . 

Total  per  cent. 
Total.. 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

4,229 

4,174 

2,949 

1,887 

1,229 

685 

332 

172 

67 

64 

15,788 

*  Boys  coming  from  families  of  only  one  child  omitted 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 

SHOWING  THE  AGES  AND  GRADES  'COMPLETED  BY  THE  TWENTY- 
FIVE,  FIFTY  AND  SEVENTY-FIVE  PERCENTILE  BOYS;  ALSO  THE 
AVERAGE  PERCENT  OF  A  GRADE  COMPLETED  EACH  YEAR  BY  THE 
MEDIAN  BOYS  OF  THE  VARIOUS  GROUPS. 

TABLE  No.  8-HH  —  STATE  SUMMARY  AND  OTHER  GROUPS 


GROUPS 

AGES  ON  LEAVING 
SCHOOL 

Average 
percent  of 
a  grade 
completed 
each  year 
by  the 
median 
boys 

GRADES 
COMPLETED 

25 
percent- 
He 

Median 

75 
percent- 
He 

25 

percent- 
He 

Median 

75 
percent 
ile 

Greater  New  York  
Cities  over  25,000  
Cities  under  25,000  
Villages  over  5,000   . 

14.8 
14.8 
15.0 
15.1 
15.1 
15.1 

14.8 
14.7 
14.8 
14.3 

15.5 
15.6 
15.7 
15.9 
15.8 
15.8 

15.5 
15.4 
15.5 
15.5 

16.2 
16.4 
16.5 
16.6 
16.6 
16.5 

16.3 
16.1 
16.3 
16.1 

92.2 
90.1 
86.9 
85.1 
84.9 
82.8 

92.2 
92.1 
93.3 
91.1 

7.4 
7.1 
6.8 
6.8 
6.8 
6.8 

7.5 
7.4 
7.7 
7.4 

8.3 
8.2 
8.0 
8.0 
7.9 
7.7 

8.3 
8.2 
8.4 
8.2 

8.8 
9.0 
9.0 
8.9 
8.9 
8.6 

8.9 
8.8 
8.9 
8.8 

Places  under  5,000  

Employed  farm  boys  

GREATER  NEW  YORK 
Boys  having  a  father  
Boys  having  no  father  
Boys  having  a  mother  
Boys  having  no  mother.  ...... 

Ou&  BOYS 


TABLE  No.  8-HH  — STATE  SUMMARY  AND  OTHER  GROUPS  —  (Concl'd) 


GROUPS 

AGES  ON  LEAVING 
SCHOOL 

Average 
percent  of 
a  grade 
completed 
each  year 
by  the 
median 
boys 

GRADES 
COMPLETED 

25 

percent 
ile 

Median 

75 

percent 
ile 

25 
percent- 
ile 

Median 

75 

percent- 
ile 

AMERICAN  BOYS  WITH  AMER 
CAN  PARENTS 
(Greater  New  York) 
Oldest  boys 

14.8 
14.8 
14.8 
14.8 
14.8 
14.8 

14.9 
14.8 
14.8 
14.9 
14.9 
15.1 

14.9 
14.8 
14.7 
14.8 

15.0 
14.8 
14.6 
14.9 

14.8 
14.9 
14.8 
14.7 
15.1 
14.8 
14.6 
14.9 
14.6 
14.9 

14.7 
14.9 
15.1 
14.5 
14.9 
14.7 
14.6 
14.8 
14.7 
14.7 

,ETED    BY 

15.6 
15.5 
15.5 
15.6 
15.5 
15.6 

15.6 
15.5 
15.5 
15.7 
15.6 
15.8 

15.6 
15.8 
15.4 
15.6 

15.8 
15.6 
15.4 
15.6 

15.5 
15.7 
15.6 
15.4 
15.8 
15.5 
15.3 
15.6 
15.4 
15.5 

15.4 
15.7 
15.7 
15.1 
15.9 
15.4 
15.2 
15.5 
15.4 
15.4 

INMATES 

16.3 
16.3 
16.2 
16.3 
16.1 
16.3 

16.2 
16.2 
16.2 
16.4 
16.3 
16.6 

16.3 
16.2 
16.1 
16.0 

16.5 
16.4 
16.1 
16.3 

16.1 
16.5 
16.4 
16.1 
16.4 
16.2 
16.0 
16.3 
16.3 
16.1 

16.1 

16.4 
16.3 
15.9 
16.2 
16.0 
15.9 
16.1 
16.1 
16.1 

OF  PRISO 

92.3 
92.2 
92.2 
91.2 
91.1 
90.1 

89.0 
90.0 
85.5 
87.9 
89.0 
88.2 

91.2 
89.3 
93.2 
87.9 

90.3 
91.2 
88.7 
80.2 

87.8 
89.1 
89.0 
88.7 
89.3 
80.0 
84.1 
91.2 
92.1 
93.3 

94.4 

89.1 
91.3 
95.4 
88.3 
88.7 
87.4 
94.4 
94.4 
94.4 

NS   OF   NEW 

7.6 
7.5 
7.5 
7.5 
7.5 
7.4 

7.2 
7.0 
7.1 
7.1 
7.1 
7.3 

7.5 
7.5 
7.5 
6.9 

7.3 
7.3 
6.9 
6.3 

7.0 
7.0 
7.2 
6.9 
7.2 
6.1 
6.4 
7.4 
7.3 
7.7 

7.5 
7.1 
7.4 
7.3 
7.5 
7.1 
6.7 
7.8 
7.7 
7.8 

YORK  ST 

8.4 
8.3 
8.3 
8.3 
8.2 
8.2 

8.1 
8.1 
7.7 
8.0 
8.1 
8.2 

8.3 
8.3 
8.3 
8.0 

8.4 
8.3 
7.9 
7.3 

7.9 
8.2 
8.1 
7.9 
8.3 
7.2 
7.4 
8.3 
8.2 
8.4 

8.4 
8.2 
8.4 
8.2 
8.3 
7.9 
7.6 
8.5 
8.4 
8.4 

ATE 

9.0 
8.9 
8.8 
8.8 
8.8 
8.8 

8.7 
8.7 
8.6 
8.8 
8.7 
8.9 

8.9 
8.9 
8.8 
8.7 

9.3 
9.2 

8.7 
8.5 

8.6 
9.3 
8.8 
8.8 
8.8 
8.1 
8.3 
8.9 
8.7 
9.3 

8.9 

8.8 
9.1 
8.8 
8.8 
8.5 
8.5 
9.2 
8.9 
8.9 

2d  oldest  boys  

3d  oldest  boys  

4th  oldest  boys  
5th  oldest  boys  
6th  oldest  boys  

FOREIGN  BOYS  WITH  FOREIGN 
PARENTS 
(Greater  New  York) 

2d  oldest  boys  
3d  oldest  boys 

4th  oldest  boys  
5th  oldest  boys 

6th  oldest  boys      

GREATER  NEW  YORK 
(Parentage  groups) 
American  boys  with  two  Ameri 
can  parents  
American  boys  with  one  Ameri 
can  parent  
American  boys  with  two  foreig 
parents  
Foreign  boys  with  two  foreign 
parents      

CITIES  OVER  25,000 
(Parentage  groups) 
American  boys  with  two  Ameri 
can  parents  
American  boys  with  one  Ameri 
can  parent  
American  boys  with  two  foreign 
parents    .                    

Foreign  boys  with  two  foreign 
parents  .    .  .          

BOYS   AND   PARENTS    FOREIGN 
BORN 
Austro-Hungarian  
Canadian  ....        .        

English. 

German  
Irish    . 

Italian  
Polish  .... 

Russian  . 

Scandinavian  . 

Scotch.. 

AMERICAN  BOYS  WITH  FOREIGN 
PARENTS 
Austro-Hungarian  .  .  . 

Canadian  .  . 

English 

German  .  .  . 

Irish  

Italian... 

Polish  
Russian.  .  . 

Scandinavian  

Scotch  

GRADES  COMPI 

*  Prisoners  of  all  ages I       14.2 


73.2 


4.3 


7.6 


*  Page  222,  Report  of  Prison  Survey  Committee,  New  York  State,  1920. 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
AGES  AND  GRADES 

SHOWING  THE  AGES  AND  GRADES  COMPLETED  BY  THE  TWENTY- 
FIVE,    FIFTY    AND    SEVENTY-FIVE    PERCENTILE   BOYS;    ALSO    THE 
AVERAGE  PERCENT  OF  A  GRADE  COMPLETED  EACH  YEAR  BY  THE 
MEDIAN  BOYS  OF  THE  VARIOUS  COUNTIES  OF  THE  STATE. 
TABLE  No.  8-HHH  — EMPLOYED  FARM  BOYS 


COUNTIES 

AGES  ON  LEAVING 
SCHOOL, 

Average 
percent  of 
a  grade 
completed 
each  year 
by  the 
median 
boys 

GRADES 
COMPLETED 

25 
percent- 
ile 

Median 

75 

percent- 
ile 

25 
percent- 
ile 

Median 

75 
percent- 
ile 

Albany  

14.9 
15.1 

"15.3 
14.3 

14.8 
15.1 
14.2 
15.3 
15.1 

15.0 
15.1 
15.3 
14.9 
14.6 

15.4 
14.9 
14.7 
15.1 
15.2 

15.1 
15.1 
15.2 

"ii'.7 

15.1 
15.1 

15.6 
15.9 

"is^ 

15.7 

15.6 
15.7 
15.8 
16.1 
15.7 

15.7 
15.7 
16.1 
15.7 
15.3 

16.0 
15.6 
15.6 
15.7 
15.8 

16.0 
15.7 
15.9 

16.3 
15.9 

"16.5 
16.4 

16.4 
16.4 
16.5 
16.7 
16.4 

16.4 
16.4 
16.6 
16.4 
15.9 

16.6 
16.3 
16.3 
16.5 
16.5 

16.5 
16.4 
16.5 

82.4 
85.1 

'"80  '.9 
87.0 

89.0 
85.9 
84.9 
82.3 
77.1 

79.3 
85.9 

80.2 
83.7 
88.6 

80.0 
80.2 
78.0 
88.0 
81.7 

82.0 
85.9 
84.0 

6.5 
7.2 

"6.9 
7.1 

7.3 
7.0 
7.1 
7.0 
6.2 

6.4 
7.1 
6.9 
6.6 
7.1 

6.7 
6.3 

6.2 
7.2 
6.9 

7.2 
7.1 
7.0 

7.5 
8.0 

"7'.Q 
8.0 

8.1 
7.9 
7.9 
7.9 
7.1 

7.3 
7.9 

7.7 
7.7 
7.8 

7.6 
7.3 
7.1 
8.1 
7.6 

7.8 
7.9 
7.9 

8.4 
8.7 

"'8'.4 
8.7 

8.8 
8.7 
8.6 
8.7 
8.9 

8.2 
8.6 
8.6 
8.6 
8.6 

8.5 
8.0 
8.9 
8.8 
8.3 

8.5 
8.6 
8.7 

"'8.3 

8.7 
8.7 

'"s'.e 

8.6 

8.5 
8.6 
8.5 
8.8 
8.7 

8.6 
8.9 
8.7 
8.8 
8.6 

8.7 
8.2 

's'.4 
8.6 

Alleeany  

Bronx  
Broome  

Cattaraugus  
Cayuga 

ChautauQua  

Chemung 

Chenango  

Clinton 

Columbia 

Cortland 

Delaware  .  . 

Dutchess  

Erie  

Essex  

FVanVJin  , 

Fulton  

Genesee  

Greene 

Hamilton  . 

Herkimer  

Jefferson. 

Kings  

i5.5 

15.7 
15.7 

16.2 

16.5 
16.5 

"ie'.i 

16.4 

16.4 
16.4 
16.4 
16.3 
16.5 

16.4 
16.5 
16.4 
16.6 
16.4 

15.8 
16.2 

'  'i6.2 
16.5 

83.3 

87.0 
87.0 

'88  '.8 
85.7 

82.6 
83.7 
84.8 
91.1 
83.9 

82.6 
86.0 
85.9 
86.2 
86.0 

92.0 
81.3 

'    80.2 
84.9 

6.8 

7.3 

7.1 

7.5 

8.0 
8.0 

Livingston  

Madison  . 

Manhattan  

Monroe.  .  . 

14.8 
15.1 

15.1 
15.0 
15.1 

14.8 
15.2 

15.1 
15.1 
15.1 
15.3 
15.2 

14.6 
15.0 

'is'.  3 

15.2 

15.4 
15.6 

15.7 
15.7 
15.7 
15.5 
15.8 

15.7 
15.8 
15.7 
15.9 
15.8 

15.3 
15.6 

'  'is'.  6 

15.8 

7.1 
6.9 

6.6 
6.9 
7.0 
7.3 

7.1 

6.7 
7.2 
6.8 
7.2 
6.9 

7.1 
6.6 

"Y.5 

7.7 

7.9 

7.8 

7.6 
7.7 
7.8 
8.2 

7.8 

7.6 
8.0 
7.9 
8.1 
8.0 

8.1 

7.4 

'  -7.3 
7.9 

Montgomery  

Nassau  .  .  . 

Niagara  .... 

Oneida  

Onondaga  .  . 

Ontario  

Orange  . 

Orleans  

Oswego.  .    .    . 

Otsego.  .  . 

Putnam  
Queens 

Rensselaer  
Richmond  
Rockland  

St.  Lawrence  .  .  . 

OUR  BOYS 


95 


TABLE    No.    8-HHH  — EMPLOYED    FARM    BOYS  —  (Concluded) 


COUNTIES 

AGES  ON  LEAVING 
SCHOOL 

Average 
percent  of 
a  grade 
completed 
each  year 
by  the 
median 
boys 

GRADES 
COMPLETED 

25 
percent- 
ile 

Median 

75      . 
percent- 
ile 

25 

percent- 
ile 

Median 

25 

percent- 
ile 

Saratoga  

15.1 
15.2 
15.3 
15.1 
15.2 

15.1 
15.3 
15.3 
15.2 
15.3 

15.1 
15.1 
15.2 
14.9 
15.2 

14.9 
15.0 

15.1 

15.8 
15.9 
16.0 
15.7 
15.8 

15.7 
15.9 
16.0 
15.8 
16.1 

15.8 
15.8 
15.8 
15.6 
15.8 

15.6 
15.6 

15.8 

16.5 
16.5 
16.6 
16.4 
16.5 

16.4 
16.6 
16.7 
16.5 
16.6 

16.5 
16.4 
16.5 
16.3 
16.4 

16.3 
16.3 

16.5 

82.8 
83.0 
79.0 
88.0 
82.8 

84.8 
79.8 
82.1 
82.8 
84.4 

79.6 
79.6 
82.8 
84.6 
80.6 

87.9 
90.1 

82.8 

7.0 
7.2 
6.7 
7.3 
7.0 

7.1 
6.5 
7.0 
7.0 
7.3 

6.5 
6.7 
6.9 
6.9 
6.5 

7.2 
7.4 

6.8 

7.7 
7.8 
7.5 
8.1 
7.7 

7.8 
7.5 

7.8 
7.7 
8.1 

7.4 
7.4 
7.7 
7.7 
7.5 

8.0 

8.2 

7.7 

8.6 
8.6 
8.4 
8.7 
8.6 

8.5 
8.6 
8.5 
8.6 
8.9 

8.2 
8.1 
8.7 
8.5 
8.5 

8.7 
8.9 

8.6 

Schenectady.  .  . 

Schoharie  

Schuyler                                .... 

Seneca 

Steuben  .   . 

Suffolk  

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Tompkins.  . 

Ulster  
Warren  
Washington  
Wayne 

Westchester  
Wyoming 

Yates  

New  York  State 

Twenty-five  percent  of  the  boys  left  school  on  or  before  completing 
7.4  grades 

A  comparison  of  the  twenty-five  per  cent  ile  figures  for  each  of  the 
fifty  groups  shown  on  table  8-HH  shows  some  slight  variations 
between  the  various  groups.  For  instance  in  Greater  ffew  York  the 
first  twenty-five  percent  of  the  boys  dropped  out  of  school  on  or  before 
the  completion  of  7.4  grades  or  less  while  in  the  smaller  cities  and 
on  the  farms  the  first  twenty-five  boys  dropped  out  on  the  comple- 
tion of  6.8  grades  or  less. 

The  first  twenty-five  boys  in  the  groups  having  a  father  and  boys 
having  a  mother  remain  in  school  slightly  longer  than  boys  having 
no  father  and  boys  having  no  mother.  The  comparison  between  the 
oldest,  second  oldest,  third  oldest,  etc.,  boys  having  American  parents 
shows  that  the  first  twenty-five  oldest  boys  completed  7.6  grades  or 
less  as  compared  with  7.4  grades  or  less  in  the  case  of  the  sixth 
oldest  boys.  This  difference  is  very  slight  but  shows  conclusively 
that  the  opinion  which  is  quite  prevalent  that  oldest  boys  do  not 
complete  so  many  grades  in  school  as  their  younger  brothers  is 
incorrect.  As  a  matter  of  fact  oldest  boys  are  usually  less  handi- 
capped in  their  schooling  than  are  their  younger  brothers  because 


96  OUR  BOYS 

the  family  has  not  yet  become  burdened  with  sickness  and  heavy 
expenses  as  is  often  the  case  by  the  time  the  younger  boys  reach 
the  upper  grades  of  the  elementary  school. 

In  the  case  of  the  foreign  born  boys  and  parents  the  first  twenty- 
five  oldest  boys  completed  7.2  grades  or  less  while  the  first  twenty- 
live  fifth  oldest  boys  completed  7.1  grades  or  less.  The  first  twenty- 
five  sixth  oldest  boys  completed  7.3  grades  or  less.  The  number  of 
sixth  oldest  boys,  however,  in  this  comparison  is  very  small  which 
accounts  for  the  slight  deviation  in  the  records  of  the  younger  boys. 
The  record  of  the  seventh  oldest  boys  is  not  included  in  this  table 
but  is  as  a  matter  of  fact  the  same  as  that  of  the  oldest  boys,  show- 
ing that  as  in  the  case  of  the  foreign  born  boys  with  foreign  born 
parents,  rank  in  the  family  had  no  influence  on  the  number  of  grades 
completed  by  boys. 

The  twenty-five  percentile  American  born  boys  excelled  the  twenty-five 

percentile  foreign  born  boys 

As  is  to  be  expected  American  born  boys  familiar  with  our  lan- 
guage, customs  and  school  regulations  excelled  slightly  the  records 
of  foreign  born  boys  with  foreign  born  parents  in  Greater  New  York. 
The  first  twenty-five  American  born  boys  with  American  born  parents 
completed  7.5  grades  or  less  while  the  first  twenty-five  foreign  born 
boys  with  two  foreign  born  parents  completed  6.9  grades  or  less. 
In  cities  over  25,000  not  including  Greater  ~New  York,  the  first 
twenty-five  American  born  boys  with  American  parents  completed 
7.3  grades  or  less,  while  the  first  twenty-five  foreign  born  boys  with 
foreign  born  parents  completed  only  6.3  grades  or  less.  American 
children,  whose  parents  move  to  new  localities  frequently,  are  handi- 
capped in  like  manner  by  change  of  environment,  courses  of  study, 
books,  etc.,  and  make  slower  progress  in  school. 

The  twenty-five  percentile  foreign  boys  in  Greater  New  York  excelled 

the  twenty-five  percentile  foreign  boys  in  other  localities 
The  first  twenty-five  foreign  boys  in  Greater  "New  York  completed 
6.9  grades  or  less  as  compared  with  6.3  grades  or  less  in  other  cities 
of  the  State  over  25,000  population,  a  difference  of  .6  grades  in 
favor  of  Greater  New  York.  In  the  case  of  the  American  born  boys 
there  is  only  .2  grades  difference  between  New  York  City  and  the 


OUR  BOYS  97 

other  cities  over  25,000.  The  greater  difference  in  the  case  of  the 
foreign  hoys  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  Greater  New  York  has  a 
very  cosmopolitan  population  including  many  highly  trained,  skilled 
-workers  who  are  interested  in  education,  while  in  the  smaller  cities 
the  unskilled  labor  element  is  usually  predominant  in  the  foreign 
population. 

Some  nationalities  excel  others 

The  comparison  between  the  ten  leading  nationalities  found  in 
Greater  New  York  and  the  other  cities  over  25,000  shows  that  where 
the  boys  are  born  in  America  and  both  parents  in  foreign  countries 
iheir  record  excels  that  of  the  foreign  born  boys  with  foreign  born 
parents.  A  comparison  of  the  ten  nationalities  where  the  boys  were 
born  in  America  and  the  parents  in  foreign  countries  shows  that  the 
first  twenty-five  Scotch  boys  completed  7.8  grades  or  less  while  the 
first  twenty-five  Polish  boys  completed  only  6.7  grades  or  less. 
Where  both  boys  and  parents  were  foreign  bom  the  first  twenty-five 
Scotch  boys  completed  7.7  grades  or  less  while  the  first  twenty-five 
Italian  boys  completed  only  6.1  grades  or  less.  The  number  of 
Scotch  boys  studied  is  relatively  small  as  compared  with  the  num- 
ber of  Italian  boys. 

Fifty  percent  of  all  boys  left  school  on  or  before  completing  8.3  grades 
In  Greater  New  York  the  first  fifty  percent  of  the  boys  dropped 
out  of  school  on  or  before  completing  8.3  grades  or  less  as  compared 
with  only  7.7  grades  or  less  completed  by  the  first  fifty  per- 
cent of  the  farm  boys.  The  records  of  the  other  city  and  village 
groups  vary  slightly  from  these  two  extreme  figures.  Since  the  vast 
majority  of  the  boys  of  the  State  live  in  places  over  5,000  popula- 
tion, the  records  for  the  median  boys  of  the  State  are  almost  identi- 
cal, ranging  from  8.3  grades  or  less  in  New  York  to  8  grades  or 
less  in  the  villages.  The  variation  between  these  groups  which 
include  boys  of  all  nationalities,  of  all  ranks  in  the  family,  of  every 
environment,  coming  from  every  section  of  the  Empire  State  from 
the  smallest  rural  communities  to  the  largest  city  in  the  world  is  so 
as  to  be  neirli 


98  OUR  BOYS 

Median  American  born  boys  excel  median  foreign  born  boys 

As  in  the  case  of  the  twenty-five  percentile  boys  the  median  Amer- 
ican born  boys  with  a  record  of  8.3  grades  or  less  in  Greater  New 
York  and  8.4  grades  or  less  in  the  other  cities  over  25,000  popula- 
tion, excel  the  foreign  born  boys  in  Greater  New  York  whose  record 
is  8  grades  or  less,  and  the  foreign  born  boys  in  the  cities  over  25,000 
population  whose  record  is  7.3  grades  or  less.  These  differences  in 
progress  are  due  largely  to  strange  language,  environment  and 
customs. 

Median  foreign  boys  in  Greater  New  York  excel  median  foreign  boys 

in  other  localities 

As  in  the  case  of  the  twenty-five  percentile  boys  the  median  foreign 
boys  of  Greater  New  York  coming  from  a  very  cosmopolitan  foreign 
population  excel  the  median  foreign  boys  in  the  cities  over  25,000 
whose  foreign  populations  consist  largely  of  the  unskilled  labor 
group.  The  first  fifty  percent  of  the  foreign  boys  in  Greater 
New  York  completed  eight  grades  or  less  as  compared  with  only 
7.3  grades  or  less  in  the  other  cities  over  25,000. 

The  first  fifty  percent  of  the  American  boys  excel  the  first  fifty  percent 

of  the  foreign  boys 

As  is  to  be  expected,  the  American  born  boys  with  American  born 
parents,  because  of  their  familiarity  with  our  language  and  school 
customs,  excel  slightly  the  records  of  the  foreign  born  boys  with 
two  foreign  parents.  In  many  instances  the  foreign  boys  are  greatly 
handicapped,  not  only  by  strange  schools  and  environment,  but  also 
by  lack  of  knowledge  of  our  language.  It  should  also  be  borne  in 
mind  that  many  of  these  foreign  born  boys  never  attended  school 
in  America,  but  quit  school  before  they  came  to  this  country.  Their 
records,  however,  as  compared  with  American  boys  who  are  not 
handicapped  by  strange  language  and  environment  are  remarkably 
good. 

Some  foreign  nationalities  excel  American  boys 

The  first  fifty  percent  of  American  boys  having  two  foreign 
parents  from  Scotland,  Scandinavia,  Kussia,  England  and  Austro- 
Hungary,  dropped  out  of  school  on  the  completion  of  over  8.3 


QUB  BOYS  99 

grades  or  less  which  equals  the  record  for  the  American  born  boys 
with  American  born  parents  in  Greater  New  York.  Where  both 
the  boys  and  the  parents  were  born  in  foreign  countries  the  first 
fifty  percent  of  the  Scotch  completed  8.4  grades  or  less,  while  the 
first  fifty  percent  of  the  Italians  completed  only  7.2  grades  or  less. 
The  Italian  group,  however,  is  the  largest  foreign  group  studied, 
while  the  Scotch  group  is  one  of  the  smallest. 

The  first  fifty  percent  of  boys  having  a  father  and  mother  have  slightly 

better  records 

There  is  less  difference  in  the  records  of  the  first  fifty  percent  of 
the  boys  having  fathers  and  mothers  and  not  having  fathers  and 
mothers  than  in  the  case  of  the  first  twenty-five  percent  of  the  boys, 
which  shows  that,  if  a  boy  without  a  father  or  a  mother  does  not 
drop  out  as  soon  as  the  compulsory  law  allows,  his  chances  for 
remaining  in  school  are  about  the  same  as  those  of  other  boys. 
The  difference  in  the  records  of  the  median  boys  having  a  father 
and  having  no  mother  is  only  .1  of  a  grade.  The  boys  having  a 
mother  have  a  record  of  .2  of  a  grade  higher  than  boys  having  no 
mother.  The  boys  having  a  mother  excel  the  boys  having  a  father 
by  .1  of  a  grade,  while  the  boys  having  no  father  and  the  boys 
having  no  mother  have  exactly  the  same  record,  8.2  grades. 

The  rank  in  family  has  no  influence  on  grades  completed 

The  first  fifty  percent  of  oldest  American  boys  with  American 
parents  completed  8.4  grades  or  less,  as  compared  with  8.2  grades 
or  less  in  the  case  of  the  sixth  oldest  boys,  showing  that  the  record 
is  again,  as  in  the  case  of  the  twenty-five  percentile  boys,  slightly 
in  favor  of  the  oldest  boys.  The  first  fifty  percent  of  oldest  foreign 
boys  with  foreign  parents  completed  8.1  grades  or  less,  as  compared 
with  8.1  grades  or  less  by  the  fifth  oldest  boys  and  8.2  grades  or 
less  by  the  sixth  oldest  boys.  These  records  speak  for  themselves 
and  show  that  the  opportunities  of  the  oldest  boys  are  as  great,  if 
not  greater,  than  those  of  their  younger  brothers. 

Seventy-five  percent  of  the  boys  in  smaller  cities  and  villages  remain 

slightly  longer 

The  records  of  the  seventy-five  percentile  boys  of  the  various  city, 
village,  nationality  and  parentage  groups  show  that  the  first  seventy- 


100  OUR  BOYS 

five  percent  of  the  boys  in  the  smaller  cities  and  villages  remain 
in  school  slightly  longer  than  in  Greater  New  York.  The  farm 
boys,  however,  complete  a  slightly  smaller  number  of  grades.  The 
rank  in  family  and  home  conditions,  as  is  shown  in  the  groups  of  boys 
of  the  various  ranks  in  the  family,  and  boys  having  fathers  and 
mothers  and  boys  having  no  fathers  and  no  mothers  have  practically 
no  effect  on  the  grades  completed  by  the  seventy-five  percentile  boys. 
There  is  quite  a  wide  variation  in  the  individual  foreign  nationality 
groups,  as  is  shown  in  the  nationality  group  tables.  The  foreign 
seventy-five  percentile  boys  with  Scotch  and  Canadian  parents  have 
a  record  of  9.3  grades  or  less,  as  compared  with  only  8.1  grades 
or  less  in  the  case  of  the  Italian  boys.  Where  boys  were  born  in 
America  and  both  parents  in  foreign  countries,  the  Russian  seventy- 
five  percentile  boys,  practically  all  of  whom  are  Hebrews,  have  a 
record  of  9.2  grades,  as  compared  with  8.5  grades  in  the  case  of  the 
Polish.  As  shown  on  this  table  there  is  really  very  little  variation 
between  the  nationality  groups  and  the  boys  born  in  America. 

Inmates  of  prisons  of  New  York  State  have  very  poor  records 

At  the  bottom  of  table  No.  8-HH  is  shown  the  record  of  prisoners 
of  all  ages  in  the  New  York  State  prisons.  This  data  was  derived 
from  an  age-grade  table  given  on  page  222  of  the  Report  of  the 
Prison  Survey  Committee  of  New  York  State  in  1920.  The  twenty- 
five  percentile  prisoner  completed  only  4.3  grades,  as  compared  with 
about  7.4  grades  for  the  twenty-five  percentile  boy  in  Greater  New 
York.  The  median  prisoner  completed  6.3  grades,  as  compared 
with  8.3  grades  by  the  median  boy  in  Greater  New  York.  The 
seventy-five  percentile  prisoner  completed  7.6  grades,  as  compared 
with  8.8  grades  completed  by  the  seventy-five  percentile  boy  in 
Greater  New  York. 

The  middle  fifty  percent  leave  "between  the  completion  of  7.3  and  8.9 
grades 

As  is  shown  on  table  No.  8-HH  in  the  text,  the  middle  fifty  percent 
of  the  boys  in  the  various  city,  village  and  farm  groups  leave  school 
on  completing  approximately  from  7.3  grades  to  8.9  grades.  In 
Greater  New  York  the  records  are  from  7.4  to  8.8  grades  and  cover 
a  period  of  1.4  grades.  In  the  cities  over  25,000  it  is  from  7.1 
grades  to  9  grades,  covering  a  slightly  wider  period  of  1.9  grades. 


OUR  BOYS 


In  the  cities  under  25,000  the  period  is  from  6.8  to  9  grades,  or 
2.2  grades.  In  the  remaining  places  of  the  State,  aside  from  the 
farm  boys,  the  record  is  from  6.8  to  8.9'  grades,  covering  a  period 
of  2.1  grades.  The  farm  boys'  record  is  from  6.8  grades  to  8.6 
grades,  covering  a  period  of  1.8  grades. 

In  table  8-HH  is  also  shown  a  record  of  the  average  rate  of  prog- 
ress per  grade  per  year.  In  order  to  get  some  definite  method  of  com- 
paring the  rate  of  progress  of  boys  in  the  various  groups  it  was 
assumed  that  the  median  boy  entered  school  at  6.5  years  of  age, 
Subtracting  this  median  entering  age  from  the  median  leaving 
age  in  each  of  the  groups,  gave  the  period  of  time  the  median 
boy  consumed  in  completing  the  median  number  of  grades.  It 
makes  little  difference  whether  or1  not  the  boy  was  actually  in 
school  during  all  this  period.  The  important  fact  is  that 
this  was  the  time  allotted  to  him  for  completing  the  median  number 
of  grades.  If  poor  attendance  kept  him  out  of  school  this  is  as 
chargeable  to  the  community  as  if  he  had  been  in  school  every  day 
and  had  failed  of  promotion.  As  a  matter  of  fact  the  reasons  for 
low  rate  of  progress  per  grade  will  vary  widely  in  different  com- 
munities and  in  the  cases  of  individual  boys.  It  may  be  due  to 
late  entrance,  poor  attendance  or  too  low  a  rate  of  promotion.  It  is, 
however,  important  for  each  community  having  a  low  rate  of  prog- 
ress per  grade  per  year  to  seek  the  cause  and  remedy  it.  It  is  quite 
likely  that  communities  with  very  crowded  school  conditions  tend 
to  have  a  higher  rate  of  promotion  than  communities  where  there  is 
little  crowding.  It  is  also  true  in  large  cities  that  the  children  live 
near  the  schoolhouse  and  are  not  hampered  by  distance  from  school, 
bad  weather,  poor  roads,  poorly  trained,  inexperienced  teachers,  etc., 
as  is  the  case  in  rural  communities.  This  naturally  makes  for  better 
attendance  which  is  a  large  factor  in  rapid  promotion. 

Ths  purpose  of  this  chapter  is  not  to  point  out  the  reasons  for 
the  difference  in.  rates  of  progress  per  year,  but  simply  to  call 
attention  to  the  fact  that  there  is  a  wide  difference  between  different 
communities  in  the  rate  of  progress  per  grade  per  year.  The  rate 
of  progress  as  figured  here  is  a  reliable  index  which  takes  into  con- 
sideration the  whole  period  of  time  which  the  median  boy  should 
have  devoted  to  his  school  education.  It  is  altogether  likely  that 
the  median  boy  enters  school  at  about  six  years  of  age,  rather  than 


102  OUK  BOYS 

6.5,  as  has  been  assumed  here.  If  he  does  enter  school  at  six  years 
and  leaves  at  15.5  years,  he  has  9.5  years  to  devote  to  his 
schooling.  If  his  rate  of  progress  is  rapid,  due  to  good  attend- 
ance, good  instruction  and  a  high  rate  of  promotion,  he  will  cover 
more  grades  than  the  median  boy  in  a  community  where  these  con- 
ditions do  not  prevail.  Since  the  figures  in  this  report  show  that 
the  median  boy  in  all  sections  of  the  State  left  school  at  about  15.5 
years  of  age,  it  is  exceedingly  important  to  see  that  boys  enter  school 
at  six  years  of  age,  attend  regularly,  have  well  trained  teachers  and 
are  promoted  rapidly,  that  they  may  cover  as  many  grades  as  possible 
during  the  period  of  time  available  for  their  schooling. 

Greater  New  York  has  highest  rate  of  progress 

In  Greater  New  York  the  median  boy  left  school  at  15.5  years 
of  age  and  completed  8.3  grades.  Assuming  that  he  entered  at 
6.5  years  and  subtracting  this  from  the  15.5  years,  we  find  that  he 
devoted  nine  years  to  completing  8.3  grades.  Dividing  8.3  by  9 
we  get  an  average  rate  of  progress  per  grade  per  year  of  92.2 
percent.  Using  the  same  method  we  find  that  in  cities  over  25,000 
the  rate  of  progress  is  90.1  percent;  in  cities  under  25,000  the  rate 
is  86.9  percent;  in  villages  over  5,000  it  is  85.1  percent;  in  places 
under  5,000  it  is  84.9  percent,  and  in  the  employed  farm  boy 
group  it  is  only  82.8  percent.  It  is  easy  to  see  that  the  larger  the 
population  of  the  group  the  more  rapid  the  progress  of  the  boy. 

The  more  rapid  progress  in  the  larger  communities  is  due  to 
several  factors,  among  which  are  the  following:  The  teachers  have 
more  training  and  experience,  the  supervision  is  better,  the  children 
live  near  the  school,  and  their  attendance  is  more  regular  because 
they  are  not  hampered  by  weather  conditions,  distance,  poor  roads, 
etc.  Crowded  school  conditions  often  combine  with  the  above 
factors  in  fostering  rapid  promotion  without  which  the  rate  of 
progress  thru  the  grades  is  bound  to  be  too  slow.  In  rural  com- 
munities the  teachers  are  usually  young,  inexperienced  and  lacking 
in  supervision,  the  attendance  of  the  children  is  irregular  and  little 
effort  is  made  to  secure  a  high  rate  of  promotion. 

Whatever  may  be  the  reasons  the  rate  of  progress  varies  from  92.2 
percent  in  Greater  New  York  to  82.8  percent  in  the  group  of  farm 
boys  who  have  received  their  schooling  in  the  rural  schools  of  the 
State.  The  record  of  the  boys  in  the  farm  boy  group  has  been 


OUR  BOYS  103 

divided  into  counties  and  shows  a  variation  between  counties  of 
from  77.1  percent  in  the  case  of  Clinton  county  to  ninety-two  percent 
in  Queens  county  and  ninety-one  percent  in  Onondaga  county.  The 
number  of  farm  boys  in  Queens  county  is  relatively  very  small, 
as  a  large  portion  of  the  Queens  county  population  is  in  Greater 
New  York.  See  table  |No.  8-HHH  in  the  text. 

American  boys  have  highest  rate  of  progress 

In  New  York  city  American  born  boys  with  two  American  parents 
have  an  average  rate  of  progress  of  91.2  percent;  with  one  American 
parent  80.3  percent  and  with  two  foreign  parents  92.3  percent, 
while  foreign  boys  with  two  foreign  parents  have  a  rate  of  progress 
of  only  87.9  percent.  The  fact  that  the  average  rate  of  progress 
of  the  Russian  and  some  individual  groups  is  very  high  when  the 
l>oys  are  born  in  America  and  the  parents  are  foreign  born  accounts 
for  the  high  general  average  of  the  entire  group  of  American  boys 
with  two  foreign  parents  in  Greater  New  York.  In  the  cities  over 
25,000  the  American  boys  with  two  foreign  parents  have  a  record 
of  93.2  percent;  with  one  foreign  parent  91.2  percent;  with  two 
foreign  parents  88.7  percent:  while  the  foreign  born  boys  with 
foreign  born  parents  have  a  record  of  only  80.2  percent.  The 
relatively  low  records  of  the  boys  with  foreign  parents  in  cities 
over  25,000,  as  compared  with  the  records  of  boys  with  two  foreign 
parents  in  Greater  New  York  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  foreign 
Groups  in  the  smaller  cities  are  predominantly  the  unskilled  labor 
element  which  is  not  true  in  Greater  New  York. 

The  percent  of  boys  reporting  each  grade  as  the  last  one  completed, 
for  the  individual  cities  and  villages  of  the  State,  is  shown  on  tables 
No.  8-C,  8-D  and  8-E  (in  the  appendix)  and  on  charts  No.  8-C,  8-D, 
8-E  and  8-F. 


104 


OUR  BOYS 


<•*         '•*         *% 


LIT?   SCHOOL  EETOai  PiiCHCiG   5 TO  CSUiE 


COUPLKIBO  era  auM                                                                    12??  SCHOOL  BEPOHE  PX.CHDIS  ora  caxia 

COlfftSTIBG  7t! 

GSiQK 

LB7T  3CU30L  BEFORE  22ACHBIC  7TH  CEXIK 

COUPLZ7IHO  61 

H  O&LDB 

IJCF7  SCHOOL  BEPOHE  REACHIUO  8TH  (2U^S 

COISTIFTIKO  1ST  TBiX  H.S. 

LBFT  SCHOOL  SHCSB  EEiCaiHO  1ST  TV^-;  a.  3. 

coiffi£;nro  asD  TUB  a.  3. 

LSFT  SCHOOL  BKPORE  R&1CHI50  2*0  TSAR  E.3. 

CQUPIBTIBO  3RD  TEAS  H.S. 

IZP7  SCHOOL  BKPOH3  HSACHIHO  3RS  TBAH  H.S. 

COUFIETDJO  4TH  TKI»  H.S. 

LK?T  3CBOOL  DKfORE  REiCHIBG  4T!I  TEiB  K.S. 

Bixteeti,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  7>o//.s- 

PER  CEXT  COMPLETING  EACH  GRADE,  PER  CENT  DROPPING  OIT.  AND  TOTAL 

PER  CENT  Wno  HAD  DROPPED  OUT  BY  THE  END  OF  EACH  GRADE 

Chart  No.   SC. —  State  Summary 


OUR  BOYS 


105 


106 


OUK  BOYS 


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Wfo  HP 

k  1.1 

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fc: 

Ao!*rican  bom  \icyt 
th  ore  Ameriran  f.»n 


American  born  bey 
'"If  two  (oreifn  pircr 


pi  bofn  bnys 
fnrfipl  paMnt 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen,  Year  Old  Employed  Boys' 

LAST  GBADE  COMPLETED  AND  AGE  LEAVING  SCHOOL 
Chart  No.   8E. —  Greater  New  York,  Parentage  Groups 


On;  BOYS 


ClUe*  OTer  25,000 


107 
.  «x 


so*   ------ 

25*    - 


DD 


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67il234          -66«7»1234  -65S7«1234 

ocapleted         Amwican  bom  boy.  American  born  boys  American  born  boys 

\vith  two  American  parents.  vilh  one  American  parent.  with  two  foreign  parents. 

Onuia*  Ago* 

2£  p*n>mtll*       7.3  15.0 

nodlaa  8.4  15.8 

75  percffltll*       9.3  16.5 

Avaraga  percent 

of  a  grede  com-  90.3$  91.8^  S0.7^ 

pis  ted  each  year 


-«5S7«123» 
Foreign  born  boys 


with  two  foreign  parents. 


7.3 

8.3 
9.2 


14.8 

15,6 
16.4 


6.9 

7.9 
0.7 


IB  .4 
16.1 


7.3 
0.6 


14.9 

16.6 
15.3 


80.2^ 


last 




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5  16  17  18 

lug  eohool 


American  born  boy* 
,ih  tw»  Aowicia  parents. 


American  Lorn  boys 
with  one  American  parent. 


American  born  boys 
.th  two  foreign  parents. 


Foreign  bom  hoys 
•.,   ,        (nreian  mrcnrs. 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

LAST  GRADE  COMPLETED  AND  AGE  LEAVING  SCHOOL 
Chart  Xo.    8F.  —  Cities   over  25,000,  Parentage  Groups 

Many  individual  nationalities  have  very  high  records 

In  the  group  of  American  boys  with  two  foreign  parents  the 
Austro-Hungarians,  Germans,  Russians,  Scandinavians  and  Scotch 
have  a  record  of  over  ninety-four  percent,  excelling  the  all-American 
record,  which  is  92.1  percent  in  Greater  New  York.  In  the  group 
where  the  boys  and  parents  are  both  foreign  born,  the  Scandinavian 
and  the  Scotch  have  a  record  of  over  ninety-two  percent  excelling 
the  record  of  the  Greater  E~ew  York  all-American  group,  which  is 
91.2  percent. 

Records  of  boys  with  fathers  and  mothers  are  slightly  better 

There  is  practically  no  difference  between  the  rate  of  progress 
in  the  case  of  boys  having  a  father  and  boys  having  no  father. 


108  OUR  BOYS 

Boys  having  a  mother  have  a  slightly  better  record  than  boys  having 
no  mother.  It  is  interesting  to  note,  however,  that  the  best  of  these 
four  records  is  that  of  boys  having  a  mother,  which  is  93.3  percent, 
as  compared  with  92.2  percent  in  the  case  of  boys  having  a  father. 

Oldest  boys  make  most  rapid  progress 

In  the  American  and  foreign  groups  the  records  for  boys  of  vari- 
ous ranks  in  the  family,  show  in  each  instance  that  the  oldest 
boys  have  made  more  rapid  progress  than  their  younger  brothers. 
This  shows  conclusively  that  the  statement  which  is  commonly  made 
by  welfare  workers  that  oldest  boys,  particularly  in  our  foreign 
population,  do  not  receive  so  much  schooling  as  their  younger 
brothers  is  based  on  opinion  rather  than  facts.  The  average  welfare 
worker  gets  his  ideas  from  the  fact  that  he  comes  in  contact  with  a 
family  having  a  large  number  of  children  and  sees  the  older  boy 
taken  out  of  school  to  go  to  work  to  help  support  the  family.  He 
does  not,  however,  continue  his  acquaintance  with  this  family  long 
enough  to  discover  that  when  the  younger  children  arrive  at  the 
compulsory  age  limits  they  too  leave  school  to  go  to  work  and  very 
often  at  a  slightly  younger  age  than  the  older  children. 

Greater  New  York  holds  more  boys  thru  the  eighth  grade 

Chart  No.  S-C  compares  the  various  city,  village  and  farm  boy 
groups  in  regard  to  the  last  grades  completed,  the  percent  com- 
pleting each  grade  and  the  total  number  who  had  dropped  out  by 
the  end  of  each  grade.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  this  chart 
shows  only  the  last  grades  completed  and  does  not  take  into  account 
the  fact  that  some  of  these  boys  undoubtedly  took  some  work  in 
the  next  grade  above  before  dropping  out  of  school.  On  the  other 
hand,  probably  a  few  boys  overstated  their  cases  and  reported  as 
the  last  grade  completed  the  one  they  were  in  when  they  stopped 
school.  However,  these  questions  were  asked  by  experienced 
teachers  who  could  be  relied  upon  to  get  a  fairly  correct  answer  to 
this  question  by  methods  of  questioning  known  to  all  teachers.  For 
comparison  between  the  various  groups,  however,  the  facts  are  per- 
fectly reliable  as  the  percentage  of  error  would  be  the  same  in 
all  cases. 

The  number  of  boys  in  each  group  completing  the  fifth  grade  is 
about  the  same:  this  is  also  true  of  the  sixth  grade,  altho  the  larger 
cities  have  a  slightly  better  record.  Greater  Xew  York  and  the 


OUR  BOYS  109 

other  large  cities  make  a  better  showing  in  the  seventh  grade  than 
the  other  groups.  This  is  also  true  in  the  eighth  grade,  where  the 
record  of  New  York  City  is  over  sixty  percent,  as  compared  with 
only  fifty  percent  in  the  small  cities  and  villages. 

Greater  New  York  does  not  send  so  many  boys  to  the  high  school 

When  it  comes  to  completing  the  first  year  of  the  high  school, 
however,  Greater  New  York  is  excelled  by  all  the  other  city  and 
village  groups.  The  employed  farm  boys'  record  is  the  only  one 
lower  than  Greater  New  York.  Graduating  from  the  elementary 
school  has  been  a  time  honored  event  in  Greater  New  York  and 
has  been  promoted  for  many  years  by  the  alumni  associations  of 
these  schools.  It  is  only  within  recent  years  that  New  York  city 
has  had  tax  supported  high  schools  and  graduation  from  the  ele- 
mentary school  has  long  been  looked  upon  as  the  final  goal  of  public 
school  education.  The  emphasis  placed  upon  graduating  exercises 
may  have  a  tendency  to  hold  more  boys  in  school  to  the  end  of  the 
eighth  grade,  but  it  may  also  tend  to  make  them  and  their  parents 
think  their  education  has  been  fairly  well  completed  with  "  gradua- 
tion "  from  the  eighth  grade.  That  eighth  grade  graduation  is 
considered  a  final  goal  is  verified  by  the  fact  that  about  thirty 
percent  of  the  boys  in  Greater  New  York  gave  as  a  reason  for  leav^ 
ing  school,  "Graduated  from  the  eighth  grade."  With  the  excep- 
tion of  a  few  cities  where  similar  exercises  are  in  vogue,  a  very 
small  percent  gave  this  as  a  reason  for  leaving  school. 

The  largest  number  of  boys  leave  at  the  end  of  eighth  grade 

This  chart  also  shows  that  large  numbers  of  boys  leave  school 
before  the  end  of  the  seventh,  eighth  and  ninth  grades.  Greater  New 
York  does  not  lose  so  many  before  the  end  of  the  seventh  grade  as 
the  other  city  and  village  groups,  but  more  than  makes  up  the 
difference  by  the  end  of  the  ninth  grade  where  the  total  number  who 
have  left  school  is  eighty-two  percent  as  compared  with  about  75.8 
percent  in  cities  over  25,000  population. 

The  farm  boys  have  poorest  record 

Naturally  the  farm  boys,  because  of  many  handicaps,  such  as 
distance  from  school,  impassable  roads,  poorly  trained,  inexperienced 
teachers,  etc.,  make  a  poorer  showing  than  the  other  groups. 


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114  OUR  BOYS 

There  is  no  correlation  between  rank  in  family  and  grades  completed 

Charts  No.  8-G  and  No.  8-H  show  the  percent  of  boys  of  the  four 
parentage  groups  from  the  oldest  to  the  sixth  oldest  boy  that  com- 
pleted each  of  the  various  grades.  Chart  No.  8-G  gives  the  record 
for  Greater  New  York  and  chart  No.  8-H  gives  the  record  for  the 
other  cities  over  25,000  population.  Rank  in  the  family,  as  is  shown 
l>y  these  charts,  has  little  if  anything  to  do  with  the  number  of 
grades  completed.  It  has  commonly  been  assumed  that  oldest  boys 
•do  not  complete  so  many  grades  in  school  as  their  younger  brothers. 
These  two  charts  show  conclusively  that  in  each  of  the  four  parent- 
age groups  there  is  little,  if  any,  difference  in  the  amount  of  school- 
ing received  by  the  oldest  boys  and  their  younger  brothers. 

In  the  case  of  the  foreign  groups  there  is  a  marked  difference 
between  the  number  of  boys  who  complete  the  sixth,  seventh  and 
eighth  grades  in  Greater  New  York  (see  chart  ^No.  8-G)  and  in  the 
other  cities  over  25,000  (see  chart  No.  8-H).  The  fact  that  the 
foreign  population  of  Greater  New  York  is  very  cosmopolitan  while 
the  foreign  population  in  many  of  the  other  cities  over  25,000  popu- 
lation has  a  predominant  foreign  unskilled-labor  element  account? 
for  this  difference.  These  same  facts  have  been  discussed  in  other 
parts  of  this  chapter  as  well  as  in  Chapter  VI. 

Charts  No.  8-1  and  No.  8-J  show  the  number  of  boys  who  had 
dropped  out  of  school  on  the  completion  of  each  grade  and  also  the 
number  of  boys  dropping  out  at  the  end  of  each  grade  for  Greater 
New  York  and  the  other  cities  of  the  State  over  25,000  population. 


OUK  BOYS  115 


CHAPTER  IX 
Reasons  for  Leaving  School 

In  addition  to  the  answers  on  the  questionnaires  filled  out  by  the 
teachers  over  10,000  personal  interviews  with  these  boys  were  held 
by  the  inspectors  of  the  bureau  making  this  survey.  These  inter- 
viewers were  all  technically  trained  men  who  have  had  considerable 
experience  in  dealing  with  boys  of  these  ages  in  schools  and  shops. 
The  interviews  were  conducted  with  the  permission  of  the  employers 
during  working  hours.  Communities  of  all  sizes,  so  selected  as  to 
include  all  types  of  industry  in  the  various  sections  of  the  State, 
were  covered.  The  evidence  collected,  both  from  the  questionnaires 
and  these  interviews,  shows  clearly  as  has  been  previously  stated  in 
the  introduction,  that  the  reasons  given  by  boys  for  leaving  school 
are  not  "  real  "  reasons  but  "  good  "  reasons. 

The  attitude  of  society  in  general  toward  the  boy  who  leaves  school 
is  such  as  to  cause  him  to  seek  a  reason  which  will  in  a  measure 
relieve  him  of  social  disapproval.  If  he  can  find  one  which  will  not 
only  relieve  him  of  disapproval  but  which  will  at  the  same  time 
seemingly  gain  for  him  the  approval  of  society,  so  much  the  better. 
A  reason  of  this  type  is  "  graduated  from  the  eighth  grade  "  which 
was  given  by  about  thirty  percent  of  the  boys  in  New  York  City. 
The  fact  that  a  boy  graduates  from  the  eighth  grade  is  of  course  no 
reason  why  he  should  leave  school.  It  is  rather  a  reason  why  he 
should  think  of  entering  the  high  school  for  which  he  is  now  fully 
prepared.  On  the  other  hand  many  of  the  parents  of  these  boys  have 
long  looked  upon  graduation  from  the  New  York  City  elementary 
school  as  the  final  goal  of  all  educational  attainment.  This  is  due  to 
the  fact  that  until  very  recent  years  New  York  City  did  not  have 
publicly  supported  high  schools  and  graduation  from  the  elementary 
school  completed  public  school  education  in  the  city.  The  custom  of 
holding  elaborate  commencement  exercises,  encouraged  by  enthusias- 
tic organizations  of  the  alumni  of  these  schools,  naturally  has  a  tend- 
ency to  continue  the  impression  that  graduation  from  the  elemen- 
tary school  is  quite  sufficient.  It  is  one  of  the  reasons  why  the  New 
York  City  schools  hold  more  boys  to  the  end  of  the  eighth  grade  and 
send  fewer  to  the  high  school  than  the  other  communities  of  the 


116  OUR  BOYS 

State,  most  of  which  have  had  publicly  supported  high  schools  for 
a  long  period  of  years  and  do  not  feature  eighth  grade  graduation. 

The  term  "  graduated  "  which,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  of 
our  larger  cities,  was  given  as  a  reason  for  leaving  school  by  a  com- 
paratively small  percentage  of  the  boys  in  the  other  communities,, 
refers  to  graduation  from  the  high  school.  Without  doubt,  the  per- 
centage of  boys  who  reported  that  they  had  graduated  from  the 
eighth  grade  or  from  the  high  school  is  a  little  too  large  as  some  boy& 
who  neared  the  goal  probably  over-stated  their  cases.  In  reading 
chart  No.  9  and  table  "No.  9  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  term 
"  graduated  "  as  used  in  New  York  City  and  a  few  of  our  larger 
cities  refers  in  most  cases  to  the  eighth  grade  graduation  and  not  to- 
high  school  graduation  as  it  does  in  the  other  places. 

"  Wanted  to  work  "  which  includes  such  answers  as  "  To  go  to 
work,"  "  Wanted  to  learn  a  trade,"  "  To  get  money,"  etc.,  was  given 
as  a  reason  for  leaving  school  by  fifty-one  percent  of  the  boys  in 
Greater  New  York  and  by  from  sixty-two  to  seventy-two  percent  of 
the  boys  in  other  communities  of  the  State. 

Under  the  reason  "  Financial  "  were  included  every  answer  which 
by  any  stretch  of  the  imagination  could  be  construed  as  showing 
that  the  boy  had  been  compelled  to  leave  school  to  earn  money  either 
to  help  support  himself  or  others.  It  is  altogether  likely  that  the 
percentages  under  this  heading  are  too  high  and  that  many  of  these 
answers  should  really  have  been  classified  under  "  Wanted  to  work/-" 
Under  this  heading  is  included  such  answers  as  "  Had  to  work," 
"  Had  to  earn  money,"  "  To  help  support,"  "  To  get  clothes,"  "  To 
work  on  the  farm,"  etc.  It  should  be  noted  that  in  New  York  City 
where  family  expenses  are  higher  than  in  smaller  communities  only 
eleven  percent  of  the  boys  gave  financial  reasons  for  leaving  school 
as  compared  with  as  high  as  seventeen  percent  in  cities  under  25,000, 

"  Disliked  school,"  which  included  "  Trouble  with  the  teacher," 
"  Didn't  like  to  study,"  "  Tired  of  school,"  "  Disliked  the  teacher," 
"  Disliked  arithmetic,"  "  Disliked  English,"  etc.,  ranges  from  about 
three  percent  in  New  York  City  to  fifteen  percent  in  cities  under 
25,000. 

"  Sickness  "  and  "  Miscellaneous  "  reasons  combined  cover  about 
four  percent  of  the  cases. 

"  Wanted  to  work,"  "  Financial,"  and  "  Disliked  school  "  are  rela- 
tively small  in  New  York  City  where  "  Graduated  "  is  relatively 


OUR  BOYS 


117 


high.  In  the  other  communities  of  the  State  where  "  Graduated  "  is 
relatively  small,  "  Wanted  to  work,"  "  Financial "  and  "  Disliked 
school  "  are  relatively  high.  "  Wanted  to  work  "  probably  comes 
nearer  to  the  real  reason  why  boys  leave  school  than  any  of  the  others 
given.  It  is  also  a  reason  which  next  to  "  Graduation "  seems 
"  good  "  to  a  hoy.  He  gives  this  reason  with  confidence  because  he 
thinks  that  to  have  a  desire  to  work  is  commendable.  It  also  seems> 
commendable  to  "  Want  to  learn  a  trade  "  and  become  self-support- 
ing. The  reasons  given  under  the  heading  "  Financial "  are  often 
real  and  are  of  course  good  reasons  in  the  eyes  of  society.  Sickness 
is  also  a  plausible  reason,  altho  given  by  less  than  two  percent 
of  the  boys  of  the  State.  The  general  impression  gained  by  those 
who  interviewed  boys  in  the  shops  is  that  in  most  cases  "  Wanted  to 
work,"  "Financial,"  "Graduated"  and  "Disliked  school"  could 
well  be  classified  under  the  one  heading  "  Wanted  to  quit  school  and 
go  to  work." 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

REASONS  FOR  LEAVING  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.  9— SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

REASONS 

Total 
percent 

Wanted 
to  work 

Financial 

Gradu- 
ated 

Disliked 
school 

Miscell- 
aneous 

Sick 

Greater  New  York  

51.0 

64.8 
62.4 
68.8 
72.1 

68.7 

10.8 
13.0 
17.5 
13.4 
10.1 
18.7 

30.8 
8.4 
2.5 
2.8 
4.1 
2.9 

3.3 
10.8 
14.6 
11.6 
10.7 
5.9 

3.2 
1.3 

.7 
1.1 
.5 
.4 

.9 
1.7 
2.3 
2.3 
2.4 
3.4 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

Cities  over  25,000  
Cities  under  25,000  
Villages  over  5,000  
Places  under  5,000  
Employed  farm  boys  .... 

Charts  Xo.  9,  9-A  and  9LB  (see  tables  No.  9,  in  the  text  and  9-A, 
9jB  and  9-C,  in  the  appendix)  giving  the  records  for  the  individual 
cities  and  villages  show  quite  a  wide  variation  under  the  different 
headings,  altho  in  every  case  "  Wanted  to  work "  is  the  chief 
reason  given..  Without  doubt,  in  some  of  the  smaller  communities 
where  a  small  group  of  teachers  did  the  work,  the  answers  are  not  so 
reliable  as  in  the  larger  communities  because  the  questions  of  indi- 
vidual teachers  would  influence  the  results  slightly.  For  instance, 
in  a  small  community  when  a  hoy  was  asked  this  question,  if  he 


118 


OUR  BOYS 


hesitated,  an  individual  teacher  might  suggest  answers,  such  as 
"  Tired  of  school  ? "  "  Have  to  go  to  work  ?  "  when  if  she  had  sug- 
gested "  Wanted  to  go  to  work  ?  "  the  hoy  would  have  given  this 
answer*  just  as  quickly.  In  cases  where  one  or  two  teachers  enrolled 
most  of  the  boys  these  suggestions  would  be  reflected  in  the  answers. 
These  wide  variations,  however,  support  the  theory  that  after  all 
these  are  not  the  "  real "  reasons  why  boys  leave  school.  If  the 
"  real "  reasons  had  been  stated  in  every  case  each  place  would  have 
a  record  closely  resembling  that  of  the  groups  in  which  it  is  found. 

Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

KEASOWS  FOR  LEAVING  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.  9-D  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 


APTP  TTFAVTWr1 

REA 

SONS 

TVrfal 

SCHOOL 

Wanted 
to  work 

Finan- 
cial 

Gradu- 
ated 

Disliked 
school 

Miscell- 
aneous 

Sick 

percent 

Under*American  

42.1 

2.6 

42.1 

7.9 

5.3 

100.0 

14     tMixed  

00      0 

7.4 

50.0 

7.4 

1.9 

100  0 

^Foreign 

29  6 

18  5 

18  5 

18  5 

11  1 

3  8 

100  0 

Total  

35  3 

8  4 

40  4 

10  1 

2  5 

3  3 

100  0 

American  .  . 

51  6 

5  8 

37  8 

3  5 

1.3 

100  0 

14      Mixed  
Foreign  

50.5 
54  7 

9.1 
11.9 

34.8 
23.7 

4.7 
7.5 

.3 

.6 
2.2 

100.0 
100  0 

Total. 

51  5 

8  4 

34  2 

4  8 

1  i 

100  0 

American  .  . 

58  7 

4  4 

31  8 

3  5 

2 

1  4 

100  0 

5      Mixed  

55  0 

6  9 

33  1 

4.6 

.1 

1.3 

100  0 

Foreign 

47  0 

17  0 

29  0 

4  0 

1  5 

1.5 

100  0 

Total  

54  8 

7  7 

32  3 

4  2 

.3 

.7 

100  0 

59  6 

7  9 

26  7 

4  7 

3 

8 

100  0 

16       Mixed  .  .   . 

55  0 

9  0 

26  0 

8  4 

1  $ 

100  0 

Foreign  

59.2 

14.9 

21.4 

4.5 

100  0 

Total. 

57  1 

9  7 

25  4 

6  5 

1 

1  2 

100  0 

American  .  .  . 

53  3 

5  9 

35  6 

4  5 

.7 

100  0 

17      Mixed 

43  7 

9  3 

38  2 

6  1 

2  7 

100  0 

Foreign          .    . 

41  9 

11  3 

33.8 

8  2 

1.6 

3.2 

100  0 

Total  

46  9 

8.4 

36.6 

5.8 

.2 

2.1 

100.0 

36  7 

3  3 

50  0 

10  0 

100  0 

18      Mixed  

38  3 

11  7 

44.2 

5.8 

100  0 

Foreign 

50  0 

7  1 

21  4 

14  4 

7.1 

100  0 

Total  

39  8 

7  7 

42  3 

6.4 

3.8 

100  a 

American  

55  7 

5  9 

32  9 

4.4 

1.1 

100  0 

Total     Mixed  

51  9 

8  4 

32  4 

5  8 

1  5 

100  0 

Foreign  

51  4 

14  5 

25.4 

6.1 

1.1 

1.5 

100.0 

Grand  total      .  . 

53  2 

8  6 

31.3 

5  4 

3 

1  2 

100  0 

*  American  born  boys  with  American  born  parents. 

t  American  born  boya  with  foreign  born  or  mixed  parents. 

j  Foreign  born  boys  with  foreign  born  parents. 


OUR  BOYS 

Chart  No.  9-C  and  table  No.  9-D,  in  the  text,  show  the  reasons 
given  by  the  boys  of  the  American,  mixed  and  foreign  groups  in 
Greater  New  York  who  left  school  at  each  of  the  various  ages.  This 
chart  shows  that  fewer  boys  who  left  under  fourteen,  illegally,  leave 
because  they  "  wanted  to  go  to  work."  The  figures  of  this  "  under 
14-group  "  are  not  quite  so  trustworthy  as  the  other  groups  because 
^f  the  small  number  of  boys  involved.  The  majority  of  the  boys 
who  left  at  fourteen,  fifteen  and  sixteen  "  Wanted  to  go  to  work," 
the  percent  in  each  case  being  between  fifty  and  sixty.  The  number 
of  American  born  boys  who  "  Graduated  from  the  eighth  grade  "  is 
slightly  larger  than  foreign  born  boys  with  foreign  born  parents. 
In  this  latter  group,  however,  the  percentage  who  "  Had  to  go  to 
work  "  is  larger.  In  the  seventeen  and  eighteen  year  old  groups 
the  number'  who  "  Graduated "  is  larger  and  the  number  who 
"  Wanted  to  go  to  work  "  and  "  Had  to  go  to  work  "  is  correspond- 
ingly smaller.  Since  about  ninety  percent  of  the  boys  leave  school 
at  ages  fourteen,  fifteen  and  sixteen  and  the  majority  of  these  boys 
gave  "  Wanted  to  work "  and  "  Graduated  "  as  their  reasons  for 
leaving  school,  it  is  safe  to  conclude  that  the  "  real "  reason  why 
boys  leave  school  is  a  combined  sociological  and  biological  one,  best 
expressed  probably  by  the  boys  as  "  Wanted  to  go  to  work." 


120 


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OUR  BOYS 


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•anted  to  nork  |  financial   |&radoat«dj  Disliked  I  Sick  and 


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American., 


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'•  Mixed.... 
'*  Foreign., 


0%          !•%        »%        3»%        «%        St%        *»7o        ?•%        «•%        «t%       !«•? 

•  American  bom  boys  with  laarioun  born  parents. 
**  American  born  boys  with  ftarai^n  bom  or  mixed  parents* 
••*  Foreign  born  boys  with  A>mlgn  born  parents. 

Sixteen,  tierenlccn  and  Eighteen  IY.7"  Old  Employed  Boys 

REASONS  FOR  LEAVING  SCHOOL 
Cliart  Xo.  9C. — -Greater  Xew  York.  A2t  and  Parentage  Groups 


CHAPTER  X 
Kind  of  School  Last  Attended 

In  studying  charts  ]^o.  10,  10-A  and  10-11  and  tables  Xo.  10  m 
the  text,  10-a,  10-b  and  10-c  in  the  appendix,  it  should  be  remem- 
bered that  this  question  referred  to  the  school  last  attended  and  that 
most  of  a  boy's  education  might  have  been  received  in  some  other 
school  than  the  one  last  attended.  Since,  however,  most  of  the  boys 
did  not  get  beyond  the  elementary  school  it  is  safe  to  assume  that 
with  the  exception  of  Greater  New  York,  the  school  last  attended  was 
the  type  of  school  attended  most  of  the  time.  In  Greater  New  York 
many  boys  answered  "  Elementary  School "  and  did  not  state 
whether  public  or  parochial.  These  were  all  listed  as  being  public 
schools  altho  some  of  them  were  without  doubt  parochial.  This 
accounts  for  the  record  of  parochial  schools  in  New  York  being  pro- 
portionately smaller  than  in  the  other  large  cities  of  the  State. 

The  question  was  asked  primarily  to  find  out  if  possible  what 
special  interests  these  boys  might  have  in  vocational  schools  and 
others  offering  special  types  of  training.  The  answers  received 
show  that  these  interests  are  very  slight  and  that  the  majority  of 
boys  finish  their  education  in  the  public  elementary  schools. 

There  is  little  correlation  between  the  kind  of  school  last 
attended  and  persistence  in  school.  In  some  cities  with  a 
large  foreign,  unskilled  labor  element  we  find  a  large  number 
attending  parochial  schools  and  a  relatively  low  record  for  persist- 
ence in  school  beyond  the  compulsory  age.  In  other  cities,  however, 
having  a  large  number  who  attended  parochial  schools  there  is  a 
relatively  high  record  for  persistence  in  school  beyond  the  com- 
pulsory age.  Cohoes  and  Glens  Falls  respectively  have  such  records. 
See  Chapter  VI  on  persistence  in  school. 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

KIND  OF  SCHOOL,  LAST  ATTENDED 
TABLE  Xo.  10— SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

SCHOOL 

Total 
percent 

Public 

Parochial 

Private 

Vocational 

Greater  New  York  
Cities  over  25,000 

89.3 
84.4 
87.7 
91.4 
94.5 
97.1 

6.3* 
11.0 
9.0 
5.3 
3.6 
1.4 

2.5 

.6 
2.1 

2.7 
1.2 
1.2 

1.9 
4.0 
1.2 
.6 

.7 
.3 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

Cities  under  25,000  

Villages  over  5,000  
Places  under  5,000  

Employed  farm  boys  

i,    *  Data  not  accurate. 


OUR  BOYS 


125 


Greater  lew  Tork. . . . 
Cities  oTer  25,000. j 
Cities  uader  25 ,000 j 
Tillages  OTer  5.000J 
Placet  under  6,000.  J 
.toployed  farm  toys.  J 


OitlM  OTer  25,000 


I 


1  Albany  ......... 

a  Amsterdam  ...... 

3  Auburn  ......... 

4  Bloghamton..... 

6  Buffalo........ 

«  11m  Ira  ......... 

7  Jonestown.  ..... 

•  Kingston  ....... 

9  Mount  Vernon... 

10  I«*tmrgh  ....... 

11  Sew  Jbohelle... 

12  Siagsra  /alls.. 


14 

15  Jboheater... 

16  Soheneotady. 

17  Syracuse 

18  Troy  ......  .. 

1?  Dtloa  .....  .. 

20  Watertown 

21  Teaken 

i2  lewicrk.... 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

KIND  OF  SCHOOL  LAST  ATTENDED 
Chart  Xo.   10. —  State  Summary  and  Cities  over  25,000 


126 


ODE  BOYS 


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1 

• 

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1        : 


3£*& 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Tear  Old  Employed  Boys 

KIND  OF  SCHOOL  LAST  ATTENDED 
Chart  No.  10A.— Cities  under  25,000 


OUR  BOYS 


127 


7  H»stln«« 


10  HerJdmer 

11  BOOtlok  Milt.... 

12  midtoa  *ils 

15  Hantiagton 

14  lllon. 

15  JOABMB  City 

16 

IT 

18  Malon*.. 

19. 

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21  IU4! 

22 

23  Korth  Tarrytown.. 


26 

27  ratchogu* 


29  i-eon  I*a. 

30  Port  Cheater 


32 

33  Saraoae  LaJc«  ..... 

34  3m««*  J&lli  ..... 


36  Sarrytowa. 


30  Sat.rford. 

39  Waverly  ........  • 


IT.       *%       *% 


*         I 

r.      »%     »% 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

KIND  OF  SCHOOL  LAST  ATTENDED 
Chart  Xo.  10B  —  Villages  over  5,000 


128 


OUR  BOYS 


CHAPTER  XI 
Kind  of  Shop  Work  Done  in  School 

More  shop  work  is  done  in  the  larger  places 

Chart  "No.  11  and  table  Xo.  11  in  the  text,  show  that  the  percentage 
of  boys  who  had  woodworking,  varies  from  54  percent  in  Greater 
ISTew  York  to  only  11.2  percent  in  places  under  5,000  population 
and  that  the  percent  receiving  no  training  at  all  varies  from  39.2 
percent  in  Greater  New  York  to  87.5  percent  in  places  under  5,000. 
Miscellaneous  shop  work,  including  plumbing,  sheet-metal  work, 
electrical  work,  printing,  machine-shop  work,  forging,  auto-repairing, 
etc.,  varies  from  6.2  percent  in  Greater  New  York  to  1.3  percent  in 
places  under  5,000.  The  woodworking  refers  in  most  cases  to  forms 
of  elementary  manual  training.  Very  few  of  these  employed  boys 
had  any  training  in  State  aided  vocational  schools. 

Sixteen,,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Em-ployed  Boys 

SHOP  WORK  DONE  IN  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.  11  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

No 

training 

Wood 
working 

Miscell- 
aneous 

Total 
percent 

Greater  New  York.                                     

39.2 

54.6 

6.2 

100.0 

Cities  over  25  000 

55  6 

38  5 

5  9 

100  0 

Cities  under  25,000    . 

65.7 

32.0 

2.3 

100.0 

Villages  over  5  000 

68.5 

29.4 

2.1 

100.0 

Places  under  5,000  

87.5 

11.2 

1.3 

100.0 

Employed  farm  boys                                  ... 

.0 

.0 

.0 

100.0 

There  is  a  wide  variation  in  the  amount  of  training  given 

In  the  cities  over  25,000'  population  as  shown  on  chart  "No.  11 
(see  table  No.  11- A  in  appendix)  there  is  a  variation  in  the  percent 
of  boys  who  had  shop  work  of  from  76.4  percent  in  !N"ew  Rochelle  to 
only  2.2  percent  in  Watcrtowii.  In  cities  under  25,000  as  shown 
on  chart  No.  11-A  (see  table  JSTo.  11-B  in  the  appendix),  Glen  Cove 
heads  the  list  with  a  record  of  87. 2  percent  and  Salamanca  is  at  the 
other  end  with  .8  percent.  In  the  villages  over  5,000  as  shown  on 
chart  No.  11-B  (see  table  ]STo.  11-C  in  the  appendix)  Port  Chester 
leads  with  96.4  percent  and  about  a  third  of  the  list  compete  for  the 
record  at  the  other  end. 


OUR  BOYS  129 

Some  boys  were  trained  in  state  aided  vocational  schools 

The  cities  and  villages  having  well  organized  State  'aided  trade 
and  vocational  schools  such  as  Rochester,  Buffalo,  Elmira,  Mt. 
Vernon,  Yonkers,  New  York  and  several  smaller  cities  and  villages, 
show  that  they  have  reached  from  eight  to  about  twenty  percent  of 
the  boys.  The  above  mentioned  charts  and  tables  show  very  con- 
clusively that  the  majority  of  the  boys  however  received  little  or  no 
shop  training,  aside  from  elementary  manual  training,  altho  some 
individual  cities  and  villages  have  most  excellent  records. 


130 


OUR  BOYS 


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OUR  BOYS 


OUR  BOYS  13*3 


CHAPTER  XII 
Best  and  Least  Liked  Studies 

Each  boy  was  asked  to  state  his  best  liked  and  least  liked  study. 
The  resulting  answers  have  been  classified  by  grades,  city  and  parent- 
age groups  with  a  view  to  determining  if  possible  just  where  the 
greatest  likes  and  dislikes  for  certain  studies  are  located,  and  also  to 
compare  the  likes  and  dislikes  for  various  studies  in  each  of  the 
grades  in  each  one  of  the  city  and  village  groups.  Charts  No.  12, 
12-A,  12-B,  12-C,  12-D,  etc.,  which  are  derived  from  tables  'No.  12  to 
12-Z,  inclusive,  in  the  appendix,  show  the  studies  liked  best  and  least 
by  boys  leaving  school  on  the  completion  of  each  of  the  various 
grades  in  the  city,  village  and  farm  boy  groups.  It  has  been  assumed 
that  in  the  majority  of  cases  the  boys  named  the  subjects  most  liked 
and  disliked  in  the  last  grades  completed.  The  like  or  dislike  for 
a  given  subject  may  in  some  cases  of  course  have  been  increased  by 
a  further  study  of  the  same  subject  for  a  short  period  of  time  in  the 
grade  following  the  last  one  completed  by  the  boy.  For  purposes 
of  comparison,  however,  the  data  here  given  are  reliable  as  the  same 
percentage  of  error  would  prevail  in  all  sections  of  the  State.  It  is 
also  important  to  note  that  uniform  courses  of  study  are  used  in 
all  the  schools  of  the  State. 

The  boys  who  expressed  a  like  and  dislike  for  certain  subjects  in 
the  fifth  grade  are  those  who  left  school  on  or  shortly  after  the  com- 
pletion of  this  grade  and  the  likes  and  dislikes  expressed  by  the 
sixth  grade  group  are  in  no  way  influenced  by  the  fifth  grade  group. 
This  is  true  of  every  other  grade.  It  is  possible  to  conceive  that  a 
dislike  for  English  as  stated  by  a  boy  leaving  school  on  or  soon 
after  the  completion  of  the  eighth  grade  might  be  a  dislike  for  it 
acquired  in  some  previous  grade  and  still  retained  so  strongly  as  to 
supersede  other  dislikes  acquired  in  the  eighth  grade.  However, 
il  can  safely  be  assumed  that  in  the  vast  majority  of  cases  the  likes 
and  dislikes  indicated  were  for  subjects  studied  in  the  last  grade 
completed.  Dislike  for  a  subject  does  not  register  the  quality  of 
the  dislike.  It  may  be  a  very  mild  or  a  decidedly  strong  dislike. 

Mathematics,  English,  History,  Geography  and  Spelling  receive 
a  great  deal  of  attention  in  the  form  of  likes  and  dislikes,  while  such 
subjects  as  Drawing,  Manual  Training,  Elementary  Science,  etc.,  get 


134  OUR  BOYS 

little  attention.  This  may  possibly  be  due  to  the  form  of  the 
questions  on  the  questionnaire,  which  were  as  follows :  "  Best  liked 
study  ?  "  "  Least  liked  study  ?  "  If  the  word  "  study  "  as  used  was 
misleading  does  it  not  indicate  that  Manual  Training  and  Drawing 
have  not  yet  reached  the  point  where  they  are  naturally  included  by 
students  and  teachers  in  the  list  of  studies  for  each  grade,  but  are 
regarded  as  extraneous  ?  However,  in  other  studies  of  likes  and  dis- 
likes where  the  subjects  were  arranged  in  alphabetical  order  and  the 
pupil  checked  the  ones  liked  best  and  least,  Drawing,  Manual  Train- 
ing, Physical  Training,  Music,  Domestic  Science,  etc.,  received  little 
attention. 

These  studies  in  likes  and  dislikes  are  of  course  very  crude  but 
covering  as  they  do  such  a  large  number  of  cases  and  showing  such 
a  wide  difference  in  the  maximum  and  minimum  likes  and  dislikes 
for  the  different  subjects  in  the  different  grades,  show  the  need  for 
a  much  more  careful  State-wide  investigation  of  this  matter  in  the 
schools  themselves.  The  purpose  of  such  a  study  would  be  to  dis- 
cover where  the  courses  of  study  and  methods  of  teaching  should 
be  modified  so  as  to  make  a  more  uniform  appeal  to  the  children  in 
the  various  grades.  The  theory  that  there  is  a  disciplinary  value  in  a 
study  whose  content  does  not  make  any  appeal  to  the  pupil  has  been 
shown  by  psychological  investigation  to  be  without  foundation.  As 
a  matter  of  fact  when  a  subject  ceases  to  be  interesting  pupils  cease 
to  study  it  and  therefore  gain  none  of  the  so-called  disciplinary 
training.  Because  a  study  is  difficult  does  not  necessarily  mean  that 
it  is  uninteresting,  nor  does  the  fact  that  a  subject  is  easy,  make  it 
interesting. 

Studies  were  grouped  under  eleven  headings 

The  term  "  Mathematics  "  covers  all  forms  of  mathematics  taught 
in  the  elementary  and  high  schools.  "  English  "  covers  oral  English, 
Written  English,  Grammar,  Language  and  Literature.  "  History  " 
covers  United  States  History,  American  History  and  Civics,  Ancient 
History,  English  History  and  Modern  History.  "  Geography " 
covers  Political  Geography.  " Drawing"  covers  Free-hand  and 
Mechanical  Drawing.  "  Elementary  Science  "  covers  Nature-study, 
Physiology,  Biology  and  General  Science.  "Advanced  Science" 
covers  Chemistry,  Physics  and  Physical  Geography.  "  Language  " 
covers  all  foreign  languages  such  as  French,  German,  Spanish, 
Italian,  Latin  and  Greek. 


OUR  BOYS 


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3 

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8  Manual  Tr. 


Sixteen,    Seventeen    and   Eighteen    Year    Old  Employed  Boys 

BEST  AND  LEAST  LIKED  STUDIES 
Chart  No.  12. —  State  Summary  for  Fifth  Grade 


136 


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Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BEST  AND  LEAST  LIKED  STUDIES 
Chart  No.   12A. —  State  Summary  for   Sixth  Grade 


OUE  BOYS 


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HTiar.f  "\Tr>    19R  —  Sta.t.p  SiiTnmarv  for  Seventh  Grade 


138 


OUR  BOYS 


CHART  NO.   12C   —   STATE  SUMMARY  TOR  8_S  GRiDE. 


I  I 

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3  Geography 

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STTIDTES 


OUR  BOYS 


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Sixteen    Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BEST  AND  LEAST  LIKED  STUDIES 

High    School 


140 


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history              4  &!•.    Scleaco  — 

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Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
BEST  AND  LEAST  LIKED  STUDIES 

High    School 
Chart  No.  12E. —  State  Summary  for  Second  Year  High  School 


Gun  BOYS 


141 


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Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BEST  AND  LEAST  LIKED  STUDIES 
Chart  No.    12F. —  State   Summary  for  Third  Year  High   School 


142 


OUR  BOYS 


Train.  9  AdT.  Science 
SubJ.     10  Geography 
Spelling         11  Spelling 
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1 

2  History 

tics    3  Adr.  Soienoe 

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Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BEST  AND  LEAST  LIKED  STUDIES 
Chart  No.   12G. —  State  Summary  for  Fourth  Year  High   School 


OUR  BOYS  143 

Charts  No.  12  to  12-G  inclusive  sliow  the  comparative  likes  and 
dislikes  for  each  subject  in  each  of  the  city,  village  and  farm 
groups.  Chart  No.  12  gives  these  comparisons  for  the  fifth  grade; 
No.  12-A  for  the  sixth  grade;  No.  12-B  for  the  seventh  grade;  No. 
12-C  for  the  eighth  grade ;  No.  12-D  for  the  first  year  of  the  high 
school;  No.  12-E  for  the  second  year  of  the  high  school;  No.  12-F 
for  the  third  year  of  the  high  school  and  No.  12-G  for  the  fourth 
year  of  the  high  school.  This  series  of  charts  is  useful  for  making 
comparisons  by  city,  village  and  farm  groups  between  the  best  and 
least  liked  studies  for  each  grade  separately. 

Charts  No.  12-H  to  12-O  inclusive,  show  comparative  likes  and 
dislikes  for  individual  studies  by  grades  and  by  the  various  city, 
village  and  farm  groups.  These  charts  are  useful  for  studying  the 
likes  and  dislikes  of  individual  subjects  and  enable  anyone  to  make 
a  comparison  between  the  various  city,  village  and  farm  groups 
in  the  matter  of  likes  and  dislikes  for  any  particular  grade.  Charts 
No.  12-P  to  12-T  inclusive,  make  a  comparison  between  the  various 
city,  village  and  farm  groups  showing  the  like  and  dislike  for  each 
study  in  each  of  the  grades  within  the  group. 

Mathematics  ranks  first  in  like  and  second  in  dislike 

Chart  No.  12-H  compares  by  grades  the  like  and  dislike  for  mathe- 
matics in  the  various  city,  village  and  farm  groups.  Chart  No.  12-P 
makes  similar  comparisons  by  grades  within  each  of  the  city,  village 
and  farm  groups.  (See  tables  No.  12  to  12-E,  No.  12-N  to  12-S  in 
the  text.)  In  Greater  New  York  Mathematics  is  uniformly  liked  in 
all  the  grades  and  the  high  school  by  about  thirty-seven  percent  of 
the  boys  and  uniformly  disliked  by  about  twenty-two  percent  of  the 
boys.  In  the  cities  over  25,000  Mathematics  is  uniformly  liked  by 
about  forty-three  percent  of  the  boys  and  disliked  by  about  twenty- 
one  percent.  In  the  cities  under  25,000  Mathematics  is  uniformly 
liked  by  about  forty-three  percent  of  the  boys  and  disliked  by  about 
twenty-one  percent  of  the  boys.  In  the  villages  over  5,000  population 
it  is  liked  by  about  forty-two  percent  and  disliked  by  about  twenty- 
one  percent.  In  the  farm  boy  group,  however,  the  uniform  like 
increases  to  about  forty-nine  percent  and  the  dislike  decreases  to 
about  seventeen  percent.  While  the  like  for  Mathematics  is  almost 
twenty  percent  greater  than  that  for  any  other  subject  the  dislike 


144  OUR  BOYS 

for  Mathematics  is  only  fifteen  percent  less  than  the  dislike  for 
English  which  stands  first  on  the  list  for  dislike.  Altho  Mathe- 
matics is  the  best  liked  study  it  also  ranks  second  in  the  list  ctf 
disliked  subjects.  The  remarkable  uniformity  in  the  percentage  of 
like  and  dislike  for  the  subject  of  Mathematics  in  all  the  grades  in  all 
communities  of  the  State,  indicates  that  the  course  of  study  in  Mathe- 
matics is  uniformly  interesting  to  from  forty-three  to  forty-eight 
percent  of  the  boys  and  uniformly  uninteresting  to  from  sixteen  to 
twenty  percent  of  the  boys. 


OUR  BOYS 


145 


LEiST  LLE2D 


w 


SK/f,       30* 


5th  G.UDE 
j  Greater  Mew  York                  1        Villages  over  5,000 

'  '  !  '  1 

1  Places  under  5,000              3        anployad  farm  boys 

j  Cities  over  25,000               4         Cities  under  25,000 

I  Villages  over  5,000            5        Places  under  5,000 

.  .  1 

1  Cities  under  25,000            6        Greater  tie*  York 

6th  GBUJS 
I  Greater  New  York                  1        alloyed  farm  boys 

i      i      i 

Cities  under  25,000            2        Cities  over  25,000 

•  '  ;  r 

Places  under  5,000              3        Cities  under  25,000 

Villages  over  5,000            4        Places  under  5,000 

±j  .,  ,j  1 

Cities  over  25,000              5        Villages  over  5,000 

•pi 

7th  GB4DE 
Greater  Hew  York                 l        alloyed  form  boys 

!           j          1           i 
!'!' 

Places  under  5,000             2        Cities  under  25,000 

I  Cities  over  25,000             3        Places  under  5,000 

1  Cities  under  25,000            4        Cities  over  25,000 

••  H 

1  anployed  faun  boys              6        Greater  New  York 
8th  GBADE 
Places  under  5,000              1        asployed  farm  boys 

|                i 
!        '        '        ' 

Greater  liew  York                 2        Cities  under  25,000 
Villages  over  5,000            3        Places  under  5,000 
Cities  over  25,000             4        cities  over  25,000 

L  ,  -i    j 

Cities  under  25,000            6        Villages  over  5,000 
anployed  farm  boye             6        Greater  Hew  York 
1  st  YBAB  HIGH  SCHOOL 
Cities  under  25,000            1        dnployed  farm  boya 
Cities  over  25,000              £        Places  under  5,000 

Places  under  5,000             4        Villages  over  5,000 
Villages  over  5,000             5    *  Cities  under  25,000 

2nd     YEAS  HIGH  SCHOOL 
Cities  under  25,000            1        aaployed  fan  boy* 
Greater  Hew  York                 2        Village!  over  5,000 

|       i      |      I 

Cities  over  25,000              3        Cities  under  25,000 
Places  under  5,000              4        Places  under  5,000 
Villages  over  5,000            5        Cities  over  25,000 

3d     Y2AB  HIGH  SCHOOL 
Cities  under  25,000            1        anployed  fan  boy* 
Villages  over  5,000            2        Places  under  5,000 

i        !        '        ! 

Greater  Hew  York                  3        Villages  over  5,000 
j  anployed  farm  boys              4        Cities  over  25,000 
Places  under  5,000              5        Cities  under  25,000 

<  i  i  :—  ' 

Cities  over  25,000              6        Greater  New  York 
4th  Y£A£  HIGH  SCHOOL 
Cities  under  25,000            1        alloyed  farm  boys 
Greater  New  York                  2        Villages  over  5,000 

1      j      I 

Employed  farm  boys               3        Places  under  5,000 
Cities  over  25,000              4        Cities  under  25,000 
Places  under  5,000              5        Cities  over  25,000 

Villages  over  5,000           6        Greater  New  York 

50?; 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

MATHEMATICS 
Chart  No.  12H. —  State  Summary  for  all  Grades 


146 


OUR  BOYS 


Uait  Liked          MATHHUTI03  Bout  LUcad 

30*      aft      10*        Ojtf  <0*      10*      20*      SO*      40*      60*£ 

Greater  Sow  York  i 


30*      20* 


20J4       30?t       40*       SO* 


I*aat  LUcad   HISTOKT  B«st  Lltod 

1051      ojJ  o^      1055     sof,     tofr 

iir»at«r  New  YorJc 
Gth  Cratfi 


Cltlea  orer  25,000 


Cities  under  25,000 


Villages  orer  5,000 


Plaoe*  under  5,000 

8th  CrO* 


ftq>loyed  yarm  8071 


10*     2051 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

MATHEMATICS  AND  HISTORY 

Chart  No.  12P. —  Grade  Summary  for  City, 

Village  and  Farm  Groups 


OUR  BOYS  147 

English  is  the  most  disliked  study 

Chart  No.  12-1  compares  by  grades  the  like  and  dislike  for  English 
in  the  various  city,  village  and  farm  groups.  Chart  No.  12-Q  makes 
similar  comparisons  by  grades  within  each  of  the  city,  village  and 
farm  groups.  (See  tables  No.  12  to  12-E,  and  No.  12-N"  to  12-S  in 
the  text.)  From  twenty-five  to  thirty  percent  of  the  boys  disliked 
English  in  the  fifth  grade,  the  dislike  being  slightly  greater  in 
Greater  New  York  than  in  the  other  groups.  This  dislike  increases 
until  it  reaches  its  maximum  in  the  eighth  grade  where  it  is  about 
forty-three  percent.  It  then  gradually  decreases  to  almost  twenty 
percent  in  the  fourth  year  of  the  high  school.  From  ten  to  fifteen 
percent  of  the  boys  like  English  in  the  fifth  grade.  This  like 
decreases  gradually  up  to  the  eighth  grade  and  then  increases 
slightly  in  the  high  school.  English  is  the  one  subject  required  in 
all  grades  and  in  each  year  of  the  high  school  and  it  is  quite  evident 
that  the  course  of  study  as  arranged  at  present  does  not  appeal  to 
boys.  Many  theories  have  been  advanced  in  an  endeavor  to  explain 
why  boys  do  not  like  English.  The  data  of  this  survey  simply 
indicate  that  English  is  not  interesting  to  boys.  A  further  study  of 
this  subject  should  be  made  in  each  grade  endeavoring  to  discover 
the  percent  of  like  and  dislike  for  oral  English,  written  composition, 
grammar  and  literature.  The  subject  as  here  discussed  necessarily 
covers  all  of  these  branches  of  the  subject.  Personal  interviews 
with  a  large  number  of  boys  have  revealed  the  fact  that  oral  and 
written  English  as  well  as  grammar  and  literature,  as  at  present 
presented,  fail  to  interest  many  boys.  Correlation  tables  were  made 
for  the  various  nationality  groups  to  see  whether  English  was  more 
disliked  by  foreign  born  boys  than  by  American  born  boys.  It  was 
discovered  that  English  was  no  more  distasteful  to  foreign  born 
boys  than  to  American  born  boys  and  in  some  instances  the  foreigners 
expressed  a  slightly  greater  like  for  English  than  did  the  American 
born  boys.  These  different  nationality  correlation  tables  are  not 
published  in  the  report  because  of  lack  of  space.  It  should  be  noted 
that  the  like  for  English  is  greater  than  the  like  expressed  for  a 
number  of  the  other  studies. 


148 


OUR  BOYS 


Least  Llxed 


4031      302 


Best  Liked 

StaGBWffl 

0*       1C#       20/i      3 

Greater  He*  York                1 

anployed  farm  boys 

;      1 

Villages  orer  5/X>0            2 

Greater  Hew  York 

13 

Cities  under  25,000            3 

Places  under  5pOO 

l 

aaployed  farm  boya            4 

Cities  under  25pOO 

i 

Cities  over  23)00              5 

Cities  over  25pOO 

1 

Places  under  5,000              6 

Villages  over  5pOO 

1 

6th  GiUiB 

Greater  New  York               1 

Greater  He*  Yoit 

' 

Cities  over  25pOO              z 

Places  under  5,000 

IZZ3 

Cities  under  25,000             3 

Cities  under  25,000 

ZZ3 

Villages  over  5pOO            4 

Villages  over  5pOO 

zz: 

Qnployed  farm  boys            5 

anployed  farm  boys 

~~~] 

Places  under  5poo              6 

Cities  over  25000 

zu 

7th  GBUa 

Greater  Hew  YoUc               l 

Greater  New  Yortc 

'l 

Saployed  farm  boys            2 

Cities  over  25000 

r 

Places  under  5000              3 

Cities  under  25000 

Z3 

Cities  under  25000            4 

Villagos  ovor  5000 

Villages  over  5000            5 

Places  under  5000 

ZU 

Cities  over  25000              * 

alloyed  farm  boys 

8th  GRADE 

Greater  Jferc»  YoA               1 

Greater  lew  York 

1 

anployed  farm  boya            2 

Cities  under  25000 

zzn 

Cities  over  25000              3 

Villagea  over  5000 

mu 

Places  under  5000              4 

Citiea  over  25000 

ZZ3 

Cities  under  25000            5 

Places  under  5000 

__j 

Villages  over  5000            6 

Employed  farm  boys 

ZI 

1st  YBLB  HIGH  SCHOOL 

Cities  over  23030              1 

Greater  Haw  York 

'     1 

anployed  fana  boys            2 

Cities  under  25000 

=      ' 

Village*  over  5000            3 

Cities  over  25000 

:l 

Citiea  under  25000            4 

Villages  over  5000 

=^ 

Places  tmder  5000              5 

Places  under  5000 

Greater  New  York               6 

anployed  farm  boys 

ZZDi 

2d  YSiB  HIGH  SCHOOL 

! 

Cities  over  25000              1 

Cities  over  25000 

' 

Bnployed  farm  boys            2 

Greater  Hew  York 

•    i 

Villagea  over  5000             3 

Cities  under  25000 

1 

Citiea  under  25000            4 

Places  under  5000 

1 

Greater  Hew  York               5 

Villages  over  5000 

ZHJ 

Places  under  5000              6 

Sqployed  farm  boys 

a 

3d  YEifi  HIGH  SCHOOL 

Cities  over  25000              1 

Villages  over  5000 

i 

Villages  over  5000            Z 

Greater  Hew  Yorfc 

i 

Citiea  under  25000            3 

Cities  under  25000 

••' 

Bsployed  farm  boys            4 

Citiea  over  25000 

i 

* 

Greater  New  York               5 

anployed  faru  boya 

—  >; 

Places  under  5000              6 

Places  under  5000 

zz: 

4th  YEA2  HIGH  SCHOOL 

alloyed  farm  boys            1 

Greater  Hew  York 

1    ' 

Cities  over  25000              2 

Cities  ovor  25000 

i 

Places  under  5000              3 

Cities  under  25000 

zizr 

Cities  under  25000            4 

Places  under  5000 

__j 

Villages  over  5000            5 

Villages  over  5000 

ZZ3 

Greater  Hew  York               6 

anployad  fana  boya  . 

10JS      20^ 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

ENGLISH 
Chart  No.   121. —  State  Summary  for  all  Grades 


OUR  BOYS 


149 


Least  Liked 


ENGLISH       Best  Liked 


UBOUbQBS    Beat  Liked 


40*      so*     art 


lojt      205? 


I 

90% 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Tear  Old  Employed  Boys 

ENGLISH  AND  LANGUAGES 
Chart   No.    12Q. —  Grade  Summary  for  City,  Village  and  Farm  Groups 


150  OUR  BOYS 

History  ranks  second  in  like  and  about  fifth  in  dislike 

Chart  ^N"o.  12-J  compares  by  grades  the  like  and  dislike  for  History 
in  the  various  city,  village  and  farm  groups.  Chart  No.  12-P  makes 
similar  comparisons  by  grades  within  each  of  the  city,  village  and 
farm  groups.  (See  tables  No.  12  to  12-E  and  No.  12-N  to  12-S  in 
the  text.)  The  like  for  History  increases  uniformly  from  the  fifth 
to  the  eighth  grade  where  it  reaches  almost  thirty  percent  The  like 
then  gradually  decreases  thruout  the  high  school.  This  is  par- 
ticularly encouraging  when  it  is  recalled  that  as  the  amount  of  His- 
tory required  in  the  grades  increases,  the  like  for  the  subject  also 
increases,  reaching  its  maximum  in  the  eighth  grade.  The  record 
for  the  first  year  of  the  high  school  where  most  pupils  study  History 
is  also  high.  In  the  upper  grades  of  the  high  school  the  percent 
liking  the  subject  gradually  decreases.  The  dislike  for  History,  how- 
ever, on  the  other  hand  is  uniformly  about  seven  percent  thruout 
all  the  grades  and  the  high  school  in  each  one  of  the  city,  village 
and  farm  groups.  This  small  and  uniform  dislike  for  History 
indicates  that  the  subject  fails  to  appeal  to  a  uniformly  small  percent 
of  the  boys  in  each  grade.  The  fact  that  the  dislike  does  not  increase 
in  the  seventh  and  eighth  grades  where  more  time  is  devoted  to  the 
subject  verifies  this  statement.  It  is  unfortunate  that  the  boys  were 
not  asked  to  state  their  second  best  liked  and  second  least  liked  study 
as  it  would  then  be  possible  to  measure  in  some  degree  how  much 
stronger  the  like  for  Mathematics  was  than  the  like  for  History  or 
vice  versa.  The  important  fact  to  note  with  regard  to  the  like  and 
dislike  for  History  is  that  as  the  amount  of  work  increases  the  like 
for  the  subject  increases  while  the  dislike  remains  uniformly  quite 
small,  indicating  that  the  course  of  study  is  so  arranged  as  to  make 
an  increasing  appeal  to  the  boys  as  the  requirements  increase. 


OUR  BOYS 


151 


Least  Lifced 
20*      IX*      0*                                             HI3TOHr 

n*n                                                            5th   GR4DJ5 

»  Places  under  5000                1 
B9  Villages  over  5000             2 
•1  Cities  uadar  25000              3 
OB  Greater  Hew  fork                 4 
fli  alloyed  farm  boys             5 
i        •  Cities  over  26000               6 

BBl  anployed  f  am  boys              1 
BB  Greater  Hew  York                2 
••villages  over  5000              3 
BB  Places  under  5000                4 
BH  Cities  under  25000              5 
•  Cities  over  25000               6 
I                                                      7th  GB4JX 
BEBHB  anployed  fara  boy*             1 

Best  Liked 

0*  w*      atf 

Places  under  5000 
Greater  Hew  York               •  —  J 
Tillages  over  5000               1 
anployed  farm  boys             t 
Cities  under  25000     Hi- 
Cities  over  25000      HZ3 

Greater  Haw  York                          ' 
Tillages  over  5000                     ' 
Places  under  5000 
alloyed  farm  boys     "         ZH3 
Cities  under  25000     -          i    t 
Cities  over  25000       ZH3            | 

i                                 ; 

EBBR  Places  under  5000                2 

BBB  TUl^SBS  over  5000               3 

BBl  Sitles  under  25000             4 
BBi  Cities  over  25000               5 
••i  ftreatar  Hew  York                 6 

alloyed  fan  boys     '.  —  —  4 
Cities  under  25000                          f 
Cities  over  25000                       1 

i                 i 

BBBJBnployed  faro  beys             1 
BBlplaoea  under  5000               2 

T113*«es  orer  5000      !  !  f 

BBiCitlee  over  25000                3 
BBfCitles  under  25000              4 
BBvillsges  over  5000             5 

Cities  over  25000        i           |        ' 
Greater  Hew  York         ;  r—  ' 

••Greet  er  Hew  York                6 

:                          1st  ma  HIGH  i 

BHOOL                                               i                       ' 

BBl  villages  over  5000             1 
••Cities  over  25000               2 

Cities  over  25000                  "  "  —  ^ 

•B  Br^leyed  fain  boys            3 

Plaoes  under  5000         —       J 

•1  Greater  Hew  York               4 

•  Cities  under  25000           5 
B  Places  under  5000             6 
J  2d  YBA.B  HIGH 

Cities  under  25000                             ^ 
Oreater  Hew  Yodc                    :      ^ 

BBB1  Villages  over  5000              1 
•B  places  uMer  5000               2 
BBi  Cities  under  25000              3 
BB  anployed  tern  boys              4 
BB  Cities  over  25000                5 
Bl  Greater  Hew  York                 6 
3d  Y2&3  HIGH 

alloyed  faun  boys                        "-^ 
TiUages  over  5000     • 
Cities  over  25000       '.  — 
Cities  under  25000                :      i 
Greater  Hew  Yoxfc                   •    • 
SCHOOL 

BBi  Tillages  over  5000             1 

BBi  Cities  under  25000             2 
BB  Grsater  Bew  7ork              3 
BB  Cities  over  E5000                4 
BB  anployed  farm  boys             5 
BB  Plaoes  under  5000               6 

4tn  raa  HIGE 

Cities  under  25000                •     1 
Cities  over  25000                      I 
Greater  Hew  York                    ' 
Tillages  over  25000   HUH 
[  SCHOOL                                              j            1 

BB  Snployed  fana  boys               1 
BB  Tillages  over  5000              2 
BB  Greater  Haw  York                 3 
Bl  Cities  under  25000              4 
Bl  Cities  over  25000                5 
i        B  Places  under  5000                6 

Cities  under  25000     ___— 
anployed  fam  boys                          ' 
Greater  Hew  York        ^mn 
Cities  over  25000                         ' 
Places  under  5000                       1 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

HJSTOBY 
Chart  No.   12J. —  State   Summary  for  all  Grades 


152  OUR  BOYS 

Geography  is  most  disliked  in  the  lower  grades 

Charts  No.  12-K  and  12-K.  compare  the  likes  and  dislikes  for  geog- 
raphy by  grades  and  by  the  various  groups.  (See  tables  No.  12  to 
12-E,  and  No.  12-JST  to  12-S  in  the  text.)  The  dislike  for  Geography 
is  greatest  in  the  fifth  grade  and  the  like  for  Geography  is  about 
uniform  in  the  fifth,  sixth  and  seventh  grades.  It  is  noticeable  that 
the  like  and  dislike  for  Geography  reaches  into  the  high  school. 
Of  course  these  likes  and  dislikes  were  acquired  in  the  grades.  This 
suggests  that  some  of  the  like  and  dislike  in  the  upper  grades  for 
other  subjects  has  also  been  carried  over  from  the  lower  grades. 
It  does  not  show,  however,  on  the  tables  and  charts  because  most  of 
the  other  subjects  are  taught  in  the  high  school-  as  well  as  in  the 
grades. 


OUR  BOYS 


153 


3  3 


S 


fc  H  S  1  *     1*88!?     *  fc  *  *>:*  I     *  ^  *  s  e 

iMJij  [HI!?  liMIJ  Mr 


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il^l       I  JJ  J*|       ill  S   I  I      |55l5 

o  £  *  m  o  *      >oA,SsS      3  2  3  o  2  Jl      Soo^l* 


EI4 I ]       S555|«     11115 
g  *    .   §  1  ^      6   *1    9    « 


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154 


OTJR  BOYS 


least  Liked 


DBmHG 


Greater  ;,ew  York 
I     6th  Grad* 


Cities     over  £5000 

I    6th  Grad* 

I     6th       "  t 

•  1.  1 


Cities    under    25000 


Villages  over  5000 

|    6th  Grad*  ! 

,    ••         3 

i       "  >J 

,   -        3 


Places  under  6,000 

,Cr.d.          D 


Irt  yr.H.S.       t! 

ad  •  -    b 


rinployed  farm  boy^ 

6th  Grad* 
6th      " 


loji 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen 

Chart   No.    12R. —  Grade   Summary   for 

GEOGRAPHY  AND 


Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

City,  Village  and   Farm  Groups 

DRAWING 


OUR  BOYS  155 

Spelling  is  least  liked  and  best  liked  in  the  lower  grades 

Charts  No.  12-K  and  12-S  compare  the  likes  and  dislikes  for  Spell- 
ing in  the  grades  of  the  various  groups  (see  tables  ~No.  12  to  12-E 
and  E"o.  12-N"  to  12-S  in  the  text),  and  show  that  the  greatest  dis- 
like as  well  as  the  greatest  like  for  Spelling  occurs  in  the  lower 
grades.  As  in  the  case  of  Geography,  dislike  and  like  for  Spelling 
reach  over  into  the  high  school. 


156 


OUR  BOYS 


SCICSCE 


Least  Litod                           Best  Lite  i 

**     *#     *               <#       1058         »* 

Greater  New  York        I            , 

, 

Least 
20?     10^ 

Liked                          Best  Liked 

Q%                         0%         10^ 

Greater  ITew  ioric         • 

6th       "                                    '                I 

S     ! 

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7th        - 

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8th.     "                Z3 

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4th   "       " 

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Cities     over    25000 

J 

Cities     over     25000 

•BBBBJ 

6th  Grad. 

—  t 

i 

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6th  Grad* 

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6th 

B 

6th 

BBH 

7th       " 

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1st  yr.  H.S. 

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Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

SPELLING  AND  ELEMENTARY  SCIENCE 
Chart  No.  12S. —  Grade  Summary  for  City,  Village  and  Farm  Groups 


OUR  BOYS 


157 


Foreign  language  is  very  much  disliked  in  the  high  school 

Charts  No.  12-O  and  12-Q  (see  tables  ~No.  12  to  12-E  and  No. 
12-N  to  12-S  in  the  text)  show  a  very  strong  dislike  for  Foreign 
Languages,  increasing  from  the  first  year  of  the  high  school  to  its 
maximum  in  the  fourth  year.  This  is  the  only  instance  where  any 
study  outranks  English  in  dislike.  The  like  for  Foreign  Languages 
is  uniformly  very  small. 


Best  Lima 

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1 

Villages  over  5000 

1 

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2 

Cities  under  25000 

I 

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3 

Places  under  5000 

| 

Greater  Hew  York 

4 

Greater  Hew  York 

1 

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5 

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6 

Cities  over  25000 

1st 

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SCHOOL 

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1 

Greater  Hew  York 

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Employed  farm  boys 

2 

Villages  over  5000 

C 

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3 

Cities  under  25000 

C 

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4 

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C 

Cities  under  25000 

5 

Cities  over  25000 

C 

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6 

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3 

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a 

Villages  over  5000 

5 

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Cities  over  25000 

6 

Cities  over  25000 

a 

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1 

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2 

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I 

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3 

Places  under  5000 

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1 

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4 

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5 

Places  under  5000     O 

Cities  over  25000 

6 

Cities  over  25000 

u 

055      10J4 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

LANGUAGES 
Chart  No.  120. —  State  Summary  for  all  Grades 


158  OUR  BOYS 

Likes  and  dislikes  for  other  subjects  are  relatively  small 

Charts  No.  12-L,  12-M,  12-N,  12-R,  12-S  and  12-T  show  that  the 
likes  and  dislikes  for  Elementary  Science,  Advanced  Science,  Com- 
mercial Subjects,  Drawing,  Manual  Training,  etc.,  are  relatively 
small.  (See  tables  No.  12  to  12-E  and  No.  12-N  to  12-S  in  the 
text.) 


OUR  BOYS 


159 


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1 

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2 

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|  Cities  over  25000 

3 

Cities  under  2500C  J 

|  tlacos  under  5000 

4 

Cities  over  25000    j 

|  Villages  over  5000 

5 

jinployed  farm  boys  ] 

|   anployed  farm  boys 

6 

Tillage*  over  5000  J 

6th  GBtJJB 

|   Cities  under  25000 

1 

Places  under  5000    3 

|  Places  under  5000 

2 

Tillages  over  5000  -j 

|  Greater  Mew  Xork 

3 

Cities  over  25000    3 

|  Tillages  over  5000 

4 

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5 

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6 

Cities  under  25000  ] 

7th  GBADS 

1  Greater  Hew  York 

1 

Tillages  over  5000  3 

|  Cities  under  25000 

2 

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|  Cities  over  25000 

3 

Cities  over  25000    3 

|  Places  under  5000 

4 

Greater  lew  York     ] 

g  anployed  farm  boy* 

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|  Villages  over  5000 

6 

Bnployed  faro  boys  | 

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pj  Greater  lew  York 

1 

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|  Cities  over  25000 

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|  Places  under  5000 

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j  Cities  under  25000 

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|  Villages  over  5000 

6 

employed  farm  boy*  ] 

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SCHOOL 

•  Greater  H«w  York 

1 

Greater  Hew  York 

•  Bnployed  farm  boy* 

2 

Places  under  5000    13 

•  Cities  orer  25000 

3 

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•  Villages  over  5000 

4 

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1  Cities  under  25000 

5 

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6 

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•  Greater  Hew  York 

1 

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2 

Cities  over  25000    - 

•  Cities  over  £5000 

3 

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|  Villages  over  5000 

4 

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|  Aaployed  farm  boy* 

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I  Places  under  5000 

6 

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raa  HIGH 

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•  Greater  New  York 

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2 

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5 

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6 

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1 

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2 

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8 

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6 

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Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

DRAWING 
Chart  No.  12L. —  State  Summary  for  all  Grades 


160 


OUR  BOYS 


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Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Tear  Old  Employed  Boys 
ELEMENTABY  SCIENCE 

Grades 
Chart    No.     12M. —  State    Summary    for    all 


OUR  BOYS 


161 


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Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  old  Employed  Boys 

ADVANCED  SCIENCE  AND  COMMERCIAL  SUBJECTS. 
Chart  No.   12T. —  Grade  'Summary  for  City,  Village  and  Farm  Groups 


OUE  BOYS  163 

Music,  physical  training,  etc.,  received  little  attention 

The  percents  of  like  and  dislike  for  Music,  Physical  Training  and 
some  other  subjects  are  so  small  as  to  make  it  impossible  to  show 
them  either  on  the  tables  or  charts. 

The  likes  and  dislikes  of  American  and  foreign  boys  are  about  the  same 
Charts  No.  12-U  to  12-Y  inclusive,  show  a  comparison  between 

the  likes  and  dislikes  for  Mathematics,  Geography,  English,  History 

and  Spelling  in  the  case  of 

American  born  boys  with  two  American  parents, 
American  born  boys  with  one  American  parent, 
American  born  boys  with  two  foreign  parents, 
Foreign  born  boys  with  two  foreign  parents. 

The  comparison  between  the  various  parentage  groups  was  made 
for  Greater  New  York  and  also  for  the  other  cities  over  25,000  and 
shows  conclusively  that  there  is  no  marked  difference  in  likes  and 
dislikes  for  subjects  in  the  case  of  American  and  foreign  born  boys. 
On  chart  No.  12-Y  dealing  with  English,  in  the  third  year  of  the 
high  school  for  cities  over  25,000,  the  relatively  large  like  and  dis- 
like for  English  in  the  case  of  the  foreign  born  boys  with  foreign 
born  parents  is  due  to  the  fact  that  in  that  particular  group  there 
happened  to  be  a  very  small  number  of  boys  as  compared  with  the 
other  groups.  Charts  No.  12-U,  12-V,  12-W  and  12-X  tell  the  same 
story  for  Mathematics,  History,  Geography  and  Spelling. 

Similar  studies  were  made  for  a  number  of  the  individual  nation- 
ality groups,  however,  no  marked  differences  were  discovered  in 
likes  and  dislikes  for  the  various  subjects  between  the  various  nation- 
ality groups. 


164 


OUR  BOYS 


oinas  orsa  zs.ooo 


Sixteen,  Rerenlecn  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

MATHEMATICS 

Chart  Xo.  12-U. —  Grade  Summary  by  Parentage  Groups,  Greater  New  York  and 

Cities  over  25,000 


OUR  BOYS 


165 


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1       C 

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American  born  boys  with  one  American  parent. 


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/  /  /  /\ 


30% 


American  born  boys  with  two  foreign  parents. 
Foreign  born  boys  with  two  foreign  parents. 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

HISTORY 
Chart  No.   12V. —  Greater  New  York  and   Cities  over  25,000 


166 


OUR  BOYS 


OUR  BOYS 


167 


fle.t  Liked 


058         lOJt       20*      30^       20^       IQf 


SPSLLIBQ  BeBt 

GR&DK  0*         log 


30-E         20^ 


zzz 


American  born  boys  with  two  American  parents. 
American  born  boys  with  one  American  parent. 


American  born  boys  with  two  foreign  paients. 
Foreign  born  boys  with  two  foreign  parent* 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

SPELLING 
Chart  No.  12X. —  Greater  New  York  and  Cities  over  25,000 


168 


OUR  BOYS 


Amcncan  bom  boys  with  two  Amcricnn  parcm- 
American  born  boys  with  one  American  parent. 
American  bom  boys  with  two  foreign  parents. 
Foreign  bom  boys  with  two  foreign  parents. 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

ENGLISH 
Chart  No.   12-Y. —  Greater  New  York  and   Cities  over  25,000 


OUR  BOYS  169 

There  is  little  correlation  between  likes  and  dislikes 

Chart  No.  12-Z  (see  table  .No.  12-AA  in  the  text)  shows  the 
correlation  between  best  and  least  liked  studies. 

Boys  liking  Mathematics  best  like  English  least  and  boys  who 
like  English  best  like  Mathematics  least. 

Boys  who  like  History  best  like  English  least,  but  boys  who  like 
History  least  do  not  like  English  best. 

Boys  who  like  Geography  best  like  English  and  Mathematics  least 
and  boys  who  dislike  English  and  Mathematics  most  show  a  stronger 
like  for  geography  than  boys  in  other  groups. 

However,  these  studies  show  in  a  crude  way  that  there  is  really 
very  little  correlation  between  best  and  least  liked  studis. 


170 


BOYB 


i  i.i.  .Il  ll 

i  i.i.-.i  III 

......  .1.. 


lul  I. •.. 


1    tft 

!  L 


I 

jo 

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rih 


Jllll 


Illllllll 


Hill 

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i 


1 

o 

OQ 

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m    LJ    <u 


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05  6  s 

6 

to 


1  I 


OUR  BOYS 


171 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BEST  LIKED  STUDY 

Correlation  Between  the  Last  Grade  Completed  and  the  Best  Liked  Study 
TABLE  No.  12  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American  and  Foreign  Combined 


J 

to 

>f 

•il 

bi 

1 

No.  of 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

1 

| 

b 

—  '1 

.3 

| 

jlj 

I 

2iS 

if 

|'8 

Total 
per 

cards 
tabu- 

"rt 

fj> 

~QQ 

2 

^S 

£ 

P 

2 

3 

> 

cent 

lated 

S 

W 

a 

s 

OT 

>-3 

O 

5 

s 

3    , 

5th  

43.1 

15.4 

10.7 

2.1 

10.0 

14.2 

2.6 

1.9 

100.0 

422 

6th 

39  4 

13.5 

19.3 

1.9 

11.1 

13.0 

1.0 

.8 

100  0 

1,219 

7th 

35  3 

10  6 

25  9 

3  2 

9  5 

12  8 

1  2 

1.5 

100  0 

3  815 

8th  

37.7 

13.3 

25.6 

3.3 

5.0 

A 

8.9 

2.2 

".4 

3.2 

ioo!o 

7i431 

let  high  school  

36.8 

15.6 

15.9 

2.8 

2.1 

6.3 

5.2 

3.9 

4.8 

5.9 

.7 

100.0 

1,392 

2d  high  school  

36.8 

14.3 

14.0 

2.5 

.8 

9.1 

4.1 

4.3 

5.3 

6.4 

2.4 

100.0 

922 

3d  nigh  school  

38.0 

15.0 

11.5 

2.7 

11.2 

1.0 

3.5 

9.3 

5.1 

2.7 

100.0 

374 

4th  high  school  

34.9 

16.4 

16.4 

2.6 

9.9 

1.3 

4.0 

6.6 

5.S 

2.6 

100.0 

152 

Total 

5,857 

2,047 

3,586 

482 

942 

267 

1,479 

349 

192 

480 

46 

15,727 

TABLE  No.  12-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American  and  Foreign  Combined 


LAST  GRADE 

1 

1 

i 

1 

|l 

-g'g 

1 

Total 

No.  of 
cards 

COMPLETED 

J3 

i 

b 

fj*3 

.1? 

te 

B  *° 

a  °° 

per 

tabu- 

• 

•f 

-§ 

g 

TJ 

a 

1? 

a 

§ 

1 

> 

cent 

lated 

a 

M 

m 

S 

ra 

>3 

O 

a 

a 

w 

^ 

5th  

48.0 

10.2 

5.0 

1.1 

9.4 

23.9 

1.3 

1.1 

100.0 

540 

6th 

46  4 

6  5 

8  7 

9 

11.4 

24  7 

1  1 

.3 

100  0 

2,108 

7th  

41.7 

6.6 

16.4 

1.1 

10.2 

22.2 

1.4 

.4 

100.0 

3,035 

8th  

42.0 

7.2 

27.2 

1.1 

6.7 

i 

12.2 

1.9 

1.5 

100.  C 

4,274 

1st  high  school  

44.6 

10.1 

23.4 

1.1 

2.6 

1.9 

4.9 

3.2 

"Ye 

5.2 

'".4 

100.0 

1,629 

2d  high  school  
3d  high  school  
4th  high  school  

42.7 
45.1 
40.4 

15.1 
11.4 
11.0 

15.9 
13.4 
16.4 

1.6 
3.0 
1.2 

1.1 
1.0 

1.2 

3.3 
3.0 
3.7 

3.6 

.7 

4.6 
6.0 
2.4 

5.9 
5.7 
5.5 

5.2 
7.7 
9.7 

1.0 

3.0 

8.5 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

926 
299 
164 

Total  

5,620 

1,059 

2,470 

150 

950 

84 

1,961 

275 

126 

242 

38 

12,975 

TABLE  No.  12-B  —  CITIES  UNDER  25,000 
American  and  Foreign  Combined 


.§ 

1 

•af 

hi 

i 

No.  of 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

i 

I 

b 

il 

a° 

1 

1 

| 

1*1 

1s 

i'8 

Total 
per 

cards 
tabu- 

1 

I 

n 

1 

1 

BD 

J 

1 

& 

o 

1 

1 

cent 

lated 

5th  ... 

46.7 

10.6 

7.7 

.7 

11.8 

20.9 

1.6 

100.0 

426 

8th  ... 

43.9 

7.2 

13.7 

.4 

9.3 

24.4 

.7 

.4 

100.0 

1,265 

7th  

42.4 

5.7 

19.3 

.6 

9.0 

21.6 

1.0 

.4 

100.0 

1,598 

8th  

44.9 

8.0 

24.6 

.9 

6.3 

.8 

11.2 

2.0 

1.3 

100.0 

1,942 

1st  high  school  
2d  high  school... 
3d  high  school  
4th  high  school  

40.5 
48.2 
38.1 
41.3 

13.5 
13.1 
12.2 
8.0 

20.0 
15.8 
14.5 
18.7 

1.4 
.2 
1.5 

2.6 

.7 

2.9 
4.9 
6.1 
6.7 

4.7 
2.4 
2.3 

3.0 
3.8 
4.6 
1.3 

3.7 
4.7 
6.1 
8.0 

7.6 
4.9 
9.2 
12.0 

.1 

1.3 
5.4 
4.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

858 
450 
131 
75 

Total  

2,946 

579 

1,268 

51 

460 

76 

1,013 

122 

67 

146 

17 

6,745 

172 


OUK  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BEST  LIKED  STUDY 

Correlation  Between  the  Last  Grade  Completed  and  the  Best  Liked  Study 
%  TABLE  No.  12-C  —  VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 

American  and  Foreign  Combined 


1 

I 

•a* 

bS 

I 

No    of 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

| 

h 

-|| 

| 

? 

I 

•| 

'SIS' 
1S 

|1 

11 

Total 
per 

cards 
tabu- 

"eS 

a 

22 

§ 

"« 

a 

o 

§ 

S 

> 

cent 

lated 

^ 

W 

H 

S 

ra 

"3 

8 

Q 

0 

s 

1 

5th  

48.8 

10.9 

9.7 

9.7 

20.1 

.8 

100.0 

248 

6th  

41.0 

6.8 

16.9 

1.0 

9.7 

22.6 

1.6 

.4 

100.0 

700 

7th  ... 

39  9 

5  5 

24  3 

1  1 

7  2 

19  0 

1  8 

1  2 

100  0 

91S 

8th  
J«t  high  school  

39.8 
44.5 

7.4 
9.8 

31.4 
20.6 

1.8 

2.0 

4.5 

1.5 

.9 
3.6 

8.8 
4.2 

1.7 
3.2 

1.2 
4.7 

2.5 
5.9 

100.0 
100.0 

1,141 
471 

2d  high  school  
3d  high  school  ... 

48.8 
47.3 

8.1 
17.5 

17.8 
6.8 

"i'.i 

3.6 
9.5 

1.2 

7.2 
4.0 

5.2 
4.0 

8.1 
9  5 

100.0 
100  0 

248 
74 

4th  high  school  

45.9 

4.2 

20.8 

6.3 

2.1 

16.6 

4.1 

100.0 

48 

Total  

1,614 

291 

879 

49 

216 

46 

506 

87 

52 

106 

2 

3,848 

TABLE  No.  12-D  — PLACES  UNDER  5,000 
American  and  Foreign  Combined 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

1 

I 

W 

S 

M 

1 

Language 

O 

M 

Q 

-1 
0 

fi 

3 

I 

Total 

per 
cent 

No.  of 
carda 
tabu- 
lated 

5th  ... 

6th 

44.6 
42  5 

14.6 
8  5 

10.8 

16  7 

.4 
3 

8.2 
7  5 

19.6 
20  8 

1.8 
1  8 

i  9 

100.0 
100  0 

720 
1  989 

7th  
8th  
1st  high  school  
2d  high  school  
3d  hio;h  school  
4th  high  school  

42.1 
44.1 
45.0 
43.0 
49.2 
43.6 

5.1 
5.9 
8.5 
9.0 
7.0 
7.3 

24.1 
29.4 
21.8 
23.8 
20.9 
15.0 

'e 

1.0 

1.1 

.5 

.4 

7.3 

4.7 
2.2 
.4 
.5 

.2 
.5 
1.9 
3.7 
6.5 
4.7 

17.9 
10.0 
3.1 
2.1 
1.8 
1.3 

1.4 
1.2 
3.6 
2.9 
.5 
.8 

"  Ll 
3.2 
3.6 
3.3 
3.4 

2.5 
8.6 
7.7 
5.1 
10.3 

'"i'.i 

2.7 
4.7 
13.2 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

2,734 
3,074 
1,233 
69<> 

sis 

234 

Total  

4,748 

791 

2,483 

59 

582 

94 

1,410 

189 

114 

354 

74 

10,898 

TABLE  No.  12-E  — FARM  BOY  GROUP 

American  and  Foreign  Combined 


g 

*> 

« 

S 

S 

'I 

>> 

rt  o 

£**  S 

• 

No.  of 

LAST  GRADE 

1 

-'f3 

1 

1 

bO 

gisr 

^•3 

ii 

Total 

cards 

COMPLETED 

Ja 

"M 

£? 

3 

| 

g. 

•S 

i 

S 

§ 

per 

tabu- 

1 

I 

.2 
W 

1 

S 

S 

i 

1 

1 

i 

cent 

lated 

5th  

47.5 

15.6 

8.0 

9.6 

16.8 

1.0 

1.5 

100.0 

976 

6th  

49.9 

6.7 

16.4 

.1 

7.5 

16.8 

.7 

1.9 

100.0 

2,449 

7th  

49.0 

4.1 

22.0 

.1 

6.9 

15.6 

.5 

1.8 

100.0 

4.068 

8th  

47.9 

3.8 

27.8 

4.7 

.3 

11.4 

.9 

.2 

3.0 

100.0 

4,061 

1st  high  school  

47.1 

8.2 

23.4 

.3 

2.0 

2.7 

3.8 

1.2 

1.4 

9.8 

.1 

100.0 

941 

2d  high  school  

51.6 

6.1 

22.4 

.4 

1.4 

3.9 

2.5 

1.4 

1.7 

7.2 

1.4 

100.0 

511 

3d  high  school  
4th  high  school  

50.4 
51.0 

9.4 

20.5 
17.4 

1.7 
1.0 

2.3 
5.1 

1.1 
2.0 

.6 
1.0 

1.7 
3.1 

7.0 
10.2 

5.3 

9.2 

100.0 
100.0 

171 

98 

Total  

6,459 

763 

2,887 

13 

782 

67 

1,726 

106 

38 

408 

26 

13,275 

OUR  BOYS 


173 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

LEAST  LIKED  STUDY 

Correlation  Between  the  Last  Grade  Completed  and  the  Least  Liked  Study 
TABLE  No.   12-N  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 

American  and  Foreign  Combined 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Mathematics 

1 
% 
H 

I 

K 

l'J 

S 

| 

| 

•S 

tf 

1 

l| 

§H 

8 

fe.i 
I8 

1 

H 

Advanced 
science 

Total 
per 
cent 

Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 

5th  
6th  
7th 

26.0 

26.5 
23.7 

30.5 
30.9 
41.4 

5.6 

7.7 
7.3 

'".4 
.3 

16.7 
11.1 
8.2 

'3 

18.2 
21.5 
16.5 

1.8 
1.3 
1.3 

1.2 
.6 
1.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

396 
1,162 
3,658 

8th  
1st  high  school  
2d  high  school  
3d  1  igh  school  
4th  high  school  

20.3 
23.2 
21.6 
21.9 
20.1 

44.7 
31.8 
27.6 
22.8 
19.5 

7.0 
6.0 
5.4 
7.4 
6.2 

.5 
.8 
.8 
.3 
1.4 

4.9 
2.3 
1.6 
.3 

2.5 
15.4 
27.4 
33.5 
32.7 

13.9 
7.6 
4.0 
3.1 
2.8 

3.2 
4.6 
3.4 
3.1 
6.9 

.1 

.8 
.9 

.8 
.7 

2.6 
7.0 
6.4 
6.0 
6.9 

.3 
.5 

.9 
.8 
2.8 

100.0 
100.  0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

6,971 
1,291 
872 
352 
144 

Total  

3,285 

5,857 

1,026 

74 

880 

796 

2,040 

403 

27 

412 

46 

14,846 

TABLE  No.  12-O  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American  and  Foreign  Combined 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

J 

1 

t 

'3 

M 

1 

1 

g 

|i 

8 

bS 

Jo> 

1 

Total 
per 
cent 

Num- 

oer  o 
cards 
tabu- 

i 

H 

W 

S 

I 

j 

O 

s 

Q 

1 

w 

< 

lated 

5th  ... 

23.2 

21.3 

2.7 

17.8 

29.9 

.2 

3.9 

100.0 

51C 

6th   

20.2 

29.1 

5.3 

.1 

15.1 

26.0 

.0 

3.2 

100.0 

1,996 

7th  

21.5 

33.4 

8.3 

.1 

11.2 

.5 

20.6 

.2 

3.2' 

100.0 

2,88'J 

8th    

19.3 

43.0 

8.3 

.2 

10.3 

1.2 

12.1 

.4 

.1 

4.1 

100.0 

4,011 

1st  bigh  school  
2d  1.  igh  school  
3d  Hgh  school  
4th  high  school  

23.3 
21.2 
14.0 
13.8 

37.3 
37.9 
37.1 
31.8 

7.0 

5.6 

7.2 
4.8 

.2 
.3 

6.7 
3.6 
1.8 
2.1 

8.8 
17.5 
27.7 
31.0 

7.3 
3.6 
2.2 
2.1 

.3 
.5 
.3 
2.1 

1.0 
1.2 
.3 

6.5 
7.0 

7.6 
8.9 

.6 
.6 
1.8 
3.4 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

'859 
278 

Total  

2,515 

4,432 

877 

18 

1,272 

474 

1,903 

153 

31 

534 

24 

12,233 

TABLE   No.   12-P  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 
American  and  Foreign  Combined- 


8 

-2 
"c«  g 

Num- 

LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 

1 

j 

i 

-|1 

M 

1 

1 

j 

|1 

Jl 

Total 
per 
cent 

ber  of 
cards 
tabu- 

i 

W 

i 

§ 

=1 

1 

1 

a 

s 

1 

i 

lated 

5th  .. 

20.5 

23.5 

5.6 

.2 

17.4 

26.6 

2.6 

3.6 

100.0 

414 

6th                     

23.7 

28.7 

6.3 

12.8 

22.1 

1.9 

4.5 

100.0 

1,229 

7th 

20  8 

36.0 

9.0 

.1 

12.8 

15.6 

1.3 

4.4 

100.0 

1,554 

8th 

18  3 

41  6 

8.2 

11.3 

2.7 

11.2 

.8 

5.9 

100.0 

1,871 

1st  high  school  
2d  high  school  
3d  high  school  
4th  high  school  

25.0 
23.6 
24.0 
23.5 

33.0 
29.3 
32.0 
23.6 

4.7 
8.1 
8.0 
5.6 

.1 
.2 

6.1 
3.9 
.8 
1.4 

13.7 
23.1 
29.6 
32.0 

4.1 

2.8 

1.0 
1.8 

'4'.2 

.5 
.5 

10.8 
5.5 

4.0 
8.3 

i.o 

1.2 
1.6 
1.4 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

823 
433 
125 
72 

Total  

1,397 

2,243 

483 

4 

708 

324 

879 

90 

6 

371 

16 

6,521 

OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

LEAST  LIKED  STUDY 

Correlation  Between  the  Last  Grade  Completed  and  the  Least  Liked  Study 
TABLE  No.  12-Q  — VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 

American  and  Foreign  Combined 


8 

*3 

2 

-1 

>.  a 

1 

Num- 

LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 

*M 

b 

3 

I1 

| 

1 

j& 

o. 

£ 

1 

t»£ 
IS 

H 

|1 

Total 
per 
cent 

ber  of 
cards 
tabu- 

1 

0 

H 

.2 

w 

os 

aj 

1 

1 

I 

& 

6 

H 

1 

lated 

5th... 

21.9 

27.5 

6  0 

10.3 

29.6 

.8 

3  9 

100  0 

233 

6th  

20.6 

27.3 

7.5 

10.9 

26.7 

1.2 

5.8 

100  io 

657 

7th 

20.1 

34.8 

9  6 

10.8 

18  0 

.7 

6  0 

100  0 

880 

8th  

20.3 

40.1 

7.8 

i 

8.7 

'4!6 

10.7 

'e 

"4 

6^7 

100  0 

1  086 

1st  high  school  

22.4 

34.8 

7.7 

'.2 

4.0 

14.2 

5.3 

1.3 

.6 

9.1 

.4 

103.  0 

452 

2d  high  school  

20.3 

32.8 

11.7 

1.7 

20.2 

3.4 

1.3 

1.7 

6.0 

.9 

100.0 

232 

3d  high  school  

22.6 

35.3 

8.4 

1.4 

23.9 

2.8 

5.6 

100.0 

71 

4th  high  schoo  

12.5 

20.7 

6.3 

43.7 

2.1 

14.7 

100.0 

48 

Total 

755 

1,255 

305 

2 

310 

199 

553 

34 

12 

240 

4 

3,669 

TABLE  No.  12-R  — PLACES  UNDER  5,000 
American  and  Foreign  Combined 


1 

.« 

-8 

15  g 

»! 

| 
a 

Num- 

LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 

1 

1 

| 

u 

| 

1 

1 

% 

'E 

'giF 
IS 

3s 
a  ra 

r 

Total 
per 
cent 

ber  of 
cards 
tabu- 

"S 

a 

1 

W 

el 

s 

1 

J 

1 

i 

d 

1 

TJ 

<! 

lated 

5th  

24.2 

19.3 

6.5 

14.9 

28.2 

1.0 

5.9 

100.0 

686 

6th  

20.9 

25.9 

7.0 

13.5 

23.0 

1.3 

8.4 

100.0 

1,95^ 

7th  

22.6 

36.3 

10.0 

12.3 

'".6 

14.4 

.9 

2.9 

100.0 

2,673 

8th  

20.6 

42.5 

8.8 

9.9 

4.6 

8.6 

.9 

"^3 

3.8 

100.0 

2,955 

1st  high  school  

22.8 

32.3 

4.7 

"  .2 

5.5 

22.7 

3.7 

.7 

.7 

5.0 

L7 

100.0 

1,186 

2d  nigh  school  
3d  high  school  
4th  high  school  

20.4 
17.4 
12.8 

27.5 
21.7 
26.4 

8.4 
6.6 
3.1 

.1 

3.3 
1.9 
3.1 

30.3 
42.1 
43.1 

1.9 
.9 
1.3 

.9 
.9 
1.3 

.5 

"9 

5.1 

6.6 
5.3 

1.6 
1.9 
2.7 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

666 
212 
227 

Total  

2,259 

3,537 

842 

5 

1,084 

810 

1,345 

102 

21 

513 

42 

10,560 

TABLE  No.  12-S  —  EMPLOYED  FARM  BOYS 

American  and  Foreign  Combined 


B 

» 

•a  3 

I 

1 

Num.- 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

1 

T5> 

| 

!§ 

—  •  2 

| 

| 

1 

j! 

|'i 

B 

Total 
per 
cent 

bet  of 
cards 
tabu- 

i 

1 

W 

1 

Jl 

1 

& 

0 

w 

< 

lated 

5th  

26.0 

21.6 

5.3 

14.1 

26.9 

.7 

•5.4 

100.0 

977 

6th 

18  8 

25  8 

8  5 

14  5 

22.1 

.9 

9.4 

100  0 

2,475 

7th  

15.2 

37.3 

12.4 

12.6 

.i 

13.8 

.9 

7.7 

100.0 

4,017 

8th  

13.6 

44.7 

9.8 

11.7 

2.5 

9.3 

1.1 

7.3 

100.0 

3,989 

1st  high  school  

19.2 

36.9 

6.2 

6.9 

19.4 

4.8 

1.9 

"j 

3.9 

'".5 

100.0 

917 

2d  high  school  

18.1 

36.5 

6.6 

3.8 

27.7 

1.4 

1.2 

.2 

4.1 

.4 

100.0 

496 

3d  high  school  
4th  high  school  

19.2 
14.4 

31-5 
33.0 

6.8 
7.2 

1.8 
2.1 

35.2 
36.1 

1.2 
1.0 

.6 
2.1 

3.7 
3.1 

i.6 

100.0 
100.0 

152 
97 

Total 

2,183 

4,733 

1,258 

1,558 

513 

1,787 

133 

4 

953 

8 

13,130 

OUR  BOYS 


175 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen,  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

Correlation  Between  the  Best  and  Least  Liked  Studies 

TABLE  NO.  12-AA  —  GREATER  NEW  YORK 

American  and  Foreign  Combined 


LEAST  LIKED  STUDY 

5 

1 

BEST  LIKED 

8 

.a 

'3 

1 

1 

1 

^ 

C3 

STUDY 

1 

w> 

J 

|l 

if 

1 

11 

-3 
-002 
S 

1 

1 

1 

1 

.S 
W 

I 

1 

1 

1 

i 

I 

J 

H 

1 

JL 

Mathematics  

9.8 

49.4 

18.2 

8.4 

.3 

2.4 

3.3 

7.3 

.3 

.6 

100.0 

5,967 

History  

28  '.i 

46.7 

11.2 

5.0 

.3 

2.0 

2.3 

3.8 

.3 

.3 

100.0 

3,620 

pnglish  

48.5 

11.2 

15.8 

4.2 

1.4 

3.6 

4.3 

8.3 

.6 

2.1 

100.0 

2,063 

geography  

38.2 

7.2 

46!6 

7.7 

.3 

1.6 

1.6 

1.6 

.5 

100.0 

1,458 

Celling  
?Panual  training  

40.4 
25.5 

7.3 
5.6 

30.1 
39.7 

20  '.6 
11.9 

'5.8 

.1 

.7 
3.7 

.9 

1.6 

.4 

5.8 

"  .2 

.1 

.2 

100.0 
100.0 

968 

486 

Mementary  science  . 

25.2 

5.3 

39.5 

6.6 

1.4 

.9 

3.9 

16.7 

.5 

100.0 

437 

Drawing  

28.3 

6.5 

35.0 

6.2 

3.6 

1.7 

'3^4 

14.0 

'".8 

.5 

100.0 

357 

language  

40.7. 

5.4 

23.2 

4.4 

2.4 

.3 

11.8 

7.'i 

1.7 

3.0 

100.0 

297 

ommercial  subjects 

25.0 

8.8 

28.3 

4.6 

1.9 

1.5 

5.8 

5.4 

17  '.2 

1.5 

100.0 

261 

Advanced  science.  .  . 

19.2 

8.8 

32.8 

6.4 

1.6 

.8 

4.8 

3.2 

21.6 

'   .8 

100.0 

125 

Total  

16,039 

BEST  LIKED  STUDY 

1 

1 

LEAST  LIKED 

» 

I 

°5 

1 

1 

1 

- 

1 

STUDY 

a 

>> 

"J 

•*'•% 

•§ 

§ 

i 

• 

•p. 

_H 

H 

& 

Era 

1M 

• 

2 

j 

£ 

.2 

.« 

g 

O 

1 

ii 

I 

~ 

•3 

1 

i 

1 
W 

O 

1 

1 

i 

J 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Mathematics  

28.8 

28.5 

15.9 

11.2 

3.5 

3.1 

2.9 

3.5 

1.9 

.7 

100.0 

3,508 

History  
English  

52.0 
47.6 

27.3 

20.7 

10.3 
9.5 

6.2 
4.7 

2.4 
3.1 

2.0 
2.8 

2.0 
2.0 

1.4 
1.1 

2.0 
1.2 

1.0 

.7 

100.0 
100.0 

1,121 
6,193 

Geography  
Spe'ling  

50.1 
53.2 

18.8 
19.2 

U.  3 

9.2 

12.1 

9.1 

2.7 
3.0 

1.4 
.6 

1.0 
1.2 

.6 
.8 

.6 
.5 

.4 
.2 

100.0 
100.0 

2,136 
940 

Manual  training  
Elementary  science  . 
Drawing  

21.5 
40.1 
42.0 

15.2 
16.5 
18.3 

35.5 
17.0 
19.0 

6.3 
5.2 
5.0 

1.6 
1.9 

'4.1 
1.7 

5.0 

7.6 

2.7 

1.3 

8.0 
4.5 

5.0 
3.4 
3.0 

1.3 
1.4 
.9 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

79 
442 
464 

Language  

43.8 

13.6 

17.4 

2.3 

.4 

2.8 

7^4 

5^6 

4.6 

2.7 

100.0 

991 

Commercial  subjects 
Advanced  science  .  .  . 

30.7 
31.0 

24.5 
10.3 

24.5 
36.2 

'(TO 

".'9 

2.0 
.9 

"i.i 

6.1 
1.7 

16.2 
7.8 

'3.5 

2.0 

100.0 
100.0 

49 
116 

Total  

6,039 

176 


OUR  BOYS 


CHAPTER  XIII 
Money  Earned  While  in  School 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed 
BOYS  WHO  EARNED  MONEY  WHILE  IN  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.  13  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


Boys 


6 

c 

o 
£ 

r 

T5 

o 

**  .2 

9 

GROUPS 

1 
si 

ol 

h 

I 

Ji 

44 

§ 

I 

8,: 

| 

1 

| 

I 

I 

o 

1 

|I 

1 

ft 

"O 

P 

| 

1 

1 

is 

3 

O 

00 

i 

08 

W 

Q 

I 

§a 

1 

1 

"w 

ig 

o 

h 

Greater  New  York.  .  .  . 

.5 

5.0 

.5 

.2 

5.4 

2.8 

1.0 

1.6 

.9 

82.1 

100.0 

Cities  over  25,000  

1.5 

5.4 

.5 

.1 

4.9 

"  i  '.  i 

11.1 

.i 

1.2 

4.4 

3.2 

66.5 

100.0 

Cities  under  25,000...  . 

1.0 

8.3 

1.0 

.1 

5.5 

1.7 

8.4 

.1 

2.2 

6.4 

5.1 

60.2 

100.0 

Villages  over  5,000.  .  .  . 

.8 

7.C 

.7 

4.4 

l.C 

7.0 

.1 

2.3 

5.8 

7.4 

63.5 

100.0 

Places  under  5,000  .... 

.5 

5.1 

.8 

'  '  .1 

3.7 

.8 

4.2 

.2 

5.0 

8.8 

5.5 

65.3 

100.0 

I 

Over  eighty  percent  of  the  boys  in  New  York  city  earned  no  money 

while  attending  school 

Chart  No.  13  and  table  No.  13  in  the  text,  show  that  over  eighty- 
two  percent  of  the  boys  of  Greater  New  York  did  not  earn  any  money 
while  attending  school  as  compared  with  from  sixty  to  sixty-six  per 
cent  in  the  other  communities  of  the  State.  Forty  percent  of  the 
boys  in  the  cities  under  25,000  reported  that  they  earned  money 
while  in  school.  This  question  was  not  asked  of  the  farm  boys, 
most  of  whom  do  a  large  amount  of  chore  work  before  and  after 
echool  and  for  which  they  receive  no  cash  payments.  Many  farm 
boys,  however,  did  earn  considerable  money  while  in  school  by  cul- 
tivating small  portions  of  the  farm  which  had  been  assigned  to 
them  by  their  parents.  The  opportunities  for  working  at  odd  jobs 
before  and  after  school  hours  are  much  greater  in  the  smaller  com- 
munities than  in  New  York  City.  Working  in  stores,  running 
errands  and  selling  papers  are  the  three  leading  pursuits  of  school- 
boys. In  small  communities  a  boy  working  after  school  hours 
can  do  a  large  share  of  the  delivery  work  for  a  store  while  the 
volume  of  business  in  the  larger  cities  is  so  great  as  to  require 
a  full  time  employe.  Golf  caddy  ing  in  the  vicinity  of  country 
clubs  is  very  popular  as  an  after-school  occupation.  The  fact  that 
boys  cannot  earn  much  money  while  attending  school  in  Greater 


OUR  BOYS  177 

New  York  may  be  a  factor  in  causing  them  to  leave  school  for 
regular  employment  at  the  end  of  the  eighth  grade,  while  in  the 
smaller  communities  the  fact  that  the  boy  can  earn  some  money 
for  his  own  use  and  still  attend  school  may  in  a  measure  lessen 
his  desire  to  leave  school.  Charts  No.  13,  13-A  and  13-B  (see 
tables  No.  13-A,  13-B  and  13-C  in  the  appendix),  show  the  percent 
of  boys  earning  money  in  the  individual  cities  and  villages  of  the 
State.  The  tables  show  the  percent  working  in  offices,  stores, 
factories  and  elsewhere,  while  the  charts  show  only  the  percent 
earning  and  not  earning  money.  There  is  a  wide  variation  between 
the  different  cities  and  villages,  due  most  likely  to  the  fact  that  oppor- 
tunities for  school-boy  employment  depend  largely  on  the  type  of 
industries  in  the  different  localities.  For  instance,  in  the  fruit 
country  during  the  picking  season,  in  communities  raising  large 
amounts  of  nursery  stock,  and  communities  with  large  areas  devoted 
to  truck  gardening,  there  is  a  variety  of  seasonal  employment  entirely 
lacking  in  the  large  cities.  The  selling  of  newspapers  in  Greater 
New  York  is  mostly  in  the  hands  of  regular  full-time  employes 
while  in  the  smaller  communities,  the  delivery  of  newspapers  is 
handled  almost  entirely  by  school  boys.  If  wisely  directed  and  care- 
fully supervised  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  regular  school  work 
boys  over  twelve  years  of  age  can,  without  doubt,  earn  considerable 
money  and  at  the  same  time  get  a  great  deal  of  valuable  training  by 
being  employed  for  one  or  two  hours  a  day  while  not  attending 
school. 


178  OUR  BOYS 


*  Tork. 
Cities  over  25,000,. 
Oitiei  under  25,000. 
Villages  or«r  5,000. 
under  5,000.* 


Oities  orer  25,000 


1  lev  York , 

2  sew  Jttonelle , 

2  Yonkers... 

4  Buffalo.. , 

5  Kiagara  falls. ...J 

7  Kingston* 1 

8  M0ttnt  Ternou. ....•I 

9  Albany \ 

10  jtoohester I 

12  Sohenectady \ 

13  Iroy ..] 

14  Jamestown. J 

16  Utioa 1 

17  Syracuse. .1 

It  Watertown I 

19  Auburn... ........ 

20  Hair* '. 

21  Binghamton. i 

22  Oswego 


M% 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BOYS   WHO  EARNED  MONEY  WHILE  IN  SCHOOL 
Chart  No.    13.  —  State  Summary  and   Cities  over  25,000 


OUR  BOYS 


179 


1  Laoiawanna 

2  White  Plains 1 

3  Plattaburg | 

4  Tonawanda 4 

5  Waterrliet 1 

6  Dunkirk. I 

7  lorth  Tonawanda.  .1 

*  Beacon I 

9  Olean ] 

10  Little  Jfalls I 

11  Cohoes I 

12  Oneida, | 

13  Port  Jerris .1 

14  Jfeohanicville....! 

15  Corning .1 

16  firae ( 

17  Tulton I 

18  Oneonta.... | 

19  ]tenss«la<9r....»..] 

20  Salamanca I 

21  Ogdensfcurg A 

22  Hornell 1 

23  Batavia..) I 

24  iockport ..] 

25  Hudson. •»•• 1 

26  Middletovm 1 

27  Saratoga  Springs,' 

28  Johnstown •! 

29  Ithaca ! 

30  Canandaigua 1 

31  Cortland 1 

32  tforwioh 1 

S3  Glens  Falls I 

34  Geneva 

35  aloversvi 

36  Glen  Cove. 


0%         10%        20%        3*%        «%        5«'%        60%        70%        80% 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BOYS  WHO  EARNED  MONEY  WHILE  IN  SCHOOL 

Chart  No.  13-A.—  Cities  under  2i5;000 


9«%       100% 


J80  OUR  BOYS 

^Did  nat  earn  noany  Barnad  mon»y 

%          10%         20%         30%         40%        50%         60%'  ---  70%«^Jto%        90%        1007* 

1  i*p«rw  ............  ••••••••(••^••(••pajjfrcizilj 

2  mchogue  ........  •••^•^•••••^•^•^••••••IBI    '      » 

8  Xaaseaa  ..........  •••••••••••••••••••CZIZZZZI 

4  Hatqpatead,  .......  ••^^^^••••••••^••iMaMCZZ      '          ' 

5  Albion  ...........  •••••^••••••^^••^•HZ      '  I 

6  Port 
T  lort 

8  Hoosick  Jails  •  .  . 

9  Bockrille 
10  Hastings 
11 

12 

13  Lancaster 

14  Haverstraw 
16  Fort  "*"*?*"•- 

16  Tarry  town 

17  Tredonla 

18  Whitehall 

19  SolTay 

20  Johnson  city 

21  Waterford 

22  idalone 


24  Wellsville 

25  Hudson  ^1lH 

26  catsid.ll 

27  Peekskill 

28  Walden 

29  Nawaric 

30  Lawrence*  •••• 

31  Penn  Tan. 

32  llion  ........ 

33  HertdLiaer. 
84  Freeport 

35  Saranac  Lake. 
36 

37  Waver  ly 

38  iiedina. 

39  fiyaok 

40  Sencoa 

41  Ow«go 


0%          10%        20%        30%        40%        50%        60%         70%        M%        9»%       1M% 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BOYS  WHO  EARNED  MONEY  WHILE  IN  SCHOOL 

Chart  No.  13-B.  —  Villages  over  5,000 


OUR  BOYS 


181 


CHAPTER  XIV 
Night  School  Enrollment 

Less  than  ten  percent  attend  night  school 

Chart  No.  14  and  table  No.  14  in  the  text  show  that  the  night 
school  enrollment  of  boys  of  these  ages  varies  from  ten  percent  in 
Greater  New  York  to  less  than  five  percent  in  the  smaller  cities  and 
villages.  Night  schools,  however,  are  not  maintained  in  all  the 
smaller  cities  and  villages,  which  lowers  the  record  for  these  groups. 
Where  night  schools  are  maintained  between  twenty  and  thirty 
percent  of  the  boys  expressed  a  desire  to  attend.  These  desires  were 
probably  not  very  strong  in  most  cases  and  it  is  quite  likely  were 
expressed  in  some  instances  to  make  a  favorable  impression  on  the 
teacher  recording  the  answers.  In  general  night  schools  are  at- 
tended largely  by  men  and  older  boys. 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

NIGHT  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.  14  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


ATTENDANCE 

GROUPS 

Attends 

Would 
attend 

Would  not 
attend 

TotaJ 
percent 

Oreater  New  York                                             * 

10  0 

30.6 

59.4 

100.0 

Cities  over  25,000  

10.2 

21.5 

68.3 

100.0 

Cities  under  25,000  
Villages  over  5  000 

4.4 
3  0 

23.5 
37.5 

72.1 
59.5 

100.0 
100.0 

Places  under  5,000  

1.0 

53.5 

45.5 

100.0 

Over  sixty  percent  do  not  wish  to  attend  night  school 

Altho  these  answers  were  recorded  by  teachers  to  whom  boys 
might  be  expected  to  give  as  favorable  an  answer  as  possible  to  this 
question,  yet  the  majority  of  these  boys  were  frank  to  state  that  thej 
had  no  desire  to  attend  night  school.  Personal  interviews  with  some 
ten  thousand  of  these  boys  made  by  the  inspectors  of  the  bureau 
making  this  survey  disclosed  this  same  attitude  on  the  part  of  these 
boys  toward  any  form  of  schooling  which  calls  them  back  to  school- 
houses,  school  books  and  school  shops.  Boys  of  these  ages  seem  to 
have  a  feeling  that  schools  *are  for  "  kids  "  while  they  are  "  men  " 
and  too  old  for  such  things.  Until  they  experience  a  desire  for 
further  schooling,  which  a  wise  counselor  might  awaken,  additional 
schooling  will  have  to  be  compulsory  and  can  well  be  likened  to 
"forced  feeding." 


182 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

NIGITT  SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE  OF  FOREIGN  BORN  BOYS 

TABLE  No.    14- A— CITIES  OVER   25,000  INCLUDING   GREATER 

NEW  YORK 


NATTONAT  TTV 

ATTENDANCE 

Total 

Total 
number 

Attends 

Would 
attend 

Would  not 
attend 

percent 

of 
cards 

Russian  
Italian  . 

2.8 
4  6 

34.8 
32  3 

62.4 
63  1 

100.0 
100  0 

12,850 
5  076 

Austro-Hungarian  
Polish  
English 

2.5 
1.9 
2  6 

30.5 
26.2 
34  0 

67.0 
71.9 
63  4 

100.0 
100'.  0 
100  0 

4,078 
1,836 
1   283 

German  
Irish... 

2.5 
3  6 

28.6 
18  6 

68.9 
77  8 

100.0 
100  0 

967 
359 

Scotch  
Canadian  
Scandinavian  

3.1 
1.1 
.6 

31.4 
28.7 
30.7 

65.5 
70.2 
68.7 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

408 
845 
439 

Total  

2.9 

33.1 

64.0 

100.0 

28,141 

Few  foreign  born  boys  attend  night  school 

Chart  No.  14  and  table  No.  14-A  in  the  text  show  the  night  school 
enrollment  of  the  ten  largest  nationality  groups  represented  by  the 
boys  of  the  cities  over  25,000  population,  including  Greater  New 
York.  Their  records  vary  from  4.6  percent  in  the  Italian  group 
to  less  than  one  percent  for  the  Scandinavians,  the  average  for  the 
whole  group  being  2.9  percent.  Their,  expressed  desire  to  attend  is 
a  little  higher  than  that  of  boys  in  general  in  the  individual  cities 
over  25,000,  as  is  shown  on  chart  No.  14  and  tables  No.  14-A  in 
the  text  and  14-B  in  the  appendix. 
Might  schools  in  some  cities  cannot  accommodate  applicants 

In  some  cities,  such  as  Rochester,  where  over  twenty  percent  of 
the  boys  are  enrolled  in  the  night  schools,  there  are  not  sufficient 
facilities  to  care  for  all  who  applied  for  admission.  It  is,  however, 
very  significant  and  important  to  note  that  in  this  same  city  sixty- 
four  percent  of  the  boys  stated  that  they  had  no  desire  to  attend. 
Lackawanna  and  Depew  have  remarkable  records  for  night  school 
attendance,  but  as  in  the  case  of  Rochester  between  64  and  67.4 
percent  state  that  they  do  not  wish  to  attend.  In  each  of  the  above 
instances,  the  percent  of  those  expressing  a  desire  to  attend  has 
been  decreased  rather  than  the  percent  of  those  unwilling  to  attend. 
These  records  all  go  to  support  the  contention  that  the  majority  of 
boys  of  these  ages  have  no  desire  for  further  schooling. 


OUR  BOYS  183 

Short  unit  courses  are  needed  for  employed  boys 

That  there  is  a  definite  need  for  short  unit  courses  was  brought  to 
light  by  the  personal  interviews  with  thousands  of  these  boys 
made  by  the  inspectors  of  this  bureau  in  the  course  of  the  sur- 
vey. Long,  indefinite  courses  in  arithmetic,  mechanical  draw- 
ing, auto  mechanics  and  kindred  subjects  do  not  appeal  to  boys  or 
for  that  matter  to  many  men.  A  short  course  successfully  covered 
is  a  great  incentive  to  further  effort  which  cannot  be  said  of  long, 
drawn-out,  indefinite  courses  in  night  schools  or  part-time  schools. 

The  outstanding  fact  in  regard  to  night  school  attendance  of  boys 
of  these  ages  is  that  the  majority  of  them  have  no  desire  for  further 
schooling.  It  is  possible  to  create  a  desire  for  further  schooling 
thru  proper  guidance  and  counsel  and  the  offering  of  popular  short 
courses. 


1S1 


JJovs 


Would  not 


»reater  l¥w  Toxic.... I 

Oltlei  OY«r  25,000..! 

Oltlea  Tiader  25,000  J 

Tlllagti  over  8,000 J 
PUoes  under  6,000.4 


s  and  Parent • 
Grater  Mew  Tork  and  Oit  ••  ow  25,000 


zs  latertova. 


M% 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

NIGHT  SCHOOL  ENROLLMENT 

Chart   No.    14. —  State   Summary,   Cities   over   25,000  and   Ten   Nationality 

Groups 


OUR  BOYS 


185 


186 


OUR  BOYS 


*  ......... 


l 

-4 
ll 

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Hill 


:  £  :  :  : 

lill'SljJ 


ii 


in 


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ll 


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OUR  BOYS  18' 


CHAPTER  XV 
Beginning  Weekly  Wage 

Boys  begin  working  for  smaller  wages  in  Greater  New  York 

The  wages  of  boys  during  this  period  were  of  course  exceedingly 
high  because  of  the  influence  of  the  World  War.  The  wage  given 
as  $6.00  means  Wages  from  $4.50  to  $7.49,  inclusive,  $9.00  means 
from  $7.50  to  $10.49,  inclusive,  etc.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the 
beginning  wages  of  the  boys  were  lower  in  New  York  City  than  in 
any  of  the  other  groups.  Chart  ~No.  15  and  tables  No.  15  and  15-D, 
in  the  text,  show  that  twenty-five  percent  of  the  boys  of  Greater 
New  York  started  to  work  for  $6.00  or  less  per  week,  fifty  percent 
for  $8.55  or  less  per  week  and  seventy-five  percent  of  the  boys  for 
$12.45  or  less  per  week.  The  middle  fifty  percent  of  the  boys  from 
Greater  New  York  received  from  $6.00  to  $12.45  per  week.  In 
the  cities  over  25,000,  twenty-five  percent  of  the  boys  began  work 
for  $6.75  or  less  per  week,  fifty  percent  for  $10.20  or  less  per  week 
and  seventy-five  percent  of  the  boys  for  $15.45  or  less  per  week.  In 
cities  under  25,000,  twenty-five  percent  of  the  boys  began  work 
for  $6.90  or  less  per  week,  fifty  percent  for  $10.80  or  less  per  week 
and  seventy-five  percent  of  the  boys  for  $15.50  or  less  per  week. 
In  the  villages  over  5,000,  twenty-five  percent  of  the  boys  began 
work  for  $7.20  or  less  per  week,  fifty  percent  for  $11.25  or  less 
per  week  and  seventy-five  percent  of  the  boys  for  $16.20  or  less 
per  week.  The  middle  fifty  percent  of  the  boys  from  Greater  New 
York  received  from  $6.00  to  $12.45  per  week,  as  contrasted  with 
from  $7.20  to  $16.20  per  week  in  the  villages  over  5,000  population. 

It  is  difficult  to  tell  just  why  the  beginning  weekly  wages  of  boys 
should  increase  as  the  population  of  the  group  grows  less,  but  the 
returns  received  from  the  boys  show  this  to  be  true.  It  may  have 
been  due  to  the  fact  that  large  numbers  of  the  older  men  and  boys 
were  attracted  to  the  cities  to  work  in  the  war  industries  and  that 
the  scarcity  of  labor  in  the  smaller  cities  increased  the  demand  for 
boy  labor.  Tables  Nos.  15-A,  15-B  and  15-C,  in  the  appendix, 
give  the  wages  for  boys  in  the  individual  cities  and  villages  of  the 
State  and  will  be  valuable  for  reference  in  future  years. 


188 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BEGINNING  WEEKLY  WAGE 
TABLE  No.  15  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


Total 

GROUPS 

$3 

$6 

$9 

$12 

$15 

$18 

$21 

$24 

$27 

$30  + 

per- 

cent 

Greater  New  York  

8.9 

32.2 

25.1 

13.5 

11.2 

4.8 

2.3 

1.1 

,. 

.7 

100.0 

Cities  over  25,000  

7.9 

23.7 

20.3 

13.9 

14.1 

8.4 

5.4 

3.3 

l!9 

1.1 

100.0 

Cities  under  25,000  

8.8 

20.1 

19.5 

15.6 

14.3 

10.6 

5.5 

3.7 

1.2 

.7 

100.0 

Villages  over  5,000  

7.2 

18.8 

19.8 

17.0 

13.5 

10.5 

6.4 

4.0 

1.8 

1.0 

100.0 

Note: 


means  from  $4.50  to  $7.49  ;  $9  means  from  $7.50  to  $10.49,  etc. 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
BEGINNING   WEEKLY   WAGES   OF   THE    TWENTY-FIVE   PERCENTILE, 

MEDIAN  AND  SEVENTY-FIVE  PERCENTILE  BOYS 
TABLE  No.  15-D  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

25  Percentile 

Median 

75  Percentile 

Greater  New  York  
Cities  over  25,000  
Cities  under  25,000  
Villages  over  5,000  

$6.00 
6.75 
6.90 
7.20 

$8.50 
10.20 
10.80 
11.25 

$12.45 
15.45 
15.90 
16.20 

OUR  BOYS 


Hill 

£4    o    ^  ^  o 

Irfff* 


*  s 

fi  & 

'    tf  8 

s  s  a 


190  OUR  BOYS 


CHAPTER  XVI 
Present  Weekly  Wage 
Boys  wages  were  smallest  in  Greater  New  York 

Chart  ^No.  16  and  tables  No.  16  and  16-D,  in  the  text,  give  the 
present  weekly  wages  for  the  city  and  village  groups  as  of  Decem- 
ber 3,  1918.  The  wage  given  as  $6.00  means  wages  from  $4.50 
to  $7.49,  inclusive;  $9.00  means  from  $7.50  to  $10.49,  inclusive, 
etc.  As  in  the  case  of  the  beginning  weekly  wages,  the  wages  paid 
in  New  York  City  were  smaller  than  those  in  other  communities 
of  the  State.  The  most  plausible  explanation  for  this  seems  to  be 
that  given  in  the  preceding  chapter,  namely,  that  older  men  and 
boys  were  drawn  from  the  smaller  communities  to  the  larger  cities 
by  the  demand  for  labor  in  the  war  industries  and  the  younger 
boys  who  could  not  leave  home  so  readily  were  in  greater  demand  in 
the  smaller  communities.  Twenty-five  percent  of  the  boys  in 
Greater  New  York  received  $12.30  or  less  per  week;  in  the  cities 
over  25,000  they  received  $13.20  or  less  per  week;  in  the  cities 
under  25,000  they  received  $13.86  or  less  per  week,  and  in  the  vil- 
lages over  5,000  they  received  $14.25  or  less  per  week.  Fifty  per- 
cent of  the  boys  of  Greater  New  York  received  $15.30  or  less  per 
week;  in  the  cities  over  25,000  they  received  $14.10  or  less  per 
week;  in  the  cities  under  25,000  they  received  $18.10  or  less  per 
week,  and  in  the  villages  over  5,000  they  received  $17.25  or  less 
per  week.  Seventy-five  percent  of  the  boys  in  Greater  New  York 
received  $18.'9IO  or  less  per  week;  in  the  cities  over  25,000  they 
received  $18.45  or  less  per  week;  in  the  cities  under  25,000  they 
received  $24.90'  or  less  per  week,  and  in  the  villages  over  5,000 
they  received  $21.30  or  less  per  week.  The  middle  fifty  percent  of 
the  boys  in  Greater  New  York  received  from  $12.50  to  $18.90  per 
week;  in  the  cities  over  25,000  from  $13.20  to  $18.45  per  week;  in 
the  cities  under  25,000  from  $13.86  to  $24.90  per  week,  and  in 
the  villages  over  5,000  from  $14.25  to  $21.30.  Tables  No.  16-A, 
16-B  and  16jC,  in  the  appendix,  give  the  wages  of  the  boys  for  the 
individual  cities  and  villages  of  the  State  and  will  be  useful  for 
comparison  in  future  years. 


OUR  BOYS 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PRESEN-T  WEEKLY  WAGE 
TABLE  No.  16  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


Total 

GROUPS 

$3 

$6 

$9 

$12 

$15 

$18 

$21 

$24 

$27 

$30  + 

per- 

cent 

Greater  New  York  

.3 

1.1 

11.4 

20.3 

28.4 

17.1 

9.9 

6.0 

1.7 

3  8 

100.0 

Cities  over  25,000  

.9 

2.8 

9.7 

12.6 

20.6 

17.2 

14.4 

11.0 

8.2 

2  6 

100  0 

Cities  under  25,000  

.7 

3.1 

7.9 

10.9 

17.2 

19.0 

15.3 

11.4 

10.2 

4,3 

100.0 

Villages  over  5  000 

g 

2  6 

8  9 

12  1 

19  8 

20  5 

15  9 

9  2 

7  i 

3  0 

100  0 

Note  :    $6  means  from  $4.50  to  $7.49  ;  $9  means  from  $7.50  to  $10.49,  etc. 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
PRESENT    WEEKLY    WAGES    OF    THE    TWENTY-FIVE    PERCENTILE, 

MEDIAN  AND  SEVENTY-FIVE  PERCENTILE  BOYS 
TABLE  No.  16-D  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

25  per- 
centile 

Median 

75  per- 
centile 

Greater  New  York                                          

$12.30 

$15.30 

$18.90 

Cities  over  25  000                                                                                      •  - 

13.20 

14.10 

18.45 

Cities  under  25,000                                     

13.86 

18.10 

'^  .  90 

Villages  over  5,000  
Male  and  female  elementary  school  teachers  in  cities  over  8,000.  .  .  . 

14.25 
$13.86 

17.25 
$16.60 

21.30 

$19.80 

These  boys  received  higher  wages  than  elementary  school  teachers 

These  untrained  boys  in  the  smaller  cities  and  villages  o^  the 
State  actually  received  higher  wages  than  the  men  and  women 
elementary  school  teachers  of  the  cities  of  the  United  States  over 
8,000  population,  as  is  shown  by  comparing  these  figures  with  those 
given  by  Dr.  E.  S.  Evenden,  of  Columbia  University,  in  his  study 
of  teachers'  salaries  and  salary  schedules. 

Twenty-five  percent  of  the  teachers  received  $13.86  or  less  per 
week,  while  twenty-five  percent  of  the  village  boys  received  $14.25 
or  less  per  week.  Fifty  percent  of  the  teachers  received  $16.60 
or  less  per  week,  while  fifty  percent  of  the  boys  received  $17.25 
or  less  per  week.  Seventy-five  percent  of  the  teachers  received 
$19.80  or  less  per  week  and  seventy-five  percent  of  the  boys  received 
$19.80  or  less  per  week.  Many  interesting  individual  cases  were 
encountered  by  the  teachers  making  this  survey.  They  found  boys 


192  OUR  BOYS 

who  had  left  school  in  the  lower  grades  and  taken  positions  paying 
them  over  twice  as  much  as  the  teachers  themselves  were  receiving. 
There  were  numerous  instances  where  boys  were  receiving  over  fifty 
dollars  a  week.  One  normal  school  principal,  whose  teachers  filled 
out  questionnaires,  reported  to  the  director  of  the  survey  that  many 
boys  in  their  village  were  receiving  more  than  the  normal  school 
teachers.  The  discovery  of  these  facts  by  the  teachers  filling  out 
the  questionnaires  awakened  much  of  the  activity  displayed  in  the 
recent  successful  campaign  for  increasing  the  teachers'  wages  in 
New  York  State. 


OuiJ  BOYS  103 


CQ 


194 


OUR  BOYS 


CHAPTER  XVII 
How  They  Obtained  Employment 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

How  THEY  OBTAINED  EMPLOYMENT 
TABLE  No.  17  —  SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


Popu- 

Adver- 

Employ- 

Total 

lation 

GROUPS 

Friend 

tise- 

School 

Church 

ment 

Applied 

per 

of  em- 

ment 

bureau 

cent 

ployed 

boys 

Greater  New  York  

27.9 

5.7 

1.8 

.2 

7.7 

62.7 

100.0 

124,795 

Cities  over  25,000  

22.6 

.2 

.7 

.1 

.3 

76.1 

100.0 

42,690 

Cities  under  25,000  

24.9 

.3 

.3 

.1 

.2 

74.2 

100.0 

11,014 

Villages  over  5,000  

27.3 

.1 

.2 

.4 

72.0 

100.0 

5,557 

Most  boys  found  their  own  jobs 

The  boys  were  asked  to  state  how  they  obtained  employment,  with 
the  idea  of  discovering,  if  possible,  how  much  guidance  and  assist- 
ance boys  were  receiving  from  schools,  employment  bureaus,  churches 
and  other  agencies  interested  in  boy  welfare.  The  returns,  as 
shown  on  chart  No.  17  and  table  No.  17,  in  the  text,  and  tables  Nos. 
17-A,  17-B  and  17-C,  in  the  appendix,  indicate  very  clearly  that 
practically  nothing  is  being  done  in  the  matter  of  aiding  boys 
to  secure  proper  employment.  The  answers  to  the  question,  "  Who 
helped  you  get  your  job?"  were  very  easily  classified  under  six 
headings.  Under  the  term  "Applied  "  were  included  such  answers 
as  "  Sign  in  window,"  "Applied,"  "Asked  for  a  job,"  "  No  one," 
"Got  it  myself,"  etc.  In  New  York  City  62.5  percent  of  the 
boys  got  their  jobs  in  this  way,  as  compared  with  76.1  percent  in 
cities  over  25,000 ;  74.2  percent  in  cities  under  25,000,  as  com- 
pared with  72  percent  in  villages  over  5,000.  In  Greater  New 
York  5.7  percent  of  the  boys  answered,  "Advertisement  in  news- 
paper," as  compared  with  from  .1  to  .3  percent  in  the  other  com- 
munities of  the  State.  Employment  agencies,  churches  and  schools 
give  little  assistance.  In  Greater  New  York  1.8  percent  of  the  boys 
received  assistance  from  the  schools,  as  compared  with  from  .2 
to  .7  percent  in  other  places.  In  Greater  New  York  1.7  percent 
received  aid  from  employment  bureaus,  as  compared  with  from 
.2  to  .4  percent  in  other  places.  The  churches  gave  practically  no 
assistance  in  any  place. 


Quit  BOYS  195 

"  Friends  "  helped  about  one-fourth  of  the  boys  get  jobs 

Under  the  heading  "  Friend  "  is  included  "  Relative,"  "  Knew 
foreman/'  "Knew  the  boss/7  "A  friend/'  etc.  From  twenty-two 
to  twenty-eight  percent  of  the  boys  obtained  positions  in  this  way 
and  without  doubt  part  of  these  boys  had  some  guidance  in  the 
matter  of  selecting  a  position.  Just  how  valuable  this  guidance 
was  it  is  difficult  to  tell,  altho  the  interviews  held  with  boys  in 
the  shops  by  the  inspectors  of  this  bureau  indicate  that  in  the 
majority  of  cases  the  "friend"  simply  told  the  boy  of  the  vacancy 
which  he  happened  to  know  about  and  in  some  instances  introduced 
him  to  the  foreman.  The  answers  received  to  this  question  on  the 
questionnaires  and  the  information  gained  from  the  personal 
interviews  with  boys,  in  addition  to  the  information  obtained  from 
employment  managers  and  employers,  clearly  indicate  that  boys  on 
leaving  school,  uncounseled  and  unguided,  take  the  first  job  they 
can  get,  regardless  of  whether  or  not  it  offers  any  opportunities  for 
training  and  advancement. 


196 


OUR  BOYS 


I 


s  si 


2Q 


S 


2" 


£      * 


OUR  BOYS  197 


CHAPTER  XVIII 
Number  of  Jobs  Held 

Chart  ~No.  18  and  table  No.  18,  in  the  text,  and  tables  No.  18-A, 
18-B  and  18-C,  in  the  appendix,  show  the  number  of  jobs  held  by 
these  boys.  The  personal  interviews  held  by  the  inspectors  of  this 
bureau  with  many  thousands  of  these  boys  indicate  that  boys  hold 
their  jobs  for  comparatively  short  periods  of  time  and  change 
from  job  to  job  for  all  sorts  of  trivial  reasons.  Boys  were  found  who 
had  left  good  jobs  with  excellent  opportunity  for  training  and 
advancement  and  jobs  which  they  really  liked  to  accept  other  posi- 
tions without  opportunity  for  training  or  advancement  for  a  very 
slight  temporary  increase  in  wages. 

The  size  of  the  community  makes  no  difference  in  the  number  of 
jobs  held 

Chart  No.  18  and  table  No.  18,  in  the  text,  show  very  clearly 
that  regardless  of  the  size  of  the  community  about  twenty-three 
percent  of  the  boys  had  had  one  job,  twenty-six  percent  two  jobs, 
twenty-three  percent  three  jobs,  twelve  percent  four  jobs  and  six 
percent  five  jobs.  It  is  characteristic  of  boys  of  these  ages,  regard- 
less of  environment,  to  change  from  job  to  job  on  the  slightest 
provocation. 

Many  "boy  jobs77  are  necessarily  so-called  " blind  alley"  jobs 
which  do  not  in  themselves  offer  any  opportunity  for  further 
advancement.  It  is  possible,  however,  under  proper  guidance  and 
direction  to  so  locate  these  boys  that  the  experience  they  receive 
in  a  so-called  "blind  alley77  job  will  fit  them  to  change  profitably 
within  a  short  time  to  some  other  position  in  a  different  type  of 
industry.  Information  such  as  is  shown  on  the  tables  and  charts 
in  this  chapter  clearly  emphasizes  the  need  for  counsel  and  guid- 
ance for  boys  of  these  ages. 

Employment  managers  are  anxious  to  assist  boys 

Employment  managers  in  concerns  employing  large  numbers  of 
boys  are  very  much  interested  in  the  proper  training  and  advance- 
ment of  boys.  Boys  of  these  ages,  however,  unless  they  receive 
counsel  and  guidance  from  outside  sources  are  often  retained  with 


198 


OUR   BOYS 


difficulty  by  such  concerns  because  the  uncounseled  boy  fails  to 
understand  the  value  of  the  opportunity  afforded  by  these  concerns 
for  training  and  advancement  and  is  easily  influenced  to  give  up  a 
job  of  this  character  by  such  reasons  as  a  slight  increase  in  wages, 
easier  work,  shorter  hours,  to  work  with  a  boy  friend,  etc. 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

NUMBER  OF  JOBS  HELD 
TABLE  No.  18  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


Tola. 

GROUPS 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10  + 

per 

cent 

Greater  New  York  

23.6 

25.7 

22.8 

12.1 

6.4 

3.3 

1.5 

1.0 

1.2 

2.4 

100.0 

Cities  over  25,000  .              .    . 

21.2 

27.0 

23.0 

12.1 

6.2 

3.5 

1.8 

1.4 

2.7 

1.1 

100.0 

Cities  under  25  000 

22  9 

29  6 

22  9 

10  8 

5.3 

3.0 

1.5 

1.2 

1.7 

1   1 

100  0 

Villages  over  5,000           

25.2 

28.2 

21.2 

9.9 

5.5 

3.5 

1.6 

1.2 

2.2 

1.5 

100.0 

OUR  BOYS 


"  s.a-n 

* 

2 
«o 

£--  — 

* 

•3 
t» 

I"  """""& 

S                            0 

o                             ftq 

SBHBB^ 

^                                     >5 

1 

2                          ,0 

03 

"  Jin! 

44 

f_c 

O 

illii! 

e 

>H 
r3  « 

a525 

200 


OUR   BOYS 


CHAPTER  XIX 
The  Length  of  Time  on  the  Present  Job 

Fifty  percent  of  the  boys  held  their  jobs  for  less  than  six  months 

Chart  No.  19  and  table  'No.  19,  in  the  text,  and  tables  jNo.  19-A, 
19-B  and  19-C  show  the  percent  of  boys  holding  jobs  for  various 
periods  of  time.  The  term  six  months  means  from  4.5  months 
to  7.49  months;  nine  months  means  from  7.5  months  to  10.49 
months,  etc.  The  information  on  the  above  mentioned  chart  and 
tables  clearly  indicates  that  regardless  of  the  size  of  the  community 
about  forty  percent  of  the  boys  held  jobs  for  less  than  4.5  months, 
that  about  sixty  percent  of  the  boys  held  jobs  for  less  than  Y.5 
months.  The  information  on  this  table  should  be  studied  in  con- 
nection with  the  information  in  tables  ]STo.  18  and  ISTo.  20.  Under 
proper  guidance  and  direction  it  is  altogether  likely  that  many 
boys  would  be  advised  not  to  remain  in  some  of  their  so-called 
"blind  alley"  jobs  for  longer  periods  of  time.  The  small  amount 
of  training  they  have  received  should,  however,  be  used  as 
foundation  training  for  their  next  job,  which  should  be  a.  better 
one  than  the  one  they  left  and  offer  opportunities  for  further  train- 
ing, altho  this  job  in  itself  may  also  be  a  so-called  " blind  alley"  job. 
At  present,  however,  boys  winder  aimlessly  from  one  job  to  another, 
wasting  valuable  time  and  oftentimes  acquiring  habits  which  unfit 
them  for  better  positions.  The  need  of  wise  counsel  is  here  again 
emphasized. 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

THE  LENGTH  OF  TIME  ON  PRESENT  JOB 
TABLE  No.  19 — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

3 
mos. 

6 
mos. 

9 
mos. 

12 
mo8. 

15 
mos. 

18 
mos. 

21 

mos. 

2 
yrs. 

3 

yrs. 

4 
yrs. 

5 
yrs. 

Total 
per 
cent 

Greater  New  York  

39  0 

17.6 

8.0 

10.4 

3.4 

6  6 

.7 

9  5 

3  ?. 

1.0 

.6 

100.0 

Cities  over  25,000 

38  0 

21  5 

8  1 

9  2 

4  8 

7  3 

s 

5  6 

3  0 

9 

8 

100  o 

Cities  under  25,000  

42.5 

19.9 

6.9 

10.1 

3.6 

6  6 

.5 

6  2 

2  8 

.6 

.3 

100.0 

Villages  over  5,000  

41.9 

20.5 

6.5 

9.6 

3.1 

7.8 

.9 

5.4 

2.6 

.9 

.8 

100.0 

OUR   BOYS 


201 


.!.. 


202 


OUR   BOYS 


CHAPTER  XX 
Why  Boys  Liked  Their  Jobs 
About  ninety  percent  of  the  boys  like  their  jobs 

It  is  to  be  expected  that  most  boys  like  their  present  jobs,  other- 
wise they  would  quit.  Some  jobs  are  of  such  a  character  that  no 
boy  could  like  them  long  and  it  is  no  discredit  to  the  boys  that 
they  dislike  them.  In  many  cases,  however,  the  boys  are  misfits, 
there  being  nothing  wrong  with  either  the  boy  or  the  job.  It  is 
remarkable  that  the  percentage  of  dislike  is  no  higher  when  we 
consider  the  fact  that  no  systematic  effort  is  made  to  direct  boys 
to  suitable  employment.  The  fact,  however,  that  the  boy  likes  his 
job  now  is  no  indication  that  he  will  continue  to  like  it  long.  The 
fact  that  boys  do  not  hold  their  jobs  for  many  months  at  a  time,  as 
is  shown  in  Chapters  XVIII  and  XIX,  indicates  that  their  like 
for  their  jobs  is  not  necessarily  a  very  strong  like,  for  if  it  were 
they  would  not  change  jobs  so  often. 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

WHY  BOYS  LIKED  THEIR  JOBS 
TABLE  No.  20  — SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

Learn 
a 
trade 

Easy 

Clean 

Good 
wages 

Ad- 
vance- 
ment 

Inter- 
esting 

Miscel- 
laneous 

Don't 
like 
it 

Total 
per 
cent 

Greater  New  York 

7  0 

20  2 

1  3 

6  7 

19  7 

26.8 

7.3 

11.0 

100  0 

Cities  over  25,000  

7.1 

19.9 

2.1 

12.0 

9.1 

29.5 

10.0 

10.3 

100.0 

Cities  under  25,000  

5.5 

18.3 

4.6 

14.9 

5.3 

27.4 

13.5 

10.5 

100.0 

Villages  over  5,000  

4.2 

21.4 

6.2 

13.0 

5.9 

26.6 

11.1 

11.6 

100.0 

OUR   BOYS 


203 


(H     O 


I 


CQ 


204  OUR   BOYS 

One-fifth  of  the  boys  like  easy  jobs 

In  all  sections  of  the  State  about  twenty  percent  of  the  boys  said 
they  liked  their  jobs  because  they  were  "easy."  "Easy"  is,  of 
course,  a  relative  term  —  it  may  infer  that  the  present  job  is  easier 
than  a  previous  one  or  the  job  of  some  boy  friend. 

About  seven  percent  like  their  jobs  because  they  can  learn  a  trade 

Most  of  the  jobs  of  boys  are  so-called  "  blind  alley  "  jobs  and 
must  probably  be  so  in  our  present  industrial  scheme.  This  does 
not  mean,  however,  that  his  present  job  cannot  be  so  selected 
as  to  better  fit  him  for  another  so-called  "  blind  alley "  job 
requiring  more  general  efficiency  and  so  on  up  the  scale.  A  "blind 
alley"  job  is  one  which  does  not  of  itself  develop  into  permanent 
employment  of  a  skilled  or  even  semi-skilled  type.  Boys  are  not 
learning  trades  today,  but  are  becoming  semi-skilled  workmen. 
That  is,  they  are  learning  in  a  short  time  to  produce  as  much  as 
another  worker  who  has  been  at  the  same  job  for  a  period  of  years. 
To  learn  a  skilled  trade  requires  a  much  longer  period  of  time. 
When  the  compulsory  training  law  was  passed  by  the  New  York 
State  Legislature,  in  1916,  it  was  assumed  that  a  large  number 
of  sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen  year  old  employed  boys  of  the 
State  were-  apprentices  an-d  were  learning  skilled  trades.  The  infor- 
mation received  on  the  questionnaires,  as  well  as  that  gathered  from 
the  personal  interviews  made  by  the  inspectors  of  this  bureau,  show 
that  less  than  five  percent  of  the  boys  are  actually  learning  skilled 
trades.  Many  who  say  they  are  learning  trades  or  think  they  are 
learning  them,  are  really  learning  to  be  semi-skilled  workmen,  the 
time  required  to  learn  this  semi-skilled  trade  being  from  one  to 
three  or  four  months.  Unless  a  special  effort  is  made  to  select 
and  train  some  boys  to  become  thoroly  skilled  journeymen  there 
will  soon  be  a  dearth  of  all-round  mechanics  and  tradesmen  from 
whose  ranks  foremen,  master  mechanics,  etc.,  are  drafted. 

The  opportunity  for  advancement  is  greater  in  New  York  city  than 
elsewhere 

About  twenty  percent  of  the  boys  in  'New  York  City  like  their 
jobs  because  there  is  an  opportunity  for  advancement.  In  the  cities 
over  25,000  only  nine  percent  of  the  boys  gave  this  reason  and  about 
six  percent  in  the  smaller  cities  and  villages. 


OUR   BOYS  205 

Wages  are  not  attractive  in  Greater  New  York 

In  Chapters  XV  and  XYI  it  was  clearly  shown  that  the  begin- 
ning and  present  weekly  wages  in  $ew  York  City  were  much  lower 
than  in  the  other  communities  of  the  State.  This  explains  why  less 
than  seven  percent  of  the  boys  in  Greater  New  York  like  their  jobs 
because  of  good  wages  as  compared  with  from  twelve  to  fifteen  per- 
cent in  the  other  communities  of  the  State. 

From  twenty-five  to  thirty  percent  of  the  boys  like  their  jobs  because 

they  are  interesting 

A  little  over  one-fourth  of  the  boys  in  all  the  communities  of  the 
State  regardless  of  size,  reported  that  they  liked  their  jobs  because 
they  were  interesting.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  "  interest- 
ing "  like  "  easy  "  is  a  relative  term.  The  present  job  may  be  more 
interesting  than  the  previous  job  because  it  is  newer.  It  may  be 
more  interesting  than  going  to  school  for  the  same  reason.  That  it 
is  not  interesting  enough  to  hold  boys  for  any  length  of  time  is  shown 
by  the  data  in  Chapters  XVIII  and  XIX. 

About  ten  percent  of  the  boys  like  their  jobs  for  miscellaneous' 
reasons 

All  sorts  of  scattering  reasons  were  given  by  boys  for  liking  their 
jobs  and  it  was  necessary  to  classify  them  under  the  heading  "  Mis- 
cellaneous." This  term  includes  such  reasons  as  "  Like  the  boss," 
a  Near  home,"  "  Nice  place  to  work,"  "  Short  hours,"  etc. 

Only  about  two  percent  like  jobs  because  they  are  clean 

It  may  seem  strange  to  many  persons  that  as  high  as  two  percent 
of  the  boys  liked  jobs  because  they  were  clean  but  such  is  the  case. 


206 


OUR   BOYS 


CHAPTER  XXI 
Lack  of  Care  Used  in  Hiring  Boys 

About  thirty  percent  of  the  boys  filled  out  application  blanks 

The  boys  were  asked  whether  or  not  they  filled  out  application 
blanks  to  discover  if  possible  how  much  care  is  used  in  the  hiring 
and  placing  of  boys  by  employers.  The  returns  on  the  question- 
naires verify  the  information  gathered  by  the  inspectors  of  this 
bureau  in  their  personal  interviews  with  employed  boys  in  all  sec- 
tions of  the  State,  namely,  that  little  effort  is  ever  made  by  employers 
to  fit  boys  to  their  jobs  and  as  a  result  the  labor  turnover  is  very 
large.  Where  application  blanks  are  used  they  contain  very  little 
valuable  information  and  unless  there  is  a  trained  employment 
manager  connected  with  the  business  little  use  is  ever  made  of  them. 
The  same  is  true  of  the  references  which  the  boys  are  required  in 
some  instances  to  give.  In  fact  in  the  majority  of  cases  the  so-called 
application  blanks  and  references  are  nothing  more  than  small  blank 
forms  asking  for  the  boy's  name,  age,  address  and  place  of  last 
employment. 

Almost  sixty  percent  used  neither  application  nor  reference  blanks 

The  majority  of  boys  were  not  required  to  fill  out  any  sort  of 
blank  or  to  give  any  references.  New  York  City  seems  to  use  a 
little  more  care  in  the  selection  of  boys  than  the  smaller  communi- 
ties of  the  State.  This  is  probably  due  to  the  fact  that  there  'are 
many  firms  employing  large  numbers  of  boys  that  have  employment 
managers  who  are  making  every  effort  to  fit  boys  and  other  employes 
to  their  jobs.  It  is  very  difficult,  however,  for  boys  of  these  ages  to 
properly  evaluate  the  opportunities  offered  by  some  of  these  firms  for 
future  advancement.  A  wise  counselor  of  boys  working  in  con- 
junction with  an  employment  manager  can  be  of  immense  assist- 
ance both  to  the  boys  and  to  their  employers. 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

APPLICATION  BLANKS  AND  REFERENCES 
TABLE  No.  21  —  SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

Filled 
out 
appli- 
cation 

Gave 
references 

Did 
neither 

Total 
per 
cent 

Popu- 
lation of 
employed 
boya 

Greater  New  York                

32.9 

12.6 

54.5 

100.0 

124,795 

Cities  over  25  000 

36.2 

6.1 

57.7 

100.0 

42,690 

Cities  under  25,000   

31.7 

2.4 

65.9 

100.0 

11,014 

Villages  over  5,000  

30.8 

3.7 

65.5 

100.0 

5,557 

OUR   BOYS 


207 


Greater  Hew  York... 
Cities  over  25,000. 
Cities  under  25,000 
Villages  over  5,000 


Filled  application 

10%          20%          » 


Gave  reference*      I        Jeither 

««%         M% 60% 70%        W% 


Cities  over  25,000 


1  Sobenectady 

2  Watertown.. 

3  Jbobester.. 

4  Buffalo 

5  Auburn. 

6  Syracuse 

7  levrtrargh 

•  Albany 

9  Niagara  Fall* 

10  Mount  iernon. 

11  ffew  YOrtc 

12  Oswego 

13  Utioa 

14  Tonka rs..... 

15  lew  a>chelle 

16  Jaaestown... 

17  Troy 

13  Pou^ikeepsle 

19  Binghamton.. 

20  Slmlra 

21  Amsterdam... 

22  Kingston.... 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PER  CENT  FILLING  OUT  APPLICATION  AND  REFERENCE  BLANKS 

Chart  No.   21. —  State   Summary   and  Cities  over  25,000 


OUR   BOYS 


1  Coming 

2  Dunkirk. 
8  Salanaao 

4  Oneonta. 

5  Hornell. 

6  Clean... 

7  LadBwan 

8 


9  Port 

10  Geneva 

11  Vatarvllet 

12  Onaida 

14  Sorth  Tonawanda, 

15  White  Plains.... 

16  UeohanicTille... 

17  Middletown 

18  Batavia 

19  Ithaca 

20  Lockport 

21  Touawanda.. ...... 

22  Platteburg....... 

25  Hudson. .......... 

24  Cohoes , 

25  Canandaigua... 

26  Beacon.. 

27  Saratoga  Springs, 

SO  Ciena  Falls 

29  Little  Falls.... 
SO  Fulton. 

31  Glen  Cove* 

32  lorwich 

S3  Ogdensburg... .. 

34  Johnstown.. .... 

35  Cortland 

36  Gloversville..... 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employe^  Boys 

PER  CENT  FILLING  OUT  APPLICATION  AND  REFERENCE  BLANK' 

Chart  No.  21  A.— Cities  under  25,000 


OUB  BOYS 


209 


1  Ilioa 

Z  Tredoni* 

5  Sol-ray • 

4  Waverly 

6  Seneca  Falls.... 

6  a>ckville  Center 

7  Lancaster....... 

8  Tarrytown* 

9  osslning 

10  BerJcimer 

11  Whitehall. 

12  Wells vi lie 

13  Depew 

14  ?re  sport 

15  kacnroneok 

16  Port  Chaster.... 

17  lyack ,.» 

18  Peekskill, 

19  Johnson  City.... 

20  lorth  Tarrytown. 

21  Hastings 

22  Owogo 

23  Huntin^tou. 

24  Sndioott 

25  Lawrence 

26  Havers tru-.t 

27  Patchogae 

28  Waterford. 

29  Catsldll.. 

30  Walden 
51  lewark 

32  Mai one 

33  Medina 

34  Port  Washington. 

35  Hudson  falls.... 

36  Hoosldc  Kills... 

37  Perm  Ian 

38  Henpatead 

39  Maasena.. ....... 

40  Albion. 

41  Saraoao  Lake.... 


9% 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Oltt  Employed  Boys 

PER  CENT  FILLING  OUT  APPLICATION  AND  REFERENCE:  BLANKS 

Chart  No.   21-B. —  Villages   over   5,000 


210 


OUR   BOYS 


CHAPTER  XXII 
How  They  Saved  Their  Money 

About  fifty  percent  bought  Liberty  Bonds  or  War  Savings  Stamps 
The  Liberty  Loan  drives  reached  about  fifty  percent  of  the  hoys. 
Whether  these  boys  would  have  saved  their  money  in  other  ways 
had  it  not  been  for  these  drives  it  is  impossible  to  tell.  Slightly 
fewer  boys  in  New  York  City  were  reached  by  the  drives  than  in 
the  smaller  communities  of  the  State.  These  figures  of  course  do  not 
give  any  indication  of  the  amount  of  money  which  they  saved  in 
this  manner.  Their  savings  may  have  been  very  small  indeed  in 
some  instances,  altho  the  majority  of  these  boys  were  purchasers 
of  Liberty  Bonds  rather  than  War  Savings  Stamps.  The  figures  for 
the  individual  cities  as  given  in  tables  No.  22-A,  22-B  and  22-C  show 
•quite  -a  wide  variation  in  the  number  of  boys  saving  their  money 
in  this  manner.  In  the  cities  over  25;OCO  Binghamton  heads  the 
list  with  53.5  percent  and  Troy  is  at  the  end  with  39.3  percent.  In 
the  cities  under  25,000  Salamanca  heads  the  list  with  81.3  percent 
while  the  record  for  Ogdensburg  is  only  23  percent.  In  the  villages 
over  5,000  Lancaster  heads  the  list  with  74  percent  and  Saranac 
Lake  is  at  the  end  with  12.3  percent. 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

How  THEY  SAVED  THEIR  MONEY 
TABLE  No.  22  —  SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

Liberty 
bonds 

Bank 

Other 
ways 

Did  not 
save 

Total 

per  cent 

Greater  New  York 

46.7 

9  8 

4  3 

39  2 

100  0 

Cities  over  25,000  

50.0 

20.0 

4.0 

26.0 

100.0 

Cities  under  25,000  
Villages  over  5,000 

52.2 
49  4 

20.5 
18  5 

4.6 
6  0 

22.7 
26   1 

100.0 
100  0 

Fewer  boys  in  Greater  New  York  saved  money  in  banks 

Only  ten  percent  of  the  boys  in  Greater  New  York  saved  money 
in  the  banks  as  compared  with  twenty  percent  in  the  other  communi- 
ties of  the  State.  In  the  city  of  Utica  as  high  as  thirty  percent  of 
the  boys  saved  money  in  the  banks  as  compared  with  only  ten  per- 
cent in  the  city  of  Albany.  In  the  cities  under  25,000  Cortland  holds 
the  record  with  45.3  percent.  In  one  or  two  other  cities  the  record 


OUK    BOYS  211 

is  as  low  as  eleven  percent.  In  the  villages  over  5,000  Port  Wash- 
ington heads  the  list  with  a  record  of  thirty-six  percent  while  in  one 
village  the  record  goes  as  low  as  five  percent.  These  records  are  of 
interest  and  value  to  local  communities  as  a  check  on  the  methods 
used  by  local  banks  for  inducing  boys  to  open  savings  accounts. 

Forty  percent  of  the  boys  in  Greater  New  York  did  not  save  any 

money 

The  record  of  the  boys  who  did  not  save  money  varies  from  forty 
percent  in  Greater  New  York  to  twenty-three  percent  in  the  smaller 
cities  of  the  State.  In  the  cities  over  25,000  the  record  varies  from 
seventeen  percent  in  the  case  of  Utica  to  about  thirty-five  percent 
in  Troy.  In  cities  under  25,000  the  record  varies  from  seven  per- 
cent in  Salamanca  to  thirty-six  percent  in  Cohoes.  In  villages  over 
5,000  the  record  varies  from  63.2  percent  in  Massena  to  only  11.6 
percent  in  Johnson  City. 

Boys  need  counsel  in  matters  of  thrift 

The  above  figures  show  conclusively  the  wide  variation  in  the 
number  of  boys  in  the  different  communities  who  are  saving.  The 
fact  that  the  record  of  saving  is  so  high  in  some  communities  and 
so  low  in  others  shows  that  where  a  special  effort  is  made  large 
numbers  of  boys  can  be  influenced  to  save  their  money.  A  wise 
counselor  would  not  only  be  able  to  induce  boys  to  save  their  money 
but  to  save  it  to  the  best  advantage.  It  would  be  interesting  to 
follow  up  the  methods  used  by  the  banks  in  some  of  the  communi- 
ties, such  as  Cortland,  N".  Y.,  where  the  record  is  relatively  high 
for  savings  in  banks,  and  compare  them  with  methods  used  in 
other  cities.  Some  of  these  results  may  be  traceable  to  efforts  which 
the  public  schools  have  made  along  the  line  of  thrift  campaigns. 


212 


OUR   BOYS 


Liberty  Bond!  or 
War  Saving 
10% 


d*  or      I  B&ok 
3tanpa   L 

»%         »%         40% 


All  others 


J. 


loue 


Greater  ffew  York. , 
Cltlea  over  25fOOO«J 
Cities  under  25,000, 
Villages  over  5,000. 
Places  under  5,000., 


Cities  over  25,000 


1  Utioa  ......... 

2  J^mos  terra..... 

3  a>oh*ster.  ..«. 

4  Slaira  .......  • 

5  Oawego.  ....... 

6  Hewtooagh  ...... 

7  Watertown 
•  Buffalo 

9  Auburn.  •  ...... 

10  Niagara  Falls. 

11  Schanecfrady... 
1%  lew 

IS  Biaghamton  ......  < 

14  Syracuse........ 

15  Pooghlcaepaie....  . 

16  Amaterdam... 

17  Yonicers 

10  Kingston.  ... 

19  Troy. 

20  n 

31  Albany 
22  vev  York 


100' 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

How  THEY  SAVED  THEIR  MONEY 
Chart  No.  22  —  State  Summary  and  Cities  over  25,000 


OUR  BOYS 


213 


1  Salamanca 

2  Lookport 1 

3  Cortland I 

4  Sorth  Tonawanda. 

5  feme I 

6  Little  Falls.... 

7  Johnstown. 

8  Corniag ' 

9  Canandaigum 1 

10  Oneida 

11  Donfcirk ! 

12  Gaeonta... 

13  Glover sville...* 

14  Clean. 

15  Beacon* 

16  lliddletown I 

17  Tonawanda. 

18  Hudson. 

19  Port  Jorvis 

20  Hornell 

21  Geneva 

22  Glens  Falls 

23  LackBmnna 

24  White  Plains.... 

25  BBnsselaer 

26  Horwlah 

27  B&tavia 

28  Ithaoa 

29  Mechanicville..* 

30  Plattsburg 

31  Watervliet 

3£  Cohoes 

33  Glen  Cove 

34  Saratoga  Spring 

35  Ogdensburg..... 

36  Fulton 


Liberty  Boot*  or 
War  Saying  Stamps 

10%          30%*  30% 


*0%    70%    80%    90%   1«0% 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

How  THEY  SAVED  TIIEIB  MONEY 
Chart  No.   22A.— Cities   under  25,000 


214 


OUK  BOYS 


1  Johnson  City.. 

2  Lancaster 

3  Ilion 

4  Well8Till«.... 

5  Solvay 

6  Hbosick  Falls. 

7  Waver ly 

•  Peekakill 

9  Walden 

10  Herkimer , 


11  Bockville  Center 

12  Port  Chester.... 

13  Depaw 

14  Penn  Yan 

15  Fredonia 

16  Water ford 

17  Tarrytown 

18  Hasting 

19  Owego 

20  JSndicott 

21  Hudson  J?alls.... 

22  JTyaok 

£3  Huntlngton. 

24  Oasining 

26  Fatchogue 

26  Whitehall 

27  ffewark 

28  MamaroBaok. . .  .  .  . 

19  Fr««port 

30  North  Tarry  town* 
21  Seneca  Falls.... 

32  Port  Washington. 

33  Medina 

34  Albion 

35  Malone 

36  Cat  ski 11 

37  Laurence 
36  Htrapstead. 

39  Haver  straw 

40  Maaaena 

41  Saranac  Lake 


!•%         20%         30% 


56% 


70% 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

How  THEY  SAVED  THEIR  MONEY 
Chart  Xo.  22B.— Villages  over   5,000 


OUR   BOYS 


215 


CHAPTER  XXIII 
Contributions  Toward  Family  Support 

Almost  ninety  percent  of  the   boys   contributed  toward  family 
support 

The  number  of  boys  who  did  not  contribute  toward  family  sup- 
port varies  from  10.5  percent  in  Greater  New  York  to  19.6  percent 
in  villages  over  5,000.  In  Greater  New  York  77.4  percent  of  the 
boys  contributed  more  than  $10.00  per  week;  in  other  cities  over 
25,000  population  68.8  percent  contributed  over  $10.00;  in  cities- 
under  25,000  population  59.6  percent  contributed  over  $10.00  and 
in  villages  over  5,000  population  59.6  percent  of  the  boys  con- 
Iributed  over  $10.00.  The  median  contribution  in  each  of  the  groups 
falls  between  $10.00  and  $15.00. 

Foreign  born  boys  contribute  more  than  American  born  boys 

A  special  study  was  made  of  the  contributions  of  American  born 
and  foreign  born  boys  in  the  city  of  Niagara  Falls  which  has  a 
very  large  foreign  population  and  it  was  found  that  the  median 
American  born  boy  contributed  $8.50  per  week  toward  family  sup- 
port, while  the  median  foreign  born  boy  contributed  $12.50.  Time 
prevented  a  more  detailed  study  of  the  contributions  of  individual 
boys  and  we  are  therefore  unable  to  state  definitely  what  percent 
of  the  weekly  wage  was  contributed  toward  family  support.  It 
should  be  noted,  however,  that  more  boys  in  the  smaller  cities  and 
villages  contributed  nothing,  altho  the  data  on  present  weekly  wages 
in  Chapter  XVI  show  that  boys  in  the  smaller  cities  and  vil- 
lages received  higher  wages  than  in  the  larger  cities. 

Table  No.  23,  in  the  text,  and  chart  No.  23  show  the  percent  of 
boys  in  each  city  and  village  group  who  contributed  various  amounts 
toward  family  support. 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

WEEKLY  CONTRIBUTION  TOWARD  FAMILY  SUPPORT 
TABLE  No.  23  —  SUMMARY  FOR  NEW  YORK  STATE 


GROUPS 

$1 

$2 

$3 

S4 

So 

$6 

$7 

$8 

$9 

$10 
to 

$15 
or 

Noth- 

Total 
ppr 

$15 

more 

cent 

Greater  New  York  

.1 

.3 

.4 

.7 

3.7 

2.9 

3.9 

6.6 

4.0 

44.5 

22.4 

10.5 

100.0 

Cities  over  25,000  

.2 

.4 

.9 

1.5 

6.9 

5.2 

6.8 

6.8 

2.5 

38.2 

17.2 

13.4 

100.0 

Cities  under  25,000  

.5 

.6 

1.2 

2.2 

10.5 

7.9 

8.5 

7.0 

2.0 

27.6 

16.6 

15.4 

100.0 

Villages  over  5,000  

.3 

.6 

1.4 

2.2 

11.4 

6.7 

8.5 

7.1 

2.2 

26.  7 

13.3 

19.6 

100.0 

216 


OUE  BOYS 


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OUK   BOYS  217 


CHAPTER  XXIV 
Occupations 

On  the  questionnaires  the  boys  were  asked  to  give  the  mother's 
occupation,  the  father's  occupation,  the  boy's  present  occupation  and 
the  occupation  he  desired  to  follow  ten  years  hence.  The  tabulation 
of  these  various  occupations  has  been  confined  to  the  boys  of  Greater 
New  York  and  the  other  cities  of  the  State  over  25,000  population. 
This  group  of  boys  includes  about  seventy-five  percent  of  the  six- 
leen,  seventeen  and  eighteen  year  old  employed  boys  of  the  State 
and  covers  every  type  of  occupation.  No  additional  information 
would  have  been  secured  by  including  the  boys  in  the  small  cities 
and  villages  and  the  work  would  have  been  greatly  complicated  by 
so  doing. 

The  occupation  code  used  is  printed  in  full  in  the  appendix  of 
the  report  and  follows  mainly  the  classification  used  by  the  Federal 
Census  Bureau.  In  order  to  make  it  practicable  to  study  the  cor- 
relations between  fathers'  occupations,  boys'  present  and  desired 
occupations,  last  grades  completed,  best  and  least  liked  studies,,  etc,, 
it  was  necessary  to  group  these  occupations  under  seventeen  main 
headings  as  follows: 

Professional  Clay,  Glass  and  Stone 

Clerical  Printing 

Retail  Business  Transportation 

Executive  Positions  Food  Production  and  Preparation 

Government  Service  Textiles 

Building  Trades  Leather 

Metal  Trades  Mi ^ellaneons  Manufactures 

Wood-working  Labor 

Clothing 

It  is  a  very  difficult,  unsatisfactory  and  well-nigh,  impossible  task 
to  even  roughly  classify  such  a  w7ide  variety  of  occupations  under 
as  few  as  seventeen  headings.  Any  one  who  studies  the  code  care- 
fully will  probably  feel  that  some  of  the  occupations  have  been 
improperly  classified.  This  is  often  due  to  the  fact  that  the  name 
of  the  occupation  is  somewhat  misleading.  The  field  inspectors 
who  visited  the  different  manufacturing  plants  in  all  parts  of  the 


218  OUE   BOYS 

State  became  very  familiar  with  the  actual  work  done  by  men  and 
boys  in  different  occupations.  Many  of  the  doubtful  cases  were  classi- 
fied in  the  light  of  their  knowledge.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind 
that  oftentimes  the  same  name  is  applied  to  a  large  variety  of  occu- 
pations in  different  industries.  For  purposes  of  comparison,  how- 
ever, very  satisfactory  results  have  been  obtained  by  using  these 
classifications. 

Most  of  the  mothers  of  these  employed  boys  are  homemakers 

The  tabulations  of  the  mothers'  occupations  are  not  published  in 
this  report  because  with  few  exceptions  the  mother's  occupation  was 
given  as  that  of  housekeeper.  The  occupations  of  the  few  mothers 
who  worked  away  from  home  were  so  scattering  as  to  make  the  data 
of  little  value.  This  information,  however,  covering  as  it  does  the 
entire  State  of  New  York,  shows  conclusively  that  practically  none 
of  the  mothers  of  employed  boys  of  these  ages  were  wage  earners. 

More  fathers  than  mothers  were  reported  dead 

About  one-tenth  of  the  boys  reported  that  the  father  was  dead 
while  only  one-twentieth  of  the  boys  reported  that  the  mother  was 
dead.  Vital  statistics  show  that  no  more  fathers  than  mothers  are 
actually  dead  which  means  as  has  been  stated  in  Chapter  IV  on 
Guardianship  that  many  boys  had  been  told  their  father  was  dead 
as  an  easy  way  to  explain  his  absence. 

There  is   some   correlation   between   fathers'    and   boys'   present 
occupations 

Four  correlation  tables  were  made  between  the  father's  occupa- 
tion and  the  bey's  present  occupation.  See  tables  No.  24,  24-A,  24-B 
and  24-C  in  the  appendix  and  charts  No.  24,  24-A,  24-B  and  24-C. 
Chart  No.  24  and  table  No,  24  deal  with  the  sixteen,  seventeen  and 
eighteen  year  old  groups  combined.  Charts  and  tables  No.  24-A, 
24-B  and  24-C  deal  with  the  occupations  of  the  sixteen,  seventeen  and 
eighteen  year  old  groups  taken  separately.  The  cross  hatched  bars 
on  the  charts  show  where  the  correlation  in  each  group  occurs.  The 
charts  for  the  three  age  groups  are  almost  identical  and  show  con- 
clusively that  there  is  110  greater  correlation  in  the  eighteen  }ear 
old  group  than  in  the  sixteen  and  seventeen  year  old  groups. 

In  Chapter  XIX  it  has  been  shown  that  boys  change  their  jobs 
very  frequently  and  in  Chapter  XX  that  about  ten  percent  of  the 


OUR   BOYS  219. 

boys  dislike  their  jobs.  Keeping  all  of  these  facts  in  mind  it  can 
be  readily  seen  that  a  boy  likes  his  job  for  a  while  and  then  gradu- 
ally drifts  to  the  point  of  disliking  it  so  much  that  he  change]  to 
another  one.  Altho  there  is  a  constant  and  frequent  shifting  of  boys 
from  job  to  job,  nevertheless  the  number  of  boys  following  the 
occupations  of  their  fathers  is  slightly  greater  than  those  following 
other  occupations.  A  great  many  of  the  changes  from  job  to  job 
are  changes  within  an  occupation  group  rather  than  from  one  group 
to  another. 


220 


Ouu  Boys 


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OUR   BOYS 


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a  • 


Sixteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
SHOWING  CORRELATION  BETWEEN  FATHER'S  OCCUPATION  AND  BOY'S  PRESENT 

OCCUPATION 
Chart  No.  24A. —  Cities  over  25,000  including  Greater  New  York 


n          «  t 

Seventeen  "Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
SHOWING  CORRELATION  BETWEEN  FATHER'S  OCCUPATION  AND  BOY'S  PRESENT 

OCCUPATION 
Chart  No.  24B.— Cities  over  25,000  including  Greater  New  York 


ilillilni        1   i  111     I    i  i    i     Hi 


S^Si 


f   '  \ 


Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
SHOWING  CORRELATION  BETWEEN  FATHER'S  OCCUPATION  AND  BOY'S  PRESENT 

OCCUPATION 
Chart  No.  24C. —  Cities  over  25,000  including  Greater  New  York 


222  OUR  BOYS 

There  is  some  correlation  between  fathers'  occupations  and  boys'  desired 
occupations 

Four  correlation  tables  were  made  between  the  father's  occupa- 
tion and  the  boy's  desired  occupation.  See  tables  No.  24-D,  24-E, 
24-F  and  24X3-  in  the  appendix  and  charts  No.  24-D,  24-E,  24-F 
and  24-G.  Chart  No.  24-D  and  table  No.  24-D  deal  with  the  occupa- 
tions of  the  sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen  year  old  groups  combined. 
Charts  and  tables  -No.  24-E,  24-F  and  24-G  deal  with  the  occupations 
of  the  sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen  year  old  groups  taken  sepa- 
rately. The  cross  hatched  bars  on  the  charts  show  where  the  cor- 
relation in  each  occupation  group  occurs.  The  charts  for  the  three 
age  groups  are  almost  identical  and  show  conclusively  that  there  is 
no  greater  correlation  in  the  eighteen  year  old  group  than  in  the 
sixteen  and  seventeen  year  old  groups. 

Many  fathers  were  reported  as  being  in  the  clothing  trades  who 
were  really  in  the  retail  clothing  business.  This  accounts  for  the 
fact  that  over  thirty  percent  of  their  sons  expressed  a  desire  to  go 
into  retail  business.  If  these  retail  clothing  dealers  had  been 
properly  classified  the  correlation  as  shown  under  retail  business 
would  be  much  larger. 

Personal  interviews  with  boys  also  brought  to  light  the  fact  that 
many  of  the  sons  of  clothing  makers  have  no  desire  to  follow  the 
occupation  of  the  father,  but  are  desirous  of  entering  the  retail 
clothing  business. 


OUR   BOYS 


223 


BOX  ruD^xnuoK 
mo.U,n.o.Tn    «,. 


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OUR   BOYS 


1    I! 


si 


Sixteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
SHOWING  CORRELATION  BETWEEN  FATHER'S  OCCUPATION  AND  BOY'S  DESIRED 

OCCUPATION 
Chart  No.  24E. —  Cities  over  25,000  including  Greater  New  York 


!     i!        Ii    It  In 


.'.it,      if  i  . 

t    I    ii      I    i!       i    II  i 


aaezqaEl     "•*      i 


Seventeen  Year  Old  Emploi/ed  Boys 

SHOWING  CORRELATION  BETWEEN  FATHER'S  OCCUPATION  AND  BOY'S  DESIRED 

OCCUPATION 

Chart  No.  24F. —  Cities  over  25,000  including  Greater  New  York 


—  1      !   i!      if    It  is  if        1  I 


hil 

ii  i  i  ii 


Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 
SHOWING  CORRELATION  BETWEEN  FATHER'S  OCCUPATION  AND  BOY'S  DESIRED 

OCCUPATION 
Chart  No.  24G. —  Cities  over  25,000  including  Greater  New  York 


OUK   BOYS  225 

There  is  a  large  correlation  between  boys'  present  and  desired 
occupations 

Four  correlation  tables  were  made  between  the  boys'  present  occu- 
pations and  desired  occupations.  See  tables  No.  24-H,  24-1,  24-J 
and  24-K  in  the  appendix.  Chart  No.  24-H  and  table  No.  24-H 
deal  with  the  sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen  year  old  groups  com- 
bined. Charts  and  tables  No.  24-1,  24-J  and  24-K  deal  with  the 
sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen  year  old  groups  taken  separately. 
The  cross  hatched  bars  on  the  charts  show  where  the  correlation  in 
each  occupation  group  occurs.  The  correlation  shown  between  the 
present  and  desired  occupations  is  much  greater  than  between  the 
fathers'  occupations  and  the  boys'  present  and  desired  occupations. 
This  large  correlation  is  easily  explained  when  we  recall  that  ninety 
percent  of  the  boys  said  they  liked  their  present  occupations.  For 
this  reason  many  of  them  probably  thought  they  would  like  to  con- 
tinue in  that  type  of  occupation,  with  the  resulting  large  correla- 
tion. It  should  be  remembered,  however,  that  most  of  these  boys 
change  their  occupations  frequently  and  that  this  large  correlation 
is,  therefore,  not  at  all  indicative  of  the  fact  that  a  few  months 
later  they  will  be  following  these  same  occupations  or  will  have  a 
desire  to  follow  them  in  the  future.  It  is  possible,  however,  that 
when  they  change  their  occupations  they  change  to  some  other  occu- 
pation classified  in  the  same  group  as  their  present  occupation. 
It  should  by  no  means  be  assumed  that  because  there  is  such  a  large 
correlation  shown  between  the  present  and  desired  occupations  that 
these  boys  will  finally  follow  or  desire  to  follow  occupations  similar 
to  their  present  ones. 


226 


OUK   BOYS 


111 


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LTION  BETWEEN  BOY'S  Pi 

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OUR  BOYS 


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OUR  BOTS 


OUR   BOYS  231 

There  is  a  large  correlation  between  grades  completed  and  types 
of  occupations 

Charts  No.  24-L  and  24-M  (see  tables  tNo.  24-L  and  24-M  in  the 
appendix)  are  two  of  the  most  interesting  charts  in  the  report- 
Chart  No.  24-L  showing  the  correlation  between  the  boy's  present 
occupation  and  the  last  grade  completed  indicates  very  clearly  that 
the  more  education  a  boy  has  the  more  likely  he  is  to  get  into  the 
professional,  clerical  and  retail  business  occupations.  It  also  shows 
that  the  less  education  a  boy  has  the  greater  his  chances  are  of  becom- 
ing a  laborer.  Boys  with  no  more  than  an  elementary  school  educa- 
tion are  most  likely  to  become  journeymen  tradesmen.  This  chart 
shows  that  there  are  more  boys  with  a  high  school  education  in 
clerical  than  in  professional  and  retail  business  occupations.  Build- 
ing trades,  metal  trades  and  printing  trades  are  most  popular  with 
boys  who  leave  school  on  the  completion  of  the  seventh  grade. 
Transportation,  textiles,  leather,  clay-glass-stone,  clothing  and 
wood-working  are  more  popular  with  boys  having  an  elementary 
school  education  than  with  boys  who  enter  the  high  school. 

High  school  boys  desire  to  enter  professional,  clerical  and  business 
occupations 

These  charts  show^1  very  conclusively  that  few  boys  desire  to 
become  laborers  but  that  the  slight  desire  expressed  is  greater  with 
boys  who  have  no  high  school  training.  They  show  very  clearly  that 
boys  with  more  high  school  training  get  into  and  desire  to  get  into 
professional,  clerical  and  retail  business  occupations  than  boys  with- 
out high  school  training.  These  charts  also  show  that  more  boys 
with  elementary  school  education  follow  and  wish  to  follow  the 
skilled,  semi-skilled  and  unskilled  trades  and  occupations.  This 
indicates  that  the  type  of  boy  who  is  interested  in  secondary  educa- 
tion  is  the  type  who  will  most  likely  get  into  occupations  requiring 
brain  work  and  that  the  boy  who  does  not  care  for  high  school  training 
is  the  one  who  is  most  likely  to  get  into  manual  occupations.  It 
does  not  follow  however,  that  boys  who  left  school  before  reaching 
the  high  school  would  if  given  a  high  school  training  desire  to  enter 
professional,  clerical  and  business  occupations.  It  is  much  more 
probable  that  the  amount  of  schooling  which  the  boy  gets  is  an  indica- 
tion rather  than  qualification  for  the  type  of  occupation  which  he  will 


232  OUR   BOYS 

follow.  It  is  not  because  he  has  a  high  school  education  but  because 
he  is  the  type  of  boy  who  will  get  a  high  school  education  that  he 
will  enter  professional,  clerical  and  business  occupations. 

It  has  just  been  shown  that  there  are  more  high  school  boys  in 
clerical  occupations  than  in  professional  and  retail  business.  This 
is  due  to  the  fact  that  there  are  more  openings  for  boys  in  clerical 
than  in  professional  and  retail  business  occupations.  More  boys, 
however,  with  high  school  training  express  a  desire  to  enter  the  pro- 
fessional and  retail  business  than  clerical  occupations. 

Few  high  school  boys  desire  to  learn  trades 

Comparatively  few  high  school  boys  expressed  a  desire  to  enter 
the  various  trades  as  a  future  occupation.  About  an  equal  number 
of  boys  with  elementary  and  high  school  educations  expressed  a 
desire  to  enter  executive  positions. 

There  is  a  little  correlation  between  boys'  present  occupations  and 
best  and  least  liked  studies 

Charts  No.  24-N"  and  24-0*  (see  tables  No.  24-1ST  and  24-0  in  the 
appendix)  are  correlations  between  the  best  and  least  liked  studies 
and  the  boys'  present  occupations.  As  in  the  case  of  the  correlation 
between  the  boy's  desired  occupation  and  the  best  and  least  liked 
studies,  boys  who  are  in  professional  occupations  indicate  that  draw- 
ing is  their  best  liked  study.  In  clerical  occupations  language  and 
commercial  subjects  are  most  popular  as  is  the  case  in  the  correla- 
tion between  the  desired  occupations  and  best  liked  studies.  Lan- 
guage and  commercial  subjects  are  best  liked  by  boys  in  retail  busi- 
ness, which  is  also  true  in  the  case  of  boys'  desired  occupations.  The 
likes  for  spelling  and  geography  are  more  prominent  in  the  labor, 
transportation  and  some  of  the  trade  groups.  In  the  correlation 
between  the  boys'  present  occupations  and  the  least  liked  studies  we 
nnd  that  manual  training  and  language,  as  is  the  case  in  the  corre- 
lation between  boys'  desired  occupations  and  least  liked  studies,  are 
most  unpopular.  These  two  studies  are  also  most  disliked  in  the 
clerical  group.  In  the  retail  business  group,  language  and  drawing 
are  most  disliked. 


OUR   BOYS 


233 


nnttiu 


234  OUR   BOYS 

There  is  little  correlation  between  boys'  desired  occupations  and  best 

and  least  liked  studies 

Charts  No.  24-P  and  24-Q  (see  tables  No.  24-P  and  24-Q  in  the 
appendix)  show  the  correlation  between  the  boy's  desired  occupa- 
tion and  the  best  and  least  liked  study.  It  is  noticeable  that  boys 
desiring  to  be  in  professional  occupations  are  more  fond  of  drawing 
than  those  in  other  occupations.  Boys  desiring  to  be  in  clerical 
occupations  are  most  interested  in  commercial  subjects.  Boys  desir- 
ing to  be  in  retail  business  are  most  interested  in  commercial  sub- 
jects and  language.  Boys  desiring  to  be  in  professional  occupations 
expressed  their  greatest  dislike  for  manual  training  and  language. 
Boys  desiring  to  be  in  clerical  occupations  disliked  drawing  and 
language  most.  Boys  desiring  to  be  in  retail  business  disliked  com- 
mercial subjects,  drawing,  language  and  manual  training.  It  should 
be  noted,  however,  that  boys  desiring  to  follow  retail  business  also 
expressed  their  greatest  like  for  language  and  commercial  subjects. 
The  likes  and  dislikes  for  certain  subjects  in  fact  are  so  scattering 
and  varied  as  to  be  of  little  value  in  prognosticating  a  boy's  future 
occupation. 


OUR   BOYS 


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Chart  No.  24-K  (see  table  No.  24-K  in  the  appendix)  shows  the 
percent  of  fathers  and  boys  who  are  in  and  boys  who  desire  to  be 
in  each  of  the  various  occupations.  It  shows  very  clearly  that  more 
boys  desire  to  follow  professional,  retail  business,  executive  positions, 
government  service,  metal  trades  and  transportation  than  are  at 
present  following  these  occupations.  Fewer  boys  expressed  a  desire 
to  continue  in  than  are  at  present  engaged  in  the  other  occupations. 
With  few  exceptions  there  is  not  a  great  deal  of  difference  between 
the  number  of  boys  and  fathers  in  each  of  the  occupations  and  the 
number  of  boys  who  desire  to  be  in  them. 


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238  OUR   BOYS 


CHAPTER  XXV 
Findings  and  Conclusions 

The  findings  and  conclusions  of  this  report  as  given  in  detail  in 
the  twenty-four  preceding  chapters  are  so  numerous  as  to  make  it 
impossible  to  summarize  more  than  the  most  important  ones.  For 
the  convenience  of  the  reader  the  findings  are  given  by  chapters. 

CHAPTER  II  — GENERAL  STATISTICS 

A.     THE  MAJORITY  OF  THESE  BOYS  ARE  OUT  OF  SCHOOL 

1.  Six-sevenths  of  all  sixteen,  seventeen  and  eighteen  year  old  boys  in  New 

York  State  are  out  of  school. 

2.  Three-fourths  of  the  sixteen  year  old  boys  are  out  of  school. 

3.  Seven-eighths   of  the  seventeen  year  old  boys  are  out  of  school. 

4.  Fifteen-sixteenths  of  the  eighteen  year  old  boys  are  out  of  school. 

5.  Of  every  seven  boys  still  in  school  four  are  sixteen  years  old,  two  are 

seventeen  and  one  is  eighteen. 

B.    THE  MAJORITY  OF  BOYS  LIVE  IN  URBAN  COMMUNITIES. 

1.  About  54  percent  of  these  boys  live  in  Greater  New  York. 

2.  74.8  percent  live  in  the  cities  of  the  State. 

3.  77.7  percent  live  in  places  over  5,000  population  having  a  superintendent 

of  schools. 

4.  Only  16.3  percent  live  in  strictly  rural  communities. 

All  the  Following  Findings  Refer  to  the  Employed  Boys  Only 
CHAPTER  III  — NATIONALITY 

1.  In  Greater  New  York  sixty  percent  have  both  parents  foreign  born,  ten 

percent  one  parent  foreign  born  and  thirty  percent  both  parents 
American  born. 

2.  In  Greater  New  York  twenty  percent  of  the  boys  are  foreign  born. 

3.  About  ten  percent  of  the  boys  outside  of  Greater  New  York  are  foreign 

born. 

4.  In  general  the  foreign  population  is  greater  in  the  larger  cities,  although 

there  is  no  direct  correlation  between  the  population  of  individual 
cities  and  the  percent  of  foreign  population. 

5.  The  type  of  foreign  population  varies  greatly  in  the  smaller  cities. 

6.  In  Greater  New  York  the  foreign  population  is  very  cosmopolitan. 

7.  Only  three  percent  of  the  employed  farm  boys  are  foreign  born. 

8.  With  the  exception   of   the  English,  Scotch  and   Canadians   over  ninety 

percent  of  the  foreign  parents  are  of  the  same  nationality.  The 
Italians'  record  of  over  ninety-nine  percent  is  the  highest. 

CHAPTER  IV  — GUARDIANSHIP 

1.  Only  four  boys  out  of  five  claim  the  father  as  guardian. 

2.  Only   73.7    percent   of   American    boys   with   American    parents    as    com- 

pared with  84.7  percent  of  foreign  boys  with  foreign  parents  claim 
the  father  as  a  guardian.  Where  one  parent  is  foreign  born  the 
record  is  80.9  percent. 

3.  Twice  as  many  fathers  as  mothers  were  reported  dead. 

4.  In  some  communities  only  seventy  percent  of  the  boys  claim  the  father 

as  a  guardian. 

5.  Five   percent   of   the  boys   have   neither   a   father   nor   a   mother   as   a 

guardian. 


OUR  BOYS  239 

CHAPTER  V  — FAMILIES 

1.  About    half    of    these    boys    come    from    families   of   four,   five   and   six 

children. 

2.  Foreign  families  are  larger  than  American  families. 

3.  More    Americans    than    foreigners    have    extremely   large   and   extremely 

small   families. 

CHAPTER  VI  —  PERSISTENCE  IN  SCHOOL 

1.  Over  sixty -five  percent  remained  in  school  one  or  more  years  beyond  the 

compulsory  age  limit. 

2.  Over  thirty  percent  left  on  or  before  reaching  the  legal  age  for  leaving 

school. 

3.  About  six  percent  left  illegally. 

4.  In  Greater  New  York  sixty-eight  percent  of  American  born  boys  with 

American  parents  and  sixty-four  percent  of  foreign  born  boys  with 
foreign  parents  remain  one  or  more  years  beyond  the  legal  age  for 
leaving  school. 

5.  In  the  other  cities  seventy-two  percent  of  American  boys  with  American 

parents   and    sixty-one   percent   of   foreign  boys   with   foreign    parents 
remain  one  or  more  years  beyond  the  legal  age  for  leaving  school. 

6.  The  percent  of  American  boys  who  are  still  in  school  is  greater  than  the 

percent  of  foreign  boys  in  every  one  of  a  random  selection  of  eighteen 
large  cities. 

CHAPTER  VII  — AGE  LEAVING  SCHOOL 

Regardless  of  the  size  of  the  community,  nationality,  parentage,  guard- 
ianship, and  rank  in  family. 

1.  About  thirty  percent  left  school  before  fifteen. 

2.  About  thirty-eight  percent  left  school  between  fifteen  and  sixteen. 

3.  About   twenty-six  percent  left  school  between  sixteen  and  seventeen. 

4.  The  twenty-five  percentile  boy  left  school  at  about  14.8  years  of  age. 

5.  The  median  boy  left  school  at  about  15.5  years  of  age. 

6.  The  seventy-five  percentile  boy  left  school  at  about  16.2  years  of  age. 

CHAPTER  VIII  — LAST  GRADES  COMPLETED 

1.  The  twenty-five  percentile  boy  completed  about  7.4  grades. 

2.  The  median  boy  completed  about  8.3  grades. 

3.  The  seventy-five  percentile  boy  completed  about  8.8  grades. 

4.  The  grades  completed  by  the  median  boy  vary  from  8.3  in  Greater  New 

York  to  7.7  in  the  farm  boy  group. 

5.  Sixty-two  percent  of  the  Greater  New  York  boys  completed  the  eighth 

grade  as  compared  with  only  forty-two  percent  of  the  employed  farm 
boys. 

6.  Greater  New  York  sends  fewer  of  these  boys  through  the  first  year  of 

the  high  school  than  any  of  the  other  city  and  village  groups. 

7.  The  average  rate  of  progress  per  grade  per  year  varies  from  92.2  percent 

of  a  grade  completed  each  year  in  Greater  New  York  to  only  82.8  per- 
cent in  the  farm  boy  group. 
8.  Oldest  boys  make  slightly  better  progress  in  school  than  their  younger 

brothers. 

9.  American   born  boys  with   two  foreign   parents  show  a  higher   rate   of 
progress  than  foreign  born  boys  with  foreign  parents. 

10.  American  boys  with  foreign  parents  in  many  nationality  groups  have  a 

higher  rate  of  progress  in  school  than  American  born  boys  with  Ameri- 
can parents. 

11.  The  type  of  foreign  population  rather  than  the  percent  of  foreign  popu- 

lation  influences  the  average  rate  of  progress  per  grade  per  year  in 
various  communities. 

12.  In  the  larger  nationality  groups  where  both  the  boys  and  parents  are 

foreign   born   the   Scotch,    Scandinavians   and   Russian   Jews   have   an 
average  rate  of  progress  of  over  ninety-one  percent  and  the  Italians 


240  OUR   BOYS 

of  only  eighty  percent.  Where  the  boys  are  born  in  America  and  both 
parents  are  foreign  born  the  Scotch,  Scandinavians,  Russian  Jews, 
Germans  and  Austro-Hungarians,  all  have  an  average  rate  of  progress 
of  about  ninety-five  percent  while  the  Italians  have  an  average  of  88.7 
percent. 

13.  American  born  boys  with  foreign  parents  have  a  higher  average  rate 
of  progress  per  grade  per  year  than  foreign  born  boys  with  foreign 
parents  and  in  many  cases  they  excel  the  records  of  American  boys  with 
American  parents. 

CHAPTER  IX  —  REASONS  FOR  LEAVING  SCHOOL. 

1.  The  vast  majority  of  these  boys  left  school  because  they  "  wanted  to  go 

to  work  "  and  not  because  they  were  obliged  to. 

2.  Less  than  fifteen  percent  reported  that  they  were  obliged  to  go  to  work. 

3.  In   New  York    City   thirty   percent  gave  eighth  grade   graduation  as  a 

reason   for   leaving. 

CHAPTER  X  — KIND  OF  SCHOOL  LAST  ATTENDED 

1.  About  ninety  percent  of  the  boys  received  their  education  in  the  public 
schools. 

CHAPTER  XI— 'SHOP  WORK  DONE  IN  SCHOOL 

1.  Relatively    few    boys    received    any    training    in    State-aided    vocational 
schools. 

CHAPTER  XII  — BEST  AND  LEAST  LIKED   STUDIES 

1.  Mathematics  is  the  best  liked   study. 

2.  English  is  the  least  liked  study. 

3.  The  maximum  likes  and  dislikes  for  different  subjects  vary  widely  in  the 

different  grades. 

4.  Likes  and  dislikes  are  not  influenced  by  foreign  birth. 

CHAPTER  XIII  — MONEY  EARNED  WHILE  IN  SCHOOL 

1.  The  majority  of  boys  earn  little  money  while  in  school. 
CHAPTER  XIV  — NIGHT  SCHOOL  ENROLLMENT 

1.  Less  than  ten  percent  attend  night  school. 

2.  Over  sixty  percent  state  that  they  do  not  wish  to  attend. 

3.  Less  than  three  percent  of  foreign  born  boys  attend  night  school. 

CHAPTERS  XV  AND  XVI  — WAGES 

1.  The  twenty-five  percentile  boy  received  between  twelve  and  fifteen  dol- 

lars  per  week. 

2.  The  median  boy  received  between  fifteen  and  eighteen  dollars  per  week. 

3.  The    seventy-five   percentile   boy   received  between   nineteen   and   twenty- 

two  dollars  per  week. 

CHAPTER  XVII  —  OBTAINING  EMPLOYMENT 

1.  Less  than  two  percent  of  the  boys  are  assisted  by  schools,  churches  and 

employment  agencies  in  getting  employment. 

2.  About  one-fourth  get  their  jobs  through  friends  and  acquaintances. 

3.  About  three-fourths  get  them  by  applying. 

CHAPTERS  XVIII  AND  XIX  —  LENGTH  OF  TIME  ON  LAST  JOB 

1.  Over   forty  percent  spent   less  than  four   and  one-half  months   on  their 

last  job. 

2.  About  sixty  percent  spent  less  than  seven  and  one-half  months  on  their 

last  job. 

CHAPTER  XX  — WHY  THEY  LIKED  THEIR  JOBS 

1.  About  one-fifth  liked  their  job  because  it  was  easy. 

2.  About  one-fourth  liked  their  job  because  it  was  interesting. 

3.  About  ten   percent  did  not   like   them   and  would   soon   change   employ- 

ment. 


OUR   BOYS  241 

CHAPTER  XXI  —  CARE  USED  IN  HIRING  BOYS 

1.  No  systematic  effort  is  made  to  fit  the  boy  to  his  job. 

CHAPTER  XXII—  IMONEY  SAVED 

1  .•  In  Greater  New  York  forty  percent  did  not  save  any  money  arid  only 
ten   percent   saved  in  banks. 

2.  Outside  of  Greater  New  York  about  twenty-five  percent  saved  no  money 

and  twenty  percent  saved  in  banks. 

3.  About  fifty  percent  of  all  boys  bought  Liberty  Bonds  and  War  Savings 

Stamps. 

CHAPTER  XXIII— CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  FAMILY  SUPPORT 

1.  The    percent    contributing   nothing   toward    family    support    varies    from 

10.5  in  Greater  New  York  to  19.6  in  villages  over  5,000  population. 

2.  In  Greater  New  York  77.4  percent  contributed  ten  or  more  dollars  per 

week  as  compared  with  only  59.6  per  cent  in  the  villages  over  5.000. 

3.  The   median   contribution   in   each   city   and  village  group   falls   between 

ten  and  fifteen  dollars  per  week. 

4.  Foreign  born  boys  contribute  more  than  American  born  boys. 

CHAPTER   XXIV  — OCCUPATIONS 

There  is  a  distinct  correlation  between 
1.  Fathers'  and  boys'  occupations. 
•2.  Fathers'  and  boys'  desired  occupations. 

3.  Boys'   present  and   desired   occupations. 

4.  Last   grade   completed  and   type   of   occupation. 

5.  There  is  no  more  correlation  in  the  eighteen  year  old  group  than  in  the 

sixieen  year  old  group  in  the  four  items  above. 

6.  Mx>st  boys  leaving  school  on  or  before  completing  the  eighth  grade  enter 

and  desire  to  enter  the  industrial  trades  and  occupations. 

7.  Most  boys   who   complete   one  or  more  years   in   the  High   School   enter 

and  desire  to  enter   professional,   clerical  and   retail  business   occupa- 
tions. 

8.  There  is  little  correlation  between  boys'  present  and  desired  occupations 

and  best   and   least  liked   studies. 


APPENDIX 


[243] 


APPENDIX 


Code  for  Trades  and  Occupations 

GROUP  1 — Professional 


940  Accountant,  certified  public  821 

761  Actor  865 

856  Advisor  958 

791  Aeronautical  engineer  771 

762  Architect,  general  867 

763  Architect,  landscape  868 

764  Architect,  marine  822 

792  Architectural  engineer  823 
457  Artist  831 

765  Artist  and  teacher  of  art  870 
494  Artist's  apprentice  773 

793  Assayer  872 
900  Athlete   (all  kinds)  824 
855  Attorney,  lawyer  871 

857  Author   (not  journalist)  873 

794  Automotive  engineer  925 

858  Bacteriologist,  general  874 

860  Bugler— 877  825 

861  Chaplain  924 

796  Chemical  engineer  876 

803  Chemical  lab.  worker  832 

797  Chemist,  food  analyst,  inorganic,       827 

metallurgical  875 

801  Chemist,  organic  926 

802  Chemist,  paint  mill  833 
908  Chiropodist  775 

804  Civil  engineer  774 

862  Clergyman  877 

806  Commercial  engineer  878 
864  Dental  mechanic  927 

863  Dentist  879 
768  Designer,  artistic  828 

807  Draftsman,  architectural  881 

808  Draftsman,  commercial  880 

809  Draftsman,  detailer  and  tracer  776 

810  Draftsman,  letterer 

811  Draftsman,  machine  design  883 

812  Draftsman,  marine     engine     and       777 

auxiliary  885 

813  Draftsman,  mechanical  884 

814  Draftsman,  railroad  shop  887 

815  Draftsman,  railroad,   survey  829 

816  Draftsman,  reinforced  concrete  830 

817  Draftsman,  ship  and  boat 

818  Draftsman,  structural  882 

819  Draftsman,  tool  design  886 

820  Draftsman,  topographical  or  map       890 

maker  888 

899  Educator  891 

[244] 


Electrical  engineer 

Electrotherapeutist 

Engineer,  statistical,  technical 

Engraver 

Epidemiologist 

Extension  teacher,  lecturer,  etc. 

Heating  or  ventilating  engineer 

Highway  engineer 

Hydraulic  engineer 

Hy  drotherapeuti  st 

Illustrator 

Interpreter 

Inventor 

Investigator 

Journalist 

Manicurist 

Manual  instructor,  psychiatric 

Map  maker 

Masseur 

Mathematician 

Mechanical  engineer 

Metallurgist 

Meteorologist  (weather  expert) 

Midwife 

Mining  engineer,  general 

Motion  picture  laboratory  expert 

Motion  picture  photographer 

Musician 

Neurologist 

Nurse,  not  trained 

Nurse,  trained 

Operation  and  time  study  engineer 

Optician 

Organizer 

Painter  —  artist,      landscape      or 

mural 
Pharmacist 
Photographer 
Physical  instructor 
Physician 

Physiological  lab.  assistant 
Plant  operating  engineer 
Plant   operating   engineer,   hydro 

electric  power 
Podiatrist  (or  orthopedist) 
Professor,     college 
Psychiatrist  assistant 
Psychiatrist    (nurse  specialist) 
Psychologist  assistant 


OUR   BOYS 


245 


889  Psychologist  expert 

834  Radio  —  electrical  expert 

836  Sanitary  engineer 

893  Scientific  observer 

780  Sculptor  and  clay  modeler 

781  Showman 

782  Sign  painter 

894  Specialist 
962  Statistician 

837  Structural  engineer 
892  Surgeon 

844  Surveyor,  chainman 

838  Surveyor,  general 

839  Surveyor,  highway 

840  Surveyor,  instrument  man  (tran- 

sit) 

841  Surveyor,  mine 

842  Surveyor,  railroad 


950 
946 


843     Surveyor,  rodman 

845  Surveyor,  topographical 

846  Surveyor,  topographical,  expert 

847  Surveyor,  topographical  field  as- 

sistant 

848  Surveyor,     topographical     photo- 

graphical  survey 

849  Surveyor,    topographical  triangu- 

lator 
859     Taxidermist 

895  Teacher 

851     Telegraph  engineer 

850  Telephone  engineer 

896  Tester 

897  Veterinarian 

898  Welfare  worker,   administrative 
342     X-Ray  operator 


GROUP   2  —  Clerical    Workers 


941  Accountant,  cost 

942  Accountant,  general 

943  Auditor 

944  Bookkeeper 
979  Cashier 

948  Clerk,  bank 

952  Clerk,  boat  and  dock 

949  Clerk,  filing 


Clerk,  general  office 
Clerk,  X.  0.  S. 


955     Clerk,  photography 
954     Clerk,  Shipping 


957  Comptometer  operator 

956  Comptroller 

630  Delivery  boy  or  man 

627  Errand  boy 

635  Messenger  boy 

960  Office  boy 

961  Secretary,  private 
963  Stenographer 

x02  Stock  clerk  or  keeper 

675  Telegraph  messenger 

x47  Time  keeper 

978  Typist 


GROUP  3  —  Business 


994  Agent 

x53  Auctioneer 

737  Auto  dealer 

701  Banker 

901  Barber 

902  Bartender 

903  Billiard  hall,  dance  hall  keeper, 

etc. 

904  Boarding  and  lodging  house  keeper 
613  Boat  livery 

905  Bootblack 

702  Broker 

703  Business  man 

704  Buyer,  mercantile 

705  Clerk  in  store 
739  Collector 

706  Commercial  traveler 

733  Commission    man,    peddler,    pro- 
duce dealer 

707  Decorator,   draper,   window  dres- 

ser 

605  Exporter  or  Importer 

708  Floor   walker 
632  Garage  keeper 
967  Grocer 

917  Hairdresser 


913  Hotel  keeper   and  manager 

914  Housekeeper  and  steward 

711  Insurance  agent  and  official 
736  Junk   deader 

920  Laundry   owner 

712  Newsboy 
738  Pawn  broker 

778  Property    man,    moving    pictures 

779  Property  man,  theatrical 

716  Purchasing  agent 

717  Real   estate   agent   and   official 

929  Restaurant  keeper 

718  Retail  dealer 

719  Salesman,  saleswoman 

930  Saloon    keeper 

720  Sampler 

931  Soda  dispenser 

965  Storekeeper,  auto  parts  and  acces- 

sories 

966  Storekeeper,   cloth   or   clothing 

967  Storekeeper,  commissary  supplies 

( grocer ) 

964  Storekeeper,  general 

968  Storekeeper,    general,    machinery 

or  machine  tools 

969  Storekeeper,  hardware   and  tools 


246 


OUR   BOYS 


970  Storekeeper,  harness  and  leather  977 

supplies 

971  Storekeeper,  mining  or  quarrying  014 

machine   equipment  721 

972  Storekeeper,    ordinance    and    am-  723 

munition  724 

973  Storekeeper,   pharmaceutical   and  725 

surgical    materials  726 

974  Storekeeper,      photographic      ap-  727 

paratus  and  supplies  728 

975  Storekeeper,    railway    locomotive  722 

or  car  parts  730 

976  Storekeeper,      refrigeration      and  729 

cold  storage  equipment 


991 

603 
866 
992 
993 
555 

710 
265 


109 
003 

642 
743 
759 
634 
666 
755 
746 
747 


Storekeeper,   sawmill,  woodwork- 
ing machinery 
Ticket   seller 
Undertaker 
Wholesaler,   clothing 
Wholesaler,  electrical 
Wholesaler,   general  merchandise 
Wholesaler,   grocery 
Wholesaler,  hardware 
Wholesaler,    hay    and   grain 
Wholesaler,  jobber  or  merchant 
Wholesaler,  milk  dealer 
Wholesaler,  shoes 


GROUP  4  —  Executive  Positions 


Administrative  193 

Captain,  master  or  mate  231 
Employment  manager 

Executive  232 

Foreman  of  present  job  668 
General  manager  or  superintend-       x51 

ent  638 
Inspector 

Master  car  builder  715 


Master  mechanic 

Master     mechanic,     construction, 

mine  or   quarry 
Master  mechanic  R.   R. 
Official,  superintendent  R.  R. 
Owner 
Proprietor  and  manager  transfer 

company 
Proprietor,   official,  manager 


GROUP  5  —  Government  Service 


Armorer  748 

County      agent  (farm      bureau       749 

manager ) 

Detective  750 
Fireman 

Game  protector  669 

Mail  carrier  742 

Mail  clerk  951 

Marine  758 

Marshal,  sheriff,  etc.                              753 

Military  officer  754 


Naval  officer 

Official    and    inspector,   city    and 

county 
Official  and  Inspector,  State  and 

U.  S. 

Policeman 
Politician 
Postal  clerk 
Postmaster 
Sailor 
Soldier 


GROUP  6  —  Building   Trades 


061  Bell  rigger 

280  Brick  layer 

277  Brick   layer,    furnace 

278  Brick  laver,  general 
618  Bolter  up 

253  Bridge  carpenter 

260  Carpenter,  expert 

279  Cement  finisher 
805  Concrete  engineer 

282  Concrete,  foreman 

256  Concrete,  form  carpenter 

281  Concrete,  or  cement  worker 

283  Constructive  foreman  or  sup't 
995  Contractor    and   builder 

317  Crane  operator,  steam 

318  Ditcher   operator 

257  Dock  builder 

319  Dredge  operator 

303  Elevator    constructor 


128  Enameler 

326  Engineman,  portable 

330  Fireman,    portable     (boiler) 

259  Glazier 

304  Iron  and  steel  erector 

287  Marble  setter 
286  Mason,    stone 

305  Painter,  iron  and  steel 
338  Pile  driver 

353  Pipe  coverer 
x50  Pipe  fitter 

354  Pipe,   fitter,  ammonia 

370,  x40,     x50,     Pipe  fitter  general 

357  Pipe  fitter,   outside 

288  Plasterer 

358  Plumber,  general 

306  Rigger,   bridge   and    structural 
266  Roofer 

341  Shovel  operator,  steam 


OUR   BOYS 


247 


340  Shovel  operator,  gas  engine 

355  Solderer 

269  Stage  carpenter 

262  Stair  builder 

363  Steam  fitter 


289 
300 


Stone  cutter 
Structural  steel  worker 


271     Tank  operator 

290  Tile   layer 

291  Water  proof er 


GROUP  7  —  Metal  Trades 


101  Aeroplane    engine    expert  209 

103  Aeroplane  mechanic,  general  173 

107  Aeroplane  rigger  310 

105  Air  propeller  maker  129 

106  Air    propeller    tester  130 

202  Annealer    and   temperer 

108  Armature  winder    (plant  electri-       132 

cian)  131 

200  Assembler,  machinery  expert 

110  Assembler,  small  arms  211 
123  Auto  engine  block  tester  174 

201  Automatic  screw  machine  opera-       212 

tor  183 

111  Automobile  electrician  184 

112  Auto    repairer,    axle    and    trans-       213 

mission,  engine  assembler  186 

114  Auto   repairer,   carburetor  175 

115  Auto  repairer,  chassis  179 

116  Auto   repairer,  engine   inspector          176 

117  Auto    repairer,    general,    expert,       159 

inspector  160 

118  Auto  repairer,  painter 

119  Auto   repairer,   radiator  185 

113  Auto  truck  assembler,  expert  214 

203  Bakery  machinist  215 

125  Barrel  driller  217 

126  Barrel   rifler  219 

127  Barrel  straightener 

204  Battery  mechanic  ordnance  218 
373  Belt  man  133 
210  Bench   assembler  220 

170  Blacksmith,  general  221 

171  Blacksmith,  locomotive  335 

172  Blacksmith,  machine  tool  dresser        134 

180  Boiler  maker,  expert  135 
182  Boiler  maker,  locomotive  362 
192  Bolt  maker  161 
246  Boring  mill   operator  223 

376  Brass  worker  137 
302  Bucker  up  (holder  on)  187 

155  Busheler  138 
378  Camera  assembler  139 

377  Camera  repairer  222 

181  Caulker  229 
191  Chain  maker  224 
158  Chipper  226 

156  Coremaker  227 
216  Crank   shaft  operator  228 

157  Cupola  tender  230 
375  Cutler  225 

206  Die   setter,  expert 

207  Die  sinker,  expert  233 

208  Drill  press  operator  162 


Drill  press  operator,  sensitive 

Drop  forger 

Electric   welder,  spot 

Electrical    instrument   maker 

Electrican,  crane  expert,  machin- 
ist 

Electrician,   search   light 

Electrician,    storage    battery    ex- 
pert or   inspector 

Erector,  floor 

Farrier    (see   horse    shoer) 

Filer  and  grinder 

Fitter  up 

Flange  turner  and  plate  worker 

Floor  assembler 

Flue  welder 

Forge  shop  heater 

Forger 

Forging  machine  operator 

Foundry  foreman 

Furnaceman,  annealer,  heat  ten- 
der 

Gang  leader 

Gauge  maker 

Gear  cutter  operator 

Grinder,   cylinder 

Grinder,  cylindrical,  plane  or  uni- 
versal operator 

Grinder,   tool 

Gunsmith 

Hand  screw  operator    (machine) 

Horizontal  boring  mill  operator 

Hydraulic  press  operator 

Instrument   maker,    surgical 

Instrument    maker,    surveying 

Insulator 

Ladler 

Lathe  operator 

Locksmith 

Locomotive  flue  setter 

Machine  gun  mechanic 

Machine  gun  mechanic,  expert 

Machine  operator 

Machine  tool  millwright 

Machinist,  general 

Machinist,   locomotive,   general 

Machinist,  printing  press 

Machinist,  tool  room  expert 

Marine,   engine  machinist 

Mechanic,  general   (skilled  hel- 
per, general) 

Mechanic,  hospital 

Melter,  brass 


248 


OUR   BOYS 


163  Melter,  open  hearth 
140  Metal  finisher 

339  Metal  sawyer 

234  Milling   machine   operator 
054  Millwright 

164  Moulder 

165  Moulder,  iron  and  brass 

336  Moving  picture  operator 

142  Munition  worker,  cartridge 

143  Munition  worker,  fuse 

144  Munition  worker,   loading 

145  Munition  worker,  powder  mill 

146  Munition    worker,    unclassified 

147  Nitre    bluer 

337  Oiler  of  machinery 

148  Ordnance  man 

235  Pattern  maker    (metal) 

236  Planer  operator 
150  Plater,  electroplater 

237  Press  operator,  drawing 

238  Press  operator,  punch  and  stamp- 

ing 

239  Profiling  machine  operator 

166  Puddler 

240  R.  R.  shop  mechanic 
308  Rivet  heater 


373 
379 
381 
386 
909 
910 
387 


307  Riveter  hand 

177  Roller  and  roll  hand 
401  Sewing  machine  adjuster 

242  Shaper  operator 

1 88  Shearman 
153  Shell  worker 
167  Smelterman 

178  Spring  maker  and  fitter 

189  Steel  plate  straightener 
783  Stencil  maker   (sheet  metal) 

190  Tank    builder,    steel,    locomotive 

cistern  and  tender  repairer 

680  Telephone  electrician 

243  Tool  maker,  gauge  and  fixture  ex- 

pert 

244  Turret  lathe  operator 

151  Typewriter  repairer 

245  Vertical  boring  mill  operator 

152  Watch  and  clock  repairer 
309  Welder,  electric  arc 

311  Welder,  gas  expert 
313  Welder,  general 

312  Welder,  thermal 
424  Wire  worker 
413  Zinc  worker 


GROUP    8  —  Woodworking 


x!4     Action  maker 

120     Auto  repairer,  truck  body,  wagon 
maker,  wheelwright 

041  Axeman,  chopper,  cutter,  timber- 

man 

059  Barker 

254     Cabinet  maker 
420     Chipper,  wood 

263  Cooper 
x!5     Fitter 

043  Forest  ranger 

042  Forester    (forestry   expert,    oper- 

ator or  expert  lumberman) 

044  Forestry  student 

258     Furniture  factory  worker,  N.  0. 
S. 

060  Guide 

264  Joiner  or  wood  worker 
x06     Keymaker 

045  Kiln  tender 
049     Log  driver 

048     Lumber  dealer,  foreman  or  lum- 
ber handler 

055     Lumber  handler    (saw  mill) 
058     Lumber    inspector 

GROUP  9 


Button  maker 
Canvas  worker 
Cloth  worker 
Collar  cutter 
Dressmaker 
Dry  cleaner 
Furrier 


046  Lumberman,  scaling,  mill  sealer 

tallyman 

047  Lumberman,  wood  boss 
141  Model  maker 

261  Packer,  carpenter 

270  Pattern  maker,  wood 

x08  Piano  finisher  and  polisher 

x07  Piano  maker 

xll  Piano  tuner 

050  Pioneer,    plainsman,    prospector. 

scout 

x09  Regulator,  piano  or  organ 

051  Saw  filer 

052  Saw  mill,  carriage  man 

053  Saw  mill,  log  roller 

056  Saw  mill,  portable  sawyer 
xlO  Stringer,  piano 

057  Timber     cruiser     and     cross-cut 

sawyer 

x!2  Veneerer 

784  Wood  carver 

x!3  Wood  turner 

272  Woodworking  machine  operator 

273  Woodworking  mill  man 

Clothing 

x!8  Hat  maker 

x85  Hatter 

935  Milliner 

400  Sewing  machine  operator 

380  Shirt  cutter 

409  Tailor 


OUR   BOYS 


249 


GROUP    10—  Clay,   Glass,   Stone   and   Mining 


098  Air  lift  expert 

062  Blaster  and  powder  man 

063  Block       maker       and       trimmer 

(quarry) 

064  Breaker   hand 

065  Cager  and  grip  man 

066  Car  man 

090  Caser    (wells) 

067  Cutter 

091  Derrick  and  rig  builder 

068  Door  tender 

071  Drill  boy 

069  Driller,  general 

092  Driller,  well 

072  Driver 

073  Engineer,  mining 

074  Fan  runner 

333  Gas  plant  operator,   oxygen  and 

hydrogen 

093  Gauger,  stream 

388  Glass  blower   (glass  factory) 

389  Glass  cutter 

390  Glass  worker 

334  Grader  operator    (stone) 


154  Lens  grinder 

136  Lens  maker 

396  Marble  and  stone  yard  N.  0.  S. 

079  Millman  and  crushman 

077  Mine  shift  boss 

088  Mine  ventilating  expert 
075  Miner,  N.  0.  S. 

078  Motorman 
070  Mucker 
100  Oil  refiner 

094  Pipe  puller 

095  Pressure  tester 
097  Pump  man 

084  Quarry  foreman 

085  Quarryman 
429  Sand  blaster 

082  Screener  and  washer 
081  Siever 

083  Shaft  tender 

x84  Thermometer  maker 

086  Timberman 

087  Topman 

099  Trenchman  pipe  layer 

089  Weigher 


GROUP  11 — Printing 


450  Apprentice,  bindery  worker 
480  Apprentice,  electrotyper 

469  Apprentice,  stereotyper 

465  Apprentice,  photo  engraver 

466  Art  apprentice,  engraver 
483  Artist 

478  Batteryman 

443  Bindery  foreman 

454  Bindery  man 

477  Blocker,  electrotyper 

464  Blocker,  photo  engraver 

476  Builder 

479  Case  filler 
474  Caster 

439  Copy  holder 

447  Cutter 

436  Cylinder  press  feeder 

470  Electrotyper 
459  Etcher 

445  Finisher,  bindery  worker 
473  Finisher,  electrotyper 
461  Finisher,  photo  engraver 
489  Fly  boy,  lithographer 

442  Fly  boy,   pressroom  worker 

471  Foreman,  electrotyper 
431  Foreman,  printer 

446  Forwarder 

451  Gatherer 

496  General  printer 

485  Grainer 

438  Hand  compositor 

482  Letterman 


435  Linotyper 

486  Litho-engraver 
481  Lithographer 

448  -Machine  folder 
472  Molder 

434  Monotype  operator 

493  Other  apprentice,  lithographer 

453  Other  bindery  worker 

455  Photo  engraver 

456  Photo  engraver,  foreman 
458  Photographer,  engraver 
437  Platen  press  feeder 

432  Platen  pressman 
492  Press  feeder 

487  Pressman,  cylinder 

484  Pressman,  foreman,  litho. 

433  Proofreader 

462  Proofer 
460  Router 

475  Router,  engraver 

444  Ruler 

452  Sewer 

467  Stereotyper 

468  Stereotyper,  foreman 
491  Stone  polisher 

463  Stripper 
490  Tracer 

488  Transferrer  and  proofer 

440  Webb  pressman 

441  Webb  pressman,  assistant 

449  Wire  stitcher 


250 


OUR   BOYS 


GROUP  12  —  Transportation 


104  Aeroplane  pilot,  aviator 

795  Balloonist 

251  Boat  builder 

252  Boat  caulker 

600  Boatman 

653  Brakeman 

654  Cableman 

601  Cableman,  submarine 

602  Canalman 
686  Car  inspector 
205  Car  repairer 

615  Carriage  and  hack  driver 

626  Chauffeur 

656  Conductor,  railroad 

657  Conductor,  street 
611  Deckhand 

629  Drayman,  teamster 

658  Engineer,  locomotive 

324  Engineman,  gas  and  locomotive 
323  Engineman,  gas  or  oil 

325  Engineman,  marine  and  boat 
628  Expressman 

659  Fireman,  locomotive 
3291  Fireman,  marine  boiler 

660  Flagman 

631  Foreman,  livery 

679  Foreman,  track,  railroad 

661  Freight  traffic  man 
709  Gauger 

662  Hostler,  car 

663  Hostler,  locomotive 

664  Lineman,  cable  and  feeder 

665  Lineman,  general 

356  Locomotive   pipe  fitter,   stearnfit- 
ter 


826  Marine  engineer 

639  Motor  truck  driver 

640  Motor  truck  master 
636  Motorcyclist 

667  Motorman,  street  and  electric 

607  Pilot,  marine 

608  Purser 

609  Quartermaster,    steersman 
339  Radio  operator 

685  Railroad  inspector 

671  Railroad  switchman. 

687  Railroader 
398  Sailmaker 

268  Ship  carpenter 

616  Ship  checker 
615  Ship  fitter 

617  Ship  layer  out 

610  Ship  rigger 

612  Ship  traffic  man 

689  Signal  maintainer 

672  Signalman 

673  Station    agent,    railroad     (ticket 

agent ) 

674  Telegrapher 

677  Telephone  operator 

676  Terminal  traffic  manager 

410  Tire  repairer 

678  Trackman,  railroad 
684  Train  caller 

688  Train  dispatcher 
683  Trainman 

345  Wrecking  crane  operator 

C82  Yardman,  railroad 

681  Yardmaster 


GROUP  13  —  Food  Production  and  Preparation 


001  Agricultural  worker 

002  Apiarist    (beekeeper) 

540  Baker 

556  Blender 

732  Bottler,  milk 

542  Brewery  worker 

543  Butcher  or  killer 

558  Butter  maker 

541  Canner    (preserver) 
906  Caterer 

559  Cheese  maker 

552  Chocolate  and  cocoa  worker 

557  Coffee  roaster 

545  Cold  storage  foreman 

546  Cold  storage  worker 

547  Confectioner 

548  Cook 

550  Cook,  pastry 

551  Creamery  and  condensery  worker 

549  Curer  and  smoker 
005  Dairy  .farm  foreman 
004  Dairy  farmer 


006  Ditcher 

007  Drainage  expert,  engineer 

009  Farm  foreman  or  manager 

010  Farm  laborer    (home) 

011  Farm  laborer   (working  out) 

008  Farmer 

037  Farmer,  owner 

038  Farmer,  tenant 

039  Fisherman 

012  Florist 

013  Fruit  grower 

015  Garden    foreman 

016  Garden  laborer 

014  Gardener 
731  Grader,  milk 

017  Greenhouse    and    florist    foreman 

and  manager 

018  Greenhouse  and  florist  laborer 

019  Horseman 

660  Ice  cream  maker 

020  Insect  specialist 

544  Meat  cutter  or  dealer 


OUR   BOYS 


251 


553  Miller 

022  Nursery  foreman  or  manager 

023  Nursery  laborer 
021  Nursery  man 

024  Orchard  foreman 

025  Orchard  laborer 
040  Oysterman 

554  Packing-house  worker 

026  Pigeon  fancier 
028  Poultry  raiser 

027  Poultry-yard  laborer 

GROUP  14 

102  Aeroplane  clothmaker 

505  Beamer 

506  Bobbin  boy 

507  Burler,  cloth 

508  Carder 

509  Carrier 

510  Comber 

384  Cordage  worker 

501  Cotton  textile  worker,   N.   0.   S. 

511  Doffer 

513  Drawer 

514  Dresser 

515  Drier 

512  Dyer 

xOl  Factory  worker,  N.   0.   S. 

516  Fulling  mill  operator 

517  Knitter 

518  Lapper 
395  Loom  fixer 


030  Stock  farm  foreman  or  manager 

031  Stock     herder,     drover,     feeder, 

stable  boss 

032  Stock  or  cattle  buyer  and  shipper 
029  Stock  raiser 

033  Thresher,  cornsheller,  wood  saw- 

yer, hay  and  straw  baler,  etc. 

034  Vine  grower 

035  Vineyard  foreman  and  manager 

036  Vineyard  laborer 

-  Textiles 

519  Mixer 

504  Other  worker 

520  Reeler 

521  Rover,  slubber 

502  Silk  textile  worker,  N.  0.  S. 

522  Slasher 

523  Sorter 
£24  Spinner 

525  Spooler 

526  Tacker 

527  Textile  expert 

529  Twister 

530  Warper 

531  Weaver 

532  Winder 

503  Wool  and  worsted  worker,  N.  (). 

S. 

533  Wool  sorter 

534  Wool  washer,  scourer 


GROUP   15  —    Slioes  and  Leather  Industries 


599  Beamster 

561  Beater  out 

591  Binding  machine  operator 

562  Blacker  and  stainer 

563  Bottomer 

564  Bowmaker  and  tier 
428  Catcher 

427  Cement  er 

566  Channeler 

385  Cobbler  (shoe  repairer) 

535  Currier 

567  Cutter 

528  Cutter,  tannery 

423  Dresser,  leather 

565  Edger,  and  edge  setter 
594  Examiner 

568  Folder  and  header 
598  Fur  liner 

536  Glazier  and  roller,  tannery 
593  Glove  buttoner 

589  Glove  cutter 

391  Glove  maker 

392  Harness  maker  and  saddler 

569  Heel  maker 

570  Ironer 

571  Labeler 


572  Lacer 

573  Laster 
596  Launderer 
590  Layer  off 

394  Leather  worker,  N.  O.  S. 

538  Letter  out 

574  Marker 

f>75  Nailer  and  pegger 

592  Oversewer 

576  Packer 

577  Presser,      molder      and      counter 

maker 

595  Riveter 

578  Rounder  and  breaster 

579  Shanker 

414  Shoe  factory  worker 

405  Shoe  machine   cloth  stitcher 
404  Shoe  machine  operator 

406  Shoe  maker 
426  Skiver 

581  Sole  layer 

582  Soler 

583  Sorter  and  matcher 

580  Splitter 
425  Staker 
403  Stitcher 


252 


OUR   BOYS 


597  Table  cutter 

584  Table  hand 

526  Tacker,  tannery 

585  Treer 


586  Trimmer 

587  Turner 

588  Wheeler 


415 
x!6 
416 
417 
766 
x42 
418 
374 
372 
419 
947 
383 
421 
769 
770 


651 
934 
714 
652 
945 
655 
274 
907 
382 
911 
604 
912 
xll 
744 
285 
033 
916 
918 


GROUP  16  —  Miscellaneous  Manufactures 


Back  tender  322 
Basket  maker 

Beaterman  772 

Bleacher  331 

Blue  printer  332 

Box  maker,  paper  393 

Broke  hustler  422 

Broom  maker  713 
Brush  maker 
Calenderer 

Candle  maker  407 

Cigar  maker  and  tobacconist  408 

Cooker  412 

Developer,  motion   picture  397 

Developer,  still  122 

411 


Engineman  and  fireman  (station- 
ary) 

Finisher,   still   photographer 

Fireman  (stationary  boiler) 

Gas  works  operator 

Jeweler  and  precious  metalsmith 

Machine  tender,  sparehand 

Other  tradesman,  miscellaneous 
tradesman  and  worker  in  occu- 
pation not  coded 

Paint  mill  foreman 

Paint  mill  worker 

Paper  maker 

Rubber  worker 

Upholsterer 

Vulcanizer 


G*ROUP  17 — Labor 


Ash-pit  man  402 

Bell  hop  or  bell  boy  745 

Bill  poster  922 
Boiler  washer 

Bundle  boy  919 

Car  icing  man  921 

Carpet  layer  923 

Charman  and  cleaner  x81 

Chemical   worker  080 

Disinfector  757 

Diver  670 

Elevator  tender  928 

Film  coater  637 
Guard,  watchman,  keeper    (door)        932 

Hod  carrier  606 

Hostler,  horses  344 

Janitor  or  sexton  933 
Laborer     (domestic    and    profes- 
sional service) 


Laborer,  helper 
Laborer   (public  service) 
Launderer,      laundress      not 

laundry 

Laundry  foreman 
Laundry  machine  operator 
Laundry  worker,  general 
Orderly,  hospital 
Packer 

Page  or  usher 
Patrolman,  pipe  line 
Porter,  except  in  stores 
Road  worker 
Servant. 
Stevedore 
Tractor  operator 
Waiter 


in 


OUR  BOYS 


253 


POPULATION  AND  ENROLLMENT 

Of  all  Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Boys 
TABLE  No.  1-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


CITIES 

Total 
popu- 
lation 
of 
boys 

Total 
number 
enrolled 

Total 
per  cent 
enrolled 

Popu- 
lation 
of  boys 
not  in 
school 

Em- 
ployed 
boys 
enrolled 

Per  cent 
of  em- 
ployed 
boys 
enrolled 

Popu- 
lation 
of 
school 
boys 

Sohoo! 
boys 
enrolled 

Albany  
Amsterdam  
Auburn  
Binghamton  
Buffalo 

3,028 
900 
973 
1,585 
12,955 

2,237 
612 
566 
1,016 
8,166 

73.8 
68.0 
58.2 
64.1 
63.0 

2,554 
811 
841 
1,375 
11,258 

1,763 
523 
434 
806 
6,469 

69.0 
64.5 
51.6 
58.6 
57.5 

474 
89 
132 
210 
1,697 

474 

89 
132 
210 
1,697 

Elmira  
Jamestown 

1,202 
1,051 

878 
800 

72.0 
76.1 

980 
858 

656 
607 

67.0 
70.8 

222 
193 

222 
193 

700 

603 

86.1 

561 

464 

82.7 

139 

139 

Mt.  Vernon  
Newburgh 

1,160 
811 

950 
656 

81.9 
80.9 

859 
706 

649 
551 

75.6 
78.0 

301 
105 

301 
105 

New  Rochelle  
Niagara  Falls  

920 
1,317 

574 
901 

62.4 
68.4 

762 
1,147 

416 
731 

54.6 
63.7 

158 

170 

158 
170 

Oswego  
Poughkeepsie 

638 
927 

436 
707 

68.3 
76.3 

546 
698 

344 

478 

63.0 
68.5 

92 
229 

92 

229 

Rochester  

7,370 

5  ,  107 

69.3 

6,322 

4,059 

64.2 

1,048 

1,048 

Schenectady  
Syracuse  

2,355 
4,546 

2,044 
2,829 

86.8 
62.2 

1,825 
3,892 

1,514 
2,175 

83.0 
55.9 

530 
654 

530 

654 

Troy  
Utica 

2,068 
2,491 

1,443 
1,801 

69.8 
72.3 

1,668 
2,246 

1,043 
1,556 

62.5 
69.3 

400 
245 

400 
245 

Watertown  
Yonkers 

833 
2,699 

694 
1,810 

83.3 
67.1 

701 
2,271 

562 
1,382 

80.2 
60.8 

132 
428 

132 

428 

New  York  

142,472 

100,252 

70.4 

124,879 

82  ,  659 

66.2 

17  ,  593 

17,593 

TABLE  No.  1-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia  
Beacon  

361 
296 

280 
205 

77.6 
69.3 

272 

272 

191 

181 

70.2 
66.5 

89 
24 

89 
24 

Cur  andaiguu  
Cohoes  
Corning  

Cortland  
Dunkirk  
Fulton  
Geneva  
Glen  Cove 

199 
626 
422 

354 
517 
346 
390 
294 

153 
496 
405 

270 
473 
288 
332 
159 

76.9 
79.2 
96.0 

76.3 
91.5 
83.2 
85.1 
54.1 

143 
562 
333 

245 
427 
274 
265 
254 

97 
432 
316 

161 

383 
216 
207 
119 

67.8 
76.9 
94.9 

65.7 

89.7 
78.8 
78.1 
46.8 

56 
64 
89 

109 
90 
72 
125 
40 

56 

64 
89 

109 
90 
72 
125 
40 

Glens  Falls  
Gloversville 

445 
592 

296 
•      342 

66.5 
57.8 

323 
541 

174 
291 

53.8 
53.8 

122 
51 

122 
51 

Hornell  

402 

305 

75.9 

327 

230 

70.3 

75 

75 

Hudson  

316 

233 

73.7 

250 

167 

66.8 

66 

66 

Ithaca  

494 

434 

87.8 

243 

183 

75.3 

251 

251 

Johnstown  
Lackawanna  

294 

450 

209 
259 

71.1 
57.6 

247 

416 

162 
225 

65.6 
54.1 

47 
34 

47 
34 

Little  Falls  
Lockport  
Mechanicville  

Middletown  
No.  Tonawanda  
Norwich  
Ogdensburg  
Olean  

Oneida  
Oneonta 

350 
566 
217 

490 
396 
221 
430 
553 

279 
307 

221 
382 

*245 

338 
287 
159 
258 
531 

160 
224 

63.1 
67.5 
112.9 

69.0 

72.5 
71.9 
60.0 
96.0 

57.3 
73.0 

298 
436 
188 

421 
347 
168 
328 
431 

244 

251 

169 
252 
*216 

269 
238 
106 
156 
409 

125 

168 

56.7 
57.8 
114.9 

63.9 
68.6 
63.1 
47.6 
94.9 

51.2 
66.9 

52 
130 
29 

69 

49 
53 
102 
122 

35 
56 

52 
130 
29 

69 
49 
53 
102 
122 

35 
56 

Plattsburg  
Port  Jervia  
Rensselaer  

295 
273 
292 

249 
224 
273 

84.4 
82.0 
93.5 

209 
211 
209 

163 
162 
190 

78.0 
76.8 
90.9 

86 
62 

83 

86 
62 
83 

Extra  boys  enrolled  who  lived  outside  of  city. 


254  OUR  BOYS 

POPULATION  AND  ENROLLMENT 

Of  all  Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Boys 
TABLE  No.  1-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded] 


CITIES 

Total 

lat?on 
of 
boys 

Total 
number 
enrolled 

Total 
per  cent 
enrolled 

Popu- 
lation 
of  boys 
not  in 
school 

Em- 
ployed 
boys 
enrolled 

Per  cent 
of  em- 
ployed 
boys 
enrolled 

Popu- 
lation 
of 

school 
boys 

School 
boys 
enrolled 

623 
247 
355 
265 
432 

593 

FABLE 

182 
146 
155 
219 
144 

445 
167 
150 
294 
303 

152 
154 
196 
265 
181 

153 

88 
238 
231 
160 

178 
180 
143 
124 
311 

124 
208 
424 
139 
449 

109 
221 
134 
198 
176 

158 
168 
87 
143 
128 

142 

437 
208 
239 
197 
361 

386 

No.  1-C 

48 
122 
116 
*269 
133 

336 
85 
137 
195 
240 

107 

144 
*243 
*326 
*200 

153 
*100 
209 
178 
147 

135 
116 

*181 
*143 
252 

72 
195 
371 
93 
369 

*131 
138 
83 
122 
101 

108 
114 
*108 
83 
*144 

140 

70.1 
84.2 
67.3 
74.3 
83.6 

65.1 

—  VIL1 

26.4 
83.6 
74.8 
122.8 
91.6 

75.5 
50.9 
91.3 
66.3 
79.2 

70.4 
93.5 
124.0 
123.0 
110.5 

100.0 
113.6 
87.8 
77.1 
91.9 

75.8 
64.4 
126.6 
115.3 
81.0 

58.0 
93.8 
87.5 
66.9 
82.2 

120.2 
62.4 
61.9 
61.6 
57.4 

68.4 
67.8 
124.1 
58.0 
112.5 

98.6 

529 
192 
295 
230 
394 

461 

LAGES 

172 
100 
148 
164 
103 

204 
155 
122 
150 
257 

124 
113 
62 
223 
155 

137 
28 
178 
153 
117 

134 
151 
90 

74 
219 

108 
107 
299 
96 
390 

56 
137 
105 
166 
158 

85 
148 
69 
115 
84 

122 

343 
153 
179 
162 
323 

254 

OVER 

38 
76 
109 
*214 
91 

95 
73 
109 
51 
194 

79 
103 
*109 
*284 
*174 

137 

*40 
149 
100 
104 

91 
87 
*128 
*93 
160 

56 
94 
246 
50 
310 

*78 
54 
54 
90 
83 

35 
94 
*90 
55 
*100 

120 

64.8 
79.7 
60.7 
70.4 
82.0 

65.1 

5,000 

22.1 
76.0 
73.6 
130.5 
88.3 

46.6 
47.1 
89.4 
34.0 
75.5 

63.7 
91.1 
175.8 
127.4 
112.3 

100.0 
142.9 
83.7 
65.4 
89.0 

68.0 
57.6 
142.2 
125.7 
73.1 

51.8 
87.8 
82.3 
52.1 
79.5 

139.2 
39.4 
51.4 
54.2 
52.5 

41.2 
63.5 
130.4 
47.8 
119.0 

98.4 

94 
55 
60 
35 
38 

132 

10 
46 
7 
55 
41 

241 

12 

28 
144 
46 

28 
41 
134 
42 
26 

16 

60 
60 
78 
43 

44 
29 
53 
50 
92 

16 
101 
125 
43 
59 

53 
84 
29 
32 
18 

73 

20 
18 
28 
44 

20 

94 
55 
60 
35 
38 

132 

10 
46 
7 
55 
41 

241 
12 

28 
144 
46 

28 
41 
134 
42 
26 

16 
60 
60 
78 
43 

44 
29 
53 
50 
92 

16 
101 
125 
43 
59 

53 
84 
29 
32 

18 

73 
20 

18 
28 
44 

20 

Salamanca  

Saratoga  Springs        .    . 

Tonawanda  

Watervliet          

White  Plains  

^ 

VILLAGES 
Albion                    

Catskill 

Depew            

Endicott  

Freeport  

Haverstraw  

Herkimer  
Hoosick  Falls  

Hudson  Falls  

Ilion  
Johnson  City  

Maniaroneck  

Massena  

Nyack                  

Peekskill  

Penn  Yan        .  .      ...... 

Port  Chester  

Port  Washington  
Rockville  Center  
Saranac  Lake  
Seneca  Falls  
Solvay 

Tarrytown  
Walden                      .    .  . 

Waterford 

Waverly       

Wellsville                 

Whitehall  

*  Extra  boys  enrolled  who  lived  outside  of  village. 


OUR  BOYS 


255 


Per  Cent  of  Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Boys 

IN  AND  OUT  OF  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.  2-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


CITIES 


Albany 

Amsterdam . 

Auburn 

Binghamton . 
Buffalo. .  . 


Elmira 

Jamestown . 
Kingston .  .  . 
Mt.  Vernon. 
Newburgh.  . 


New  Rochclle. 
Niagara  Falls . 

Oswego 

Poughkeepsie . 
Rochester 


Schenectady , 
Syracuse. .  . 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown . 


Yonkers.  .  , 
New  York, 


OUT  OF  SCHOOL 

IN  SCHOOL 

Total 

Total 

Ages 

Ages 

of  boys 

popu- 

lo-f  ir\r\ 

in  oiicli 
age 

i&vion 

of  boys 

16 

17 

18 

16 

17 

18 

group 

72.4 

87.5 

92.7 

27.6 

12.5 

7.3 

1,009 

3,028 

83.4 

92.7 

94.3 

16.6 

7.3 

5.7 

300 

900 

78.1 

87.0 

94.1 

21.9 

13.0 

5.9 

324 

973 

77.5 

85.0 

97.4 

22.5 

15.0 

2.6 

528 

1,585 

78.6 

87.6 

94.6 

21.4 

12.4 

5.4 

4,318 

12,955 

70.8 

83.0 

90.8 

29.2 

17.0 

9.2 

400 

1,202 

64.9 

88.6 

91.4 

35.1 

11.4 

8.6 

350 

1,051 

70.4 

78.5 

91.4 

29.6 

21.5 

8.6 

233 

700 

61.1 

71.5 

89.4 

38.9 

28.5 

10.6 

386 

1,160 

81.5 

86.7 

93.0 

18.5 

13.3 

7.0 

270 

811 

71.6 

83.3 

93.5 

28.4 

16.7 

6.5 

306 

920 

76.3 

90.2 

94.8 

23.7 

9.8 

5.2 

439 

1,317 

76.4 

84.9 

95.3 

23.6 

15.1 

4.7 

212 

638 

62.8 

76.4 

86.7 

37.2 

23.6 

13.3 

309 

927 

76.7 

88.5 

92.1 

23.3 

11.5 

7.9 

2,456 

7,370 

65.9 

79.6 

87.0 

34.1 

20.4 

13.0 

785 

2*355 

79.6 

85.2 

92.1 

20.4 

14.8 

7.9 

1,515 

4,546 

73.7 

77.4 

90.9 

26.3 

22.6 

9.1 

689 

2,068 

84.7 

89.9 

95.9 

15.3 

10.1 

4.1 

830 

2,491 

73.3 

82.7 

96.4 

26.7 

17.3 

3.6 

277 

833 

72.5 

86.1 

93.8 

27.5 

13.9 

6.2 

899 

2,699 

79.3 

89.0 

94.7 

20.7 

11.0 

5.2 

47,491 

142,472 

TABLE  No.  2-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia 

59  2 

79  2 

87.5 

40  8 

20.8 

12.5 

120 

361 

Beacon  
Canandaigua  
Cohoes  
Corning  

Cortland  .  . 
Dunkirk  
Fulton  
Geneva  
Glen  Cove  

Glens  Falls  
Gloversville  
Hornell  . 

87.8 
40.9 
82.7 
62.9 

66.1 
61.6 
71.4 
57.7 
74.5 

58.8 
85.3 
69  4 

93.7 
81.8 
90.9 
83.6 

63.6 
89.0 
80.0 
73.9 
90.8 

70.3 
.  92.9 
82  1 

95.9 
92.5 
95.7 
90.0 

78.0 
94.8 
86.1 
72.3 
93.9 

88.5 
95.9 
92  6 

12.2 
59.1 
17.3 
37.1 

33.9 
38.4 
28.6 
42.3 
25.5 

41.2 
14.7 
30.6 

6.3 
18.2 
9.1 
16.4 

36.4 
11.0 
20.0 
26.1 
9.2 

29.7 
7.1 
17.9 

4.1 
7.5 
4.3 
10.0 

22.0 
5.2 
13.9 
27.7 
6.1 

11.5 
4.1 
7.4 

98 
66 
208 
140 

118 
172 
115 
130 

98 

148 
197 
134 

296 
199 
626 
422 

354 
517 
346 
390 
294 

445 
592 
402 

Hudson  

64.8 

81.1 

91.5 

35.2 

18.9 

8.5 

105 

316 

Ithaca  

26.1 

39.0 

81.7 

73.9 

61.0 

18.3 

164 

494 

Johnstown  
Lackawanna  
Little  Falls 

66.4 
85.4 
81  9 

85.8 
96.7 
93   ] 

96.9 
95.3 
80.2 

33.6 
14.6 
18.1 

14.2 
3.3 
6.9 

3.1 
4.7 
19.8 

98 
150 
116 

294 
450 
350 

Lockport  
Mechanicville  

Middletown  
No.  Tonawanda.  .  . 
Norwich 

55.9 
73.6 

78.5 
70.4 
63  0 

84.1 
87.5 

84.7 
97.7 
82  0 

90.9 
98.6 

94.5 
94.7 
89.1 

44.1 
26.4 

21.5 
29.6 
37.0 

15.9 

12.5 

15.3 
2.3 
18.0 

9.1 
1.4 

5.5 
5.3 
10.9 

188 
72 

163 
132 
73 

566 
217 

490 
396 
221 

Ogdensburg..  .  . 
Olean      . 

53.8 
59.8 

87.4 
84.3 

87.4 
89.5 

46.2 
40.2 

12.6 
15.7 

12.6 
10.5 

143 
184 

430 
553 

Oneida  

77.4 

90.3 

94.6 

22.6 

9.7 

5.4 

93 

279 

Oneonta  
Plattsburg  
Port  Jervis  
Rensselaer  

70.6 
50.0 
62.6 
53.6 

78.5 
77.5 
84.6 
78.3 

96.1 

84.7 
84.6 
82.5 

29.4 
50.0 
37.4 
46.4 

21.5 
22.5 
15.4 
21.7 

3.9 
15.3 
15.4 
17.5 

102 
98 
91 
97 

307 
295 
273 
292 

256 


OUR  BOYS 


Per  Cent  of  Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Boys 

IN  AND  OUT  OF  SCHOOL 

TABLE  No.  2-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded) 


CITIES 

OUT  OF  SCHOOL 

IN  SCHOOL 

Total 
number 
of  boys 
in  each 
age 
group 

Total 

DOPU- 

latioa 
of  boys 

Ages 

Ages 

16 

17 

18 

16 

17 

18 

Rome  
Salamanca  
Saratoga  Springs... 
Tonawanda  
Watervliet 

76.6 
45.1 
68.7 
80.7 
82.6 

71.1 

85.5 
91.5 
85.6 
87.5 
93.1 

72.1 

92.8 
96.4 
94.9 
92.1 
97.9 

89.9 

23.4 
54.9 
31.3 
19.3 
17.4 

28.9 

14.5 
8.5 
14.4 
12.5 
6.9 

27.9 

7.2 
3.6 
5.1 
7.9 
2.1 

10.1 

207 

82 
118 
88 
144 

197 

623 
247 
355 
265 
432 

593 

White  Plains  

TABLE  No.  2-C  — VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


VILLAGES 
Albion  
Catskill  
Depew  
Endicott  
Fredonia  

Freeport  
Hastings  
Haverstraw 

95.1 
53.0 
96.2 
53.4 
37.5 

.7 
89.3 
68  0 

96.7 
65.3 
90.4 
82.2 
79.1 

72.3 
92.9 
82  0 

91.8 
87.8 
100.0 
89.1 
97.9 

64.2 
96.4 
94  0 

4.9 
47.0 
3.8 
46.6 
62.5 

99.3 
10.7 
32  0 

3.3 
34.7 
9.6 
17.8 
20.9 

27.7 
7.1 
18  0 

8.2 
12.2 

"io.v 

2.1 

35.8 
3.6 
6  0 

61 
49 
52 
73 

48 

148 
56 
50 

182 
146 
155 
219 
144 

445 
167 
150 

Hempstead  

44  9 

88  5 

*118  0 

55  1 

11  5 

78 

294 

Herkimer.  . 

77  3 

86  2 

91  1 

22  7 

13  8 

8  9 

101 

303 

Hoosick  Falls  
Hudson  Falls  .  . 

66.7 
54  9 

88.2 
78  4 

90.2 
86  3 

33.3 
45  1 

11.8 
21  6 

9.8 
13  7 

51 

51 

152 
154 

Huntington  

53.8 

83.1 

*143  0 

46.2 

16  9 

65 

196 

Ilion  

77.3 

85  2 

89  8 

22  7 

14  8 

10  2 

88 

265 

Johnson  City  

83.4 

98.3 

91.7 

16.6 

1.7 

8.3 

60 

181 

Lancaster  

80.4 

98  1 

90  2 

19  6 

1  9 

9  8 

51 

153 

Lawrence 

34  5 

86  2 

*122  6 

65  5 

13  8 

29 

88 

Malone  
Mamaroneck.  . 

58.2 
63  6 

70.9 
59  7 

94.9 
75  3 

41.8 
36  4 

29.1 
40  3 

5.1 
24  7 

79 
77 

238 
231 

Massena  
Medina 

52.8 
50  8 

67.9 
88  1 

98.1 
86  5 

47.2 
49  2 

32.1 
11  9 

1.9 
13  5 

53 

59 

160 
178 

Newark  
No.  Tarry  town  
Nyack  . 

85.0 
43.8 
26  9 

76.7 
62.5 
68  2 

90.0 
83.4 
82  9 

15.0 
56.2 
73  1 

23.3 
37.5 
31  7 

10.0 
16.6 
17  1 

60 

48 
41 

180 
143 
124 

Ossining  
Owego 

46.2 
80  5 

75.0 
87  8 

90.4 
92  7 

53.8 
19  5 

25.0 
12  2 

9.6 
7  3 

104 

41 

311 
124 

Patchogue  
Peekskill  

11.6 
56  7 

57.9 
68  1 

84.1 
86  5 

88.4 
43  3 

42.1 
31.9 

15.9 
13  5 

69 
141 

208 
424 

Penn  Yan  
Port  Chester  

Port  Washington  .  . 
Rockville  Center.  . 
Saranac  Lake  
Seneca  Falls  
Solvay  

Tarrytown  .  . 

39.2 

84.7 

"27'.0 
64.4 
77.3 
78.0 

26  4 

69.6 
84.7 

69.4 
71.6 
86.7 
83.3 
94.9 

60  4 

97.8 
91.3 

88.9 
87.9 
84.4 
90.9 
96.6 

75  5 

60.8 
15.3 

*105.5 
73.0 
35.6 
22.7 
22.0 

73  6 

30.4 
15.3 

30.6 

28.4 
13.3 
16.7 
5.1 

39  6 

2.2 

8.7 

11.1 
12.1 
15.6 
9.1 
3.4 

24  5 

46 
150 

36 
74 
45 
66 
59 

53 

139 
449 

109 
221 
134 
198 
176 

158 

Walden  

80.3 

89  3 

94  7 

19  7 

10.7 

5.3 

56 

168 

Waterf  ord  

69  0 

69  0 

100  0 

31  0 

31  0 

29 

87 

Waverly.  .  . 

58  3 

89  6 

93  7 

41  7 

10  4 

6  3 

48 

143 

Wellsville 

48  8 

58  2 

90  7 

51  2 

41  8 

9  3 

43 

128 

Whitehall  

76.6 

87.2 

93.6 

23.4 

12.8 

6.4 

47 

142 

*  Extra  boys  enrolled  who  lived  outside  of  city. 


OUR  BOYS 


257 


Per  Cent  of  all  Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Boys  Respectively  who  Enrolled 

on  December  3,  1918 
TABLE  No.  2-E  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


CITIES 

16 
years 

17 
years 

18 
years 

Popu- 
lation 
of  boys 

Number 
of  boys 
enrolled 

Total 
per  cent 
enrolled 

Albany  

84  4 

70  4 

66  8 

3  028 

2  237 

73  8 

Amsterdam  
Auburn 

79.0 

67  7 

69.7 
69  4 

55.3 
37  3 

900 
973 

612 
566 

68.0 

co    9 

Binghamton  
Buffalo 

72.0 

77  6 

63.4 
64  6 

38.1 
39  8 

1,585 
12  955 

1,016 
8  166 

64.1 

co    n 

Elmira  

87  5 

79  8 

51  8 

1  202 

878 

73  0 

Jamestown 

99  1 

69  1 

60  0 

1  051 

800 

7fi   1 

Kingston  
Mt.  Vernon  

Newburgh 

*109.0 
*109.3 
83  8 

90.1 

88.6 
81  1 

59.2 
47.6 

77  8 

700 
1,160 
811 

603 
9:0 
636 

86.1 
81.9 

Qf)     Q 

New  Rochelle 

77  5 

64  8 

44  8 

920 

574 

62  4 

Niagara  Falls 

77  7 

68  3 

59  2 

1  317 

901 

fiS  4 

Oswego  

84  0 

69  5 

51  4 

638 

436 

68  3 

Poughkeepsie  .  . 

*100  6 

72  8 

55  3 

927 

707 

76  3 

77  3 

66  1 

53  4 

7  370 

5  107 

CQ   q 

Schenectady 

93  6 

88  2 

78  6 

2  355 

2  044 

Sfi  S 

Syracuse  

73  9 

69  2 

46  3 

4  546 

2  829 

62  2 

Troy. 

84  9 

70  8 

53  5 

2  068 

1  443 

69  8 

Utica  

78.1 

78  3 

60.5 

2,491 

1  801 

72  3 

Watertown  
Yonkers  

92.4 
89  1 

87.8 
70  4 

69.7 
45  1 

833 
2  699 

694 
1  810 

83.3 
67  1 

New  York.., 

92.8 

78.5 

29.7 

142.472 

100.252 

70  4 

TABLE  No.  2-F  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia 

95  9 

80  9 

Beacon  

77.8 

69  7 

Canandaigua.  . 

100  0 

69  7 

Cohoes  

96.1 

80.9 

Corning    

*122  0 

90  1 

Cortland 

78  0 

87  3 

Dunkirk  

*113  3 

91  3 

Fulton  

87  9 

94  8 

Geneva 

95  4 

84  6 

Glen  Cove  

64  3 

46  9 

C'ers  Falls 

80  5 

66  2 

Gloversville  

69  7 

55  8 

Hornell  

94  0 

73  9 

Hudson 

81  1 

69  5 

Ithaca  

*110  3 

*103  0 

Johnstown 

76  5 

66  3 

79  3 

50  7 

Little  Falls  
Lockport                            .... 

64.1 
89  9 

63.2 
55  6 

*119  1 

*120  8 

Middletown          

87  2 

68  7 

96  9 

64  4 

Norwich  

90.5 

75.7 

Ogdensburg                     

85.4 

42  0 

Clean 

*115  1 

90  2 

Oneida   .                

62.4 

61.3 

Oneonta 

78  6 

87  2 

Plattsburg  

97.0 

83.7 

Port  Jervis               

84.6 

74.7 

Rensselaer.  .  . 

*111.2 

89.6 

55.8 
60.2 
60.6 
60.6 
75.7 

63.6 
69.8 
67.0 
75.4 
51.0 

52.7 
47.7 
59.7 
70.5 
50.0 

70.4 
42.7 
62.1 
56.9 
98.6 

50.9 
56.1 
49.3 
52.4 
82.6 

48.4 
53.0 
72.4 

86.8 
79.4 


361 
296 
199 
626 
422 

354 
517 
346 
390 
294 

445 
592 
402 
316 
494 

294 
450 
350 
566 
217 

490 
396 
221 
430 
553 

279 
307 
295 
273 

292 


280 

77.6 

205 

69.3 

153 

76.9 

496 

79.2 

405 

96.0 

270 

76.3 

473 

91.5 

288 

83.2 

332 

85.1 

159 

54.1 

296 

66.5 

342 

57.8 

305 

75.9 

233 

73.7 

434 

87.8 

209 

71.1 

259 

57.6 

221 

63.1 

382 

67.5 

245 

*112.9 

338 

63.0 

287 

72.5 

159 

71.9 

258 

60.0 

531 

96.0 

160 

57.3 

224 

73.0 

249 

84.4 

224 

82.0 

273 

93.5 

*  High  enrollment  caused  by  enrollment  of  boys  who  were  non-residents  of  the  city. 


258 


OUR  BOYS 


P  er  Cent  of  all  Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen   Year   Old  Boys  Respectively  who  Enrolled 

on  December  3,  1918 
TABLE  No.  2-F  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000—  (Concluded') 


CITIES 

16 
years 

17 
years 

18 
years 

Popu- 
lation 
of  boys 

Number 
of  boys 
enrolled 

Total 
per  cent 
enrolled 

Rome  

69  4 

63.0 

56  0 

623 

437 

70  1 

Salamanca.  .    . 

*106  0 

81  7 

64  6 

247 

208 

84  2 

Saratoga  Springs  

77.3 

70.3 

54.2 

355 

239 

67  3 

Tonawanda  
Watervliet 

67.4 
93  7 

87.5 
75  7 

68.2 
81'  2 

265 
432 

197 
361 

74.3 
83  6 

White  Plains  

74.7 

70.2 

50.2 

593 

386 

65.1 

TABLE  No.  2-G  — VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


VILLA  GES 
Albion 

24  6 

18  0 

36  6 

182 

48 

26  4 

Catskill  
Depew 

89.8 
96  1 

89.8 
82  7 

70.8 
45  1 

146 
155 

122 
116 

83.6 
74  8 

Endicott  -  
Fredonia  

fl34.4 
tllO  4 

fl50.7 
fl06  2 

83.5 
58  3 

219 
144 

269 
133 

t!22.8 
91  6 

Freeport  

72  1 

47  6 

53  5 

445 

336 

75  5 

Hastings  
Haverstraw  

46.4 
f!30  0 

58.9 
78  0 

47.3 
66  0 

167 
150 

85 
137 

50.9 
91  3 

Hempstead  

58  7 

55  5 

27  4 

294 

195 

66  3 

Herkimer. 

100  00 

89  1 

72  5 

303 

240 

79  2 

Hoosick  Falls.  . 
Hudson  Falls  

88.2 
t!07  7 

70.6 

76  4 

52.0 
96  1 

152 
154 

107 
144 

70.4 
93  5 

Huntington 

f!86  6 

till  1 

tl06  6 

196 

243 

t!24  0 

Ilion  
Johnson  City  

Lancaster  
Lawrence. 

1-106.7 

tiis.o 

tH3.7 
fl45  4 

t!28.4 
till.  7 

tl01.9 
tl45  4 

t!34.1 
tl01.7 

84.3 
61  9 

265 
181 

153 

88 

326 
200 

153 
100 

t!23.0 
tUO.5 

100.0 
tH3  6 

Malone 

f!23  9 

t!03  0 

85  1 

238 

209 

87*8 

Mamaroneck  
Massena  . 

81.8 
t!09  2 

80.5 
96  2 

68.8 
69  8 

231 
160 

178 
147 

77.1 
91  9 

Medina  
Newark  . 

83.3 

58  1 

69.5 
69  4 

74.6 

59  7 

178 
180 

135 
116 

75.8 
62  4 

No.  Tarry  town.  .  . 

t!39  6 

t!60  4 

78  7 

143 

181 

t!26  6 

Nyack  

tloO  0 

tH9  5 

75  6 

124 

143 

tl!5  3 

Ossining 

9"9  0 

87  5 

56  3 

311 

252 

81  0 

Owego  

73  8 

46  3 

53  6 

•     124 

72 

58  0 

Patchogue 

f!06  5 

95  6 

69  6 

208 

195 

93  8 

Peekskill  

f!04  9 

t!04  9 

52  5 

424 

371 

87  5 

Penn  Yan  
Port  Chester 

100.0 
90  8 

69.6 
98  0 

30.4 

58  8 

139 
449 

93 

369 

66.9 
82  2 

Port  Washington  
Rockville  Center 

•j-175.7 
55  2 

t!08.3 
60  3 

75.0 

41  4 

109 
221 

131 
138 

t!20.2 
62  4 

Saranac  Lake  
Seneca  Falls  
Solvay 

86.6 
65.1 
61  0 

51.1 
68.2 
72  9 

47.7 
51.5 
37  9 

134 
198 
176 

83 
122 
101 

61.9 
61.6 
57  4 

Tarrytown  
Walden  
Waterford  
Waverly  
Wellsville.  .  .    . 

84.9 
82.1 
tl51.7 
85.4 
till  6 

49.0 

57.1 
t!24.1 
52.1 
t!30  2 

71.1 
64.3 
96.5 
36.2 
95  2 

158 
168 
87 
143 
128 

108 
114 
108 
83 
144 

68.4 
67.8 
t!24.1 
58.0 
•(•112  5 

Whitehall  

91.6 

t!21.3 

83.0 

142 

140 

98.6 

*  High  enrollment  caused  by  enrollment  of  boys  who  were  non-residents  of  the  city, 
t  High  enrollment  caused  by  enrollment  of  boys  who  were  non-residents  of  the  village. 


OUR  BOYS 


259 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BIRTH  AND  PARENTAGE 
TABLE  No.  3-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


CITIES 

BIRTH 

AMERICAN  BOYS 

FOREIGN 
BOYS 

Popu- 
lation of 
employed 
boys* 

American 
born 
boys 

Foreign 
born 
boys 

American 
parents 

Mixed  or 
foreign 
parents 

Foreign 
parents 

Albany  
Amsterdam 

92.1 

82.8 
84.2 
91.1 
90.1 

95.6 
83.3 
94.5 
88.1 
87.7 

86.6 
73.4 
92.3 
91.5 
81.6 

85.6 
88.7 
95.3 
81.6 
89.8 

91.7 
80.0 

7.9 
17.2 
15.8 
8.9 
9.9 

4.4 
16.7 
5.5 
11.9 
12.3 

13.4 
26.6 
7.7 
8.5 
18.4 

14.4 
11.3 
4.7 
18.4 
10.2 

8.3 
20.0 

60.8 
28.8 
47.5 
61.5 
36.5 

67.2 
26.9 
69.3 
37.4 
60.0 

29.4 
30.7 
63.2 
63.1 
41.7 

45.8 
47.3 
54.5 
41.6 
57.7 

29.2 
27.0 

31.3 
54.0 
36.7 
29.6 
53.6 

28.4 
56.4 
25.2 
50.8 
27.7 

57.2 
42.7 
29.1 
28.4 
39.9 

39.8 
41.4 
40.8 
40.0 
32.1 

62.5 
53.0 

7.9 
17.2 
15.8 
8.9 
9.9 

4.4 
16.7 
5.5 
11.8 
12.3 

13.4 
26.6 
7.7 
8.5 
18.4 

14.4 
11.3 

4.7 
18.4 
10.2 

8.3 
20  0 

2,542 
810 
829 
1.356 
11,257 

971 

838 
553 
857 
700 

760 
1,147 
546 
698 
6,322 

1,821 
3,874 
1,658 
2,241 
669 

2,241 
*1  24  .  795 

Auburn  

Binghamton  
Buffalo 

Elmira  
Jamestown 

Kingston  
Mt.  Vernon  
Newburgh 

New  Rochelle  
Niagara  Falls 

Oswego  

Poughkeepsie  
Rochester  

Schenectady                     .    .    . 

Syracuse 

Troy  

Utica. 

Watertown  

Yonkers 

New  York  .  . 

TABLE  No.  3-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia  
Beacon  

86.8 
90.8 

13.2 
9.2 

55.7 
57.5 

31.1 
33.3 

13.2 
9  2 

268 
27t 

Canandaigua  
Cohoes  . 

91.3 
91  2 

8.7 
8  8 

76.8 
41  7 

14.5 
49  5 

8.7 
8  8 

119 
561 

Corning  

Cortland  
Dunkirk.  . 

94.3 

98.0 
90  3 

5.7 

2.0 
9  7 

74.6 

80.0 
30  1 

19.7 

18.0 
60  2 

5.7 

2.0 
9  7 

322 

235 

414 

Fulton  
Geneva  

94.8 
89  1 

5.2 
10  9 

79.5 
55  6 

15.3 
33  5 

5.2 
10  9 

262 
252 

Glen  Cove 

85  9 

14  1 

51  4 

34  5 

14  1 

252 

Glens  Falls  
Gloversville.  . 

98.2 
82  1 

1.8 
17  9 

75.8 
58  6 

22.4 
23  5 

1.8 
17  9 

322 
536 

Hornell 

97  2 

2  8 

83  3 

13  9 

2  8 

01Q 

Hudson  
Ithaca  

Johnstown  
Lackawanna  
Little  Falls 

93.0 
93.2 

86.3 

82.1 
89  3 

7.0 

6.8 

13.7 
17.9 
10  7 

53.5 

77.4 

51.0 
31.4 

46  7 

39.5 
15.8 

35.3 

50.7 
42  6 

7.0 

6.8 

13.7 
17.9 
10  7 

247 
243 

242 

412 

OQO 

Lockport  
Mechanicville  

Middletown  
No.  Tonawanda  
Norwich.  . 

94.9 
84.2 

96.9 

86.8 

ai2  o 

5.1 
15.8 

3.1 
13.2 
8  0 

61.5 
49.0 

72.3 
38.2 
73  8 

33.4 
35.2 

24.6 

48.6 
18  2 

5.1 

15.8 

3.1 
13.2 
8  0 

422 
179 

415 
338 

I  CO 

Ogdensburg  
Clean  

91.6 
92.7 

8.4 
7.3 

60.2 
58.5 

31.4 
34  2 

8.4 
7  3 

325 
4OC 

Oneida  . 

93  5 

6  5 

74  6 

18  9 

6  5 

244 

Oneonta  
Plattsburg  
Port  Jervis 

96.8 
98.7 
94  9 

3.2 
1.3 
5  1 

82.8 
86.0 
79  1 

14.0 

12.7 
15  8 

3.2 
1.3 
5  1 

243 
205 

Rensselaer  

98.9 

1.1 

71.2 

27.7 

1.1 

209 

*  Employed  farm  boys  omitted. 


260  OUR  BOYS 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BIKTH  AND  PARENTAGE 
TABLE  No.  3-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Conclude d) 


CITIES 

BIRTH 

AMERICAN  BOYS 

FOKEIGN 

BOYS 

Popu- 
lation of 
employed 
boys* 

American 
born 
boys 

Foreign 
born 
boys 

American 
parents 

Mixed  or 
foreign 
parents 

Foreign 
parents 

Rome  

82.2 
94.4 
94.1 
91.6 
94.0 

90.9 

17.8 
5.6 
5.9 
8.4 
6.0 

9.1 

55.8 
50.7 
64.3 
50.9 
55.7 

51.0 

26.4 
43.7 
29.8 
40.7 
38.3 

39.9 

17.8 
5.6 
5.9 
8.4 
6.0 

9.1 

528 
189 
289 
230 
393 

457 

Salamanca  

Saratoga  Springs  
Tonawanda  
Watervliet. 

White  Plains  

TABLE  No.  3-C  — VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


VILLAGES 

Albion 

83.9 
97.2 
79.2 
86.4 
88.7 

98.9 
91.5 
94.1 
92.5 
78.6 

94.7 
97.8 
95.3 
95.1 
98.2 

96.9 
75.0 
96.1 

88.7 
78.3 

89.3 
82.1 
92.6 
96.4 
91.6 

100.0 
86.8 
96.1 
87.6 
79.0 

85.9 
96.2 
93.8 
80.3 
85.2 

97.2 
93.0 
88.6 
100.0 
97.6 

91.0 

16.1 

2.8 
20.8 
13.6 
11.3 

1.1 
8.5 
5.9 
7.5 
21.4 

5.3 
2.2 

4.7 
4.9 

1.8 

3.1 
25.0 
3.9 
11.3 
21.7 

10.7 
17.9 
7.4 
3.6 
8.4 

t 
13.2 
3.9 
12.4 
21.0 

14.1 
3.8 
6.2 
19.7 
14.8 

2.8 
7.0 
11.4 

32.2 
67.2 
24.5 
68.0 
31.2 

71.7 
37.2 
49.1 
72.5 
55.0 

57.4 
75.0 
49.5 

77.9 
85.7 

55.0 

42.5 
72.1 
40.8 
46.4 

52.4 
53.7 
45.1 
60.4 
60.4 

t 
43.9 
67.5 
58.4 
23.5 

39.4 
67.9 
81.3 
62.0 
45.7 

40.0 
70.6 
50.6 
92.6 
76.7 

74.9 

51.7 
30.0 
54.7 
18.4 
57.5 

27.2 
54.3 
45.0 
20.0 
23.6 

37.3 

22.8 
45.8 
17.2 
12.5 

41.9 
32.5 
24.0 
47.9 
31.9 

36.9 

28.4 
47.5 
36.0 
31.2 

t 
42.9 
28.6 
29.2 
55.5 

46.5 
28.3 
12.5 
18.3 
39.5 

57.2 
22.4 
38.0 
7.4 
20.9 

16.1 

16.1 
2.8 
20.8 
13.6 
11.3 

1.1 
8.5 
5.9 
7.5 
21.4 

5.3 
2.2 
4.7 
4.9 

1.8 

3.1 
25.0 
3.9 
11.3 
21.7 

10.7 
17.9 
7.4 
3.6 

8.4 

t 
13.2 
3.9 
12.4 
21.0 

14.1 
3.8 
6  2 
19.7 
14.8 

2.8 
7.0 
11.4 

165 
9J6 
148 
164 
95 

204 
155 
120 
140 
249 

120 

108 
62 
215 
153 

134 
28 
163 
153 
111 

128 
136 
90 

72 
217 

72 
107 
292 
72 
388 

56 
137 
100 
147 
157 

85 
144 
68 
115 
73 

118 

Catskill  

Depew              .        .  .      .    . 

Endicott 

Fredonia  

Hastings  

Haverstraw 

Hempstead  
Herkimer                               .    . 

Hoosick  Falls    

Hudson  Falls 

Huntington,  

Ilion                

Johnson  City 

Lancaster  

Malone  
Mamaroneck  

Medina     .                            ... 

Newark  

No.  Tarrytown  
Nyack 

Ossining  

Patchogue  
Peekskill  
Pen  n  Yan 

Port  Chester   

Port  Washington  
Hockville  Center  
Saranac  Lake  
Seneca  Falls                        .... 

Sohvay 

Tarrytown  
Walden 

Waterford      

Wellsville                     

2.4 
9.0 

2.4 
9.0 

Whitehall  

^Employed  farm  boys  omitted.        t  Data  incomplete. 


OUR  BOYS 


261 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

GUARDIANSHIP 

Boys   Naming  the  Father,  Mother  and  Others  as  Guardian 
TABLE  No.  4-A  —  CITIES  OVER  25,000 


GiUAHDIAN 

Total 

Popu- 

Number 
of 

Number 
of 

CITIES 

Father 

Mother 

Others 

per 
cent 

employed 
boys 

employed 
boys 
enrolled 

cards 
tabulated 

Albany  
Amsterdam  
Auburn 

70.7 
81.8 
85.0 

14.5 
14.6 
11  8 

14.8 
3.6 
3.2 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

2,542 
810 
829 

1,751 
522 
422 

1,751 
500 

422 

Binghamton  

78.9 

12.6 

8.5 

100.0 

1,356 

787 

750 

Buffalo 

82.4 

13.9 

3.7 

100.0 

11,257 

6,468 

6,468 

Elmira  
Jamestown  
Kingston 

80.3 
80.4 
82.2 

14.2 
10.8 
12  9 

5.5 
8.8 
4.9 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

971 

838 
553 

647 

587 
456 

647 
587 
400 

Mt.  Vernon  
Newburgh  

NewRochelle  
Niagara  Falls  
Oswego 

82.4 
79.4 

83.2 
85.4 
82  4 

14.3 
15.9 

11.8 
11.4 
11  4 

3.3 

4.7 

5.0 
3.2 
6.2 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

857 
700 

769 
1  ,  147 
546 

647 
545 

414 
731 
344 

482 
545 

414 
731 
344 

Poughkeepsie  
Rochester  

Schenectady  
Syracuse  

Troy 

83.7 
82.4 

81.6 

81.8 
74  2 

11.5 
13.4 

13.2 
12.0 
17  9 

4.8 
4.2 

5.2 
6.2 
7.9 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

698 
6,322 

1,821 
3,874 
1,658 

478 
4,059 

1,510 
2,157 
1,033 

400 
955 

1,000 
500 
995 

Utica  
Watertown  

Yonkers  
New  York... 

83.2 
80.6 

83.6 
79.9 

12.4 
12.4 

11.9 
15.1 

4.4 
7.0 

4.5 
5.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

2,241 
669 

2,241 
124,795 

1,551 
530 

1,352 
82,575 

1,551 
500 

581 
18,000 

TABLE  No.  4-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia 

83  4 

9  2 

7  4 

100.0 

268 

187 

187 

Beacon  

78.3 

17.8 

3.9 

100.0 

271 

180 

180 

Canandaigua    

72.7 

21.8 

5.5 

100.0 

119 

73 

73 

Cohoes 

77  2 

16  3 

6  5 

100.0 

561 

431 

400 

Corning  
Cortland. 

83.3 
83  2 

12.0 
11  9 

4.7 
4.9 

100.0 
100.0 

322 
235 

305 
151 

300 
150 

Dunkirk 

82  0 

14  5 

3  5 

100  0 

414 

370 

370 

Fulton  
Geneva  
Glen  Cove 

78.9 
80.5 
86  3 

13.7 
12.8 
6  8 

7.4 
6.7 
6  9 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

262 
252 
252 

204 
194 
117 

204 
180 
117 

Glens  Falls  
Gloversville       .    . 

73.9 
81  4 

20.3 
12  9 

5.8 
5.7 

100.0 
100.0 

322 
536 

173 
286 

173 

286 

Hornell  

75.6 

18.4 

6.0 

100.0 

319 

222 

222 

Hudson  
Ithaca 

79.9 
78  8 

14.0 
14  5 

6.1 
6.7 

100.0 
100.0 

247 
243 

164 
183 

164 
180 

Johnstown  

79.7 

16.6 

3.7 

100.0 

242 

157 

157 

Lackawana  
Little  Falls 

82.3 
78  0 

12.3 
15.6 

5.4 
6.4 

100.0 
100.0 

412 
282 

221 
153 

221 
153 

Lockport  
Mechanicville  

80.3 
82.1 

73  3 

10.9 
13.0 

19  8 

8.8 
4.9 

6.9 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

422 
179 

415 

238 
207, 

263 

238 
207 

263 

No.  Tonawanda  
Norwich 

92.0 
69.3 

5.0 
9.9 

3.0 

20.8 

100.0 
100.0 

338 
153 

229 
91 

229 
91 

81  7 

12  4 

5.9 

100.0 

325 

153 

153 

oiean.     .:::::::::::: 

81.1 

11.5 

7.4 

100.0 

425 

403 

403 

Oneida 

85.6 

8.8 

5.6 

100.0 

244 

125 

125 

Oneonta  

80.0 

15.0 

5.0 

100.0 

243 

160 

160 

Plattsburg  

86.7 

6.3 

7.0 

100.0 

205 

159 

159 

Port  Jervis                    

77.8 

14.2 

8.0 

100.0 

211 

162 

162 

Rensselaer  .  .  . 

78.4 

4.2 

17.4 

100.0 

209 

190 

190 

262 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

GUARDIANSHIP 

Boys  Naming  the  Father,  Mother  and  Others  as  Guardian 
TABLE  No.  4-B  —  CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded) 


( 

GiUARDIA> 

Total 

Popu- 

Number 
of 

Number 

CITIES 

Father 

Mother 

Others 

per 
cent 

employed 
boys 

employed 
boys 
enrolled 

cards 
tabulated 

Rome  

84.5 

10.5 

5.0 

100.0 

528 

342 

342 

Salamanca  
Saratoga  Springs 

76.6 
80  8 

18.0 
16  8 

5.4 
2  4 

100.0 
100  0 

189 
289 

150 
173 

150 
173 

Tonawanda  
Watervliet  

White  Plains  

86.4 
75.6 

81.2 

10.5 
14.8 

11.6 

3.1 

9.6 

7.2 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

230 
393 

457 

162 
322 

250 

162 
322 

250 

TABLE  No.  4-C  — VILLAGES   OVER  5,000 


VILLAGES 
Albion  
Catskill.                            .    . 

83.9 
76  3 

12.9 
13  9 

3.2  •) 
9  8 

100.0 
100  0 

165 
96 

31 
72 

31 

72 

Depew 

87  2 

11  0 

1  8 

100  0 

148 

109 

109 

Endicott  

85.9 

7.9 

6.2 

100.0 

164 

214 

214 

Fredonia  . 

87  9 

12  1 

100  0 

95 

83 

83 

Freeport  

82.0 

12.6 

5.4 

100.0 

204 

95 

95 

Hastings  ....          

79  5 

13  7 

6  8 

100  0 

155 

73 

73 

Haverstraw 

78  0 

9  0 

13  0 

100  0 

120 

107 

100 

Hempstead  

80.5 

9.8 

9.7 

100.0 

140 

41 

41 

Herkimer  

81  8 

11  4 

6  8 

100  0 

249 

186 

186 

Hoosick  Falls  

73.2 

21.3 

5.5 

100.0 

120 

75 

75 

Hudson  Falls   

75.5 

6  0 

18  5 

100  0 

108 

98 

98 

Huntington 

77  1 

12  9 

10  0 

100  0 

62 

109 

109 

Ilion  

82.5 

11.9 

5  6 

100.0 

215 

276 

276 

Johnson  City 

80  8 

13  9 

5  3 

100  0 

153 

172 

172 

Lancaster  
Lawrence  
Malone 

87.4 
92.5 

85  4 

11.2 
7.5 

6  7 

1.4 

79 

100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

134 
28 
163 

134 
40 
134 

134 
40 
134 

Mamaroneck  
Massena    .    ... 

82.0 
85  7 

16.0 
9.3 

2.0 
5  0 

100.0 
100  0 

153 
111 

100 
98 

100 
98 

Medina  
Newark  
No.  Tarrytown  
Nyack  
Ossining  . 

88.2 
81.9 
81.2 
76.9 
84.3 

3.5 
11.1 
14.8 
14.2 
12.0 

8.3 
7.0 
4.0 
8.9 
3.7 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

128 
136 
90 
72 
217 

85 
72 
128 
91 
158 

85 
72 
128 
91 
158 

Owego  
Patchogue.    .  . 

75.0 

77  6 

20.0 
15.9 

5.0 
6.5 

•100.0 
100.0 

72 
107 

20 
94 

20 
94 

Peekskill  

75.7 

18.4 

5.9 

100.0 

292 

239 

239 

Penn  Yan  
Port  Chester  

84.7 
86  8 

11.5 
10.7 

3.8 
2.5 

100.0 
100.0 

72 

388 

26 
308 

26 
308 

Port  Washington  
Rockville  Center  
Saranac  Lake 

88.4 
72.3 
73  4 

9.0 
18.5 
18  4 

2.6 
9.2 

8  2 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

56 
137 
100 

78 
54 
49 

78 
54 
49 

Seneca  Falls  

86.0 

12.6 

1.4 

100.0 

147 

71 

71 

Solvay  
Tarrytown 

95.1 

85  7 

3.7 
14  3 

1.2 

100.0 
100  0 

157 
85 

82 
35 

82 
35 

Walden  

76.8 

18.8 

4.4 

100.0 

144 

90 

90 

Waterf  ord  

86  6 

6  7 

6.7 

100.0 

68 

89 

89 

Waverly 

81  9 

12  7 

5  4 

100  0 

115 

55 

55 

Wellsville  

86.5 

10.2 

3.3 

100.0 

73 

89 

89 

Whitehall                   .  . 

78  4 

11  2 

10  4 

100  0 

118 

116 

116 

OUR  BOYS 


263 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

NUMBER  OF  CHILDREN  IN  FAMILY 

Per  Cent  of  Boys  Coming  from  Families  of  from  1  to  10  Children 
TABLE  No.  5-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


CITIES 

NUMBEK  OF  CHILDREN  IN  FAMILY 

Total 
per 
cent 

Popu- 
lation 
of  em- 
ployed 
boys 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

Albany  .  . 

7.5 
6.4 
6.6 
8.4 
6.3 

7.3 
4.3 
7.4 
7.7 
5.5 

8.0 
4.6 
5.5 
9.7 
7.9 

7.8 
9.4 
7.5 
6.0 
10.6 

6.9 
7.1 

14.9 
12.4 
12.2 
15.2 
11.7 

14.6 
15.1 
12.5 
13.7 
13.2 

13.3 
12.3 
19.1 
14.2 
13.7 

13.9 
15.4 
15.1 
12.2 
14.7 

10.9 
12.3 

17.9 
14.7 
17.8 
16.8 
13.9 

17.9 
14.3 
12.3 
14.7 
17.6 

11.8 
15.5 
14.5 
16.2 
14.9 

17.4 
15.2 
15.6 
15.0 
16.6 

15.0 
16.2 

16.9 
11.6 
18.9 
14.8 
14.3 

15.8 
17.2 
14.3 
16.6 
16.9 

15.7 
13.7 
16.9 
13.5 
14.5 

14.7 
14.2 
15.3 
15.2 
14.5 

16.2 
17.4 

13.9 
17.5 
14.9 
13.3 
14.5 

10.8 
17.4 
16.4 
14.9 
12.5 

14.4 
16.2 
18.9 
12.5 
15.2 

15.5 
15.2 
13.3 
15.5 
12.2 

12.2 
16.2 

11.4 
11.6 
12.1 
10.6 
12.4 

10.4 
12.4 
12.5 
12.9 
13.4 

12.8 
11.3 
9.9 
13.5 
10.6 

12.4 
11.4 
13.6 
12.8 
12.6 

15.1 
12.7 

8.3 
9.8 
6.8 
8.2 
10.3 

7.9 
6.7 
9.8 
6.6 
7.7 

6.7 
12.2 
13.3 
9.0 
9.5 

7.2 
7.6 
8.6 
10.1 
8.2 

12.2 
8.9 

4.6 
8.0 
4.5 
4.9 
7.4 

6.9 
5.9 
7.8 
4.4 
6.7 

7.2 
6.0 
5.2 
3.2 
6.6 

5.6 
6.0 
5.5 
6.4 
4.4 

6.0 
4.9 

2.4 
5.2 
3.5 
4.7 
4.2 

4.8 
4.0 
2.7 
4.6 
3.4 

5.5 
5.0 
5.5 
3.2 
3.6 

2.5 
4.6 
2.0 

4.7 
3.2 

2.1 
2.5 

2.2 
2.8 
2.7 
3.1 
.5.0 

3.6 
2.7 
4.3 
3.9 
3.1 

4.6 
3.2 
1.2 
5.0 
3.5 

3.0 
1.0 
3.5 
2.1 
3.0 

3.4 

1.8 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.  0 
100.0 

2,542 
810 
829 
1,356 
11,257 

971 
838 
553 
857 
700 

760 
1,147 
546 
698 
6,322 

1,821 
3,874 
1.658 
2,241 
669 

2,241 
124,795 

Amsterdam  

Auburn  
Binghamton  
Buffalo  

Elmira 

Jamestown  

Kingston  
Mt  Vernon 

Newburgh  

New  Rochelle  
Niagara  Falls  
Oswego  
Poug-hkeepsie  
Rochester  

Schenectady  
Syracuse  
Troy 

Utica  
Watertown  

Yonkers  

New  York  

TABLE  No.  5-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia  

8.0 

10.3 

13.9 

10.7 

17.2 

8.5 

13.4 

11.7 

2.1 

4.2 

100.0 

268 

Beacon  
Canandaigua  
Cohoes 

3.9 
8.4 
5.0 

10.7 
13.9 
10  4 

20.3 
18.0 
15  2 

13.9 
11.1 

17  2 

8.5 
13.9 
13  1 

17.3 
19.4 
11  7 

11.8 
16  7 

7.8 
9.7 
6.7 

2.6 
5.6 
3.5 

3.2 
6.5 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

271 
119 
561 

Corning  
Cortland 

4.5 
10  0 

12.5 
18.6 

15.3 
16.0 

22.1 
19.3 

17.3 
12.7 

10.2 
8.0 

7.0 
5.2 

5.0 
4.0 

3.2 
4.0 

2.9 
2.2 

100.0 
100.0 

322 
235 

Dunkirk  

2.7 

7.8 

15.2 

15.3 

12.9 

13.3 

11.0 

9.1 

7.0 

5.7 

100.0 

414 

Fulton  
Geneva 

7.0 
10.0 

19.0 
10.0 

17.5 
18.4 

13.4 
11  8 

12.7 
9.5 

9.4 
16.1 

11.0 
8.9 

6.0 
7.8 

2.5 
3.8 

1.5 
3.7 

100-.0 
100.0 

262 
252 

Glen  Cove  
Glens  Falls  . 

2.6 

8.8 

11.1 

13.5 

15.3 
15.3 

17.9 
13.6 

10.3 
17.7 

10.3 

8.2 

8.5 

8.8 

9.4 
9.4 

6.0 
1.2 

8.6 
3.5 

100.0 
100.0 

252 
322 

Gloversville  
Hornell  
Hudson 

6.9 
10.8 
7.9 

19.2 
14.4 
14.6 

13.9 
22.1 
14.6 

15.9 
16.2 
17.8 

13.6 
12.1 
13.4 

10,9 
9.0 
13.4 

6.3 
7.2 
6.7 

4.9 
4.5 
6.7 

2.5 

"  3  '.  i 

5.9 
3.7 
1.8 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

536 
319 

247 

Ithaca  

12.8 

19.6 

16.2 

15.1 

12.8 

8.9 

7.3 

4.5 

2.8 

100.0 

243 

Johnstown  
Lacka  wanna 

12.2 

4.5 

16.7 
8.5 

12.2 
13.3 

16.7 
15.5 

14.8 
10.9 

10.9 
14.5 

5.7 
16.2 

6.4 
8.1 

2.5 
5.4 

1.9 
3.1 

100.0 
100.0 

242 

412 

Little  Falls  
Lockport  
Mechanicville  

Middletown  
No.-Tonawanda.  .  . 
Norwich  
Ogdensburg  
Olean 

9.1 
8.4 
5.0 

9.1 
5.2 
6.6 
3.3 
5.8 

11.9 
13.4 
9.7 

16.8 
14.8 
16.4 
10.4 
9.0 

18.4 
16.9 
16.9 

14.9 
13.1 
15.4 
16.4 
17.8 

13.9 
12.2 
14.6 

18.4 
14.8 
24.2 
3.9 
13.1 

10.6 
14.7 
13.2 

12.3 
11.8 
14.3 
9.1 
12.7 

13.9 
11.3 
14.2 

8.7 
11.8 
8.8 
16.4 
12.0 

13.0 
10.5 

8.2 

8.0 
11.4 
6.6 

7.8 
10.5 

4.6 
4.6 
4.3 

5.7 
6.6 
5.5 
17.0 
6.3 

2.6 
3.4 

7.7 

2.3 
6.1 
1.1 
2.0 
4.5 

2.0 
4.6 
6.2 

3.8 
4.4 
1.1 
13.7 
8.3 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

Oneida  
Oneonta  
Plattsburg  
Port  Jervis  
Rensselaer  

8.8 
5.1 
2.5 
8.0 
5.7 

16.8 
16.0 
11.9 
11.3 
15.8 

19.2 
23.1 
14.4 
19.8 
15.8 

11.2 
19.9 
15.2 
13.2 
14.9 

19.2 
14.1 
14.4 
16.9 
16.3 

6.4 
9.0 
17.0 
11.7 
8.9 

7.2 
5.1 
5.7 
7.4 
12.1 

4.0 
3.2 
8.2 
4.9 

5.8 

2.4 
4.5 
3.8 
1.2 
2.1 

4.8 

"e'.9 

5.6 
2.6 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 

264 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

NUMBER  OF  CHILDREN  IN  FAMILY 

Per  Cent  of  Boys  Coming  from  Families  of  from  1  to  10  Children 
TABLE  No.  5-B  —  CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded) 


Nui 

1BER  C 

F  Gnu 

^DHEN 

IN  FA: 

VIILY 

Popu- 

Total 

latio  i 

CITIES 

of  em- 

per 
cent 

ployed 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

boys 

Rome 

7.0 

12.4 

16  1 

17  3 

12.7 

10.9 

9  4 

7  9 

2  7 

3  6 

100  0 

528 

Salamanca  

2.0 

12.0 

16.7 

16.7 

11.3 

13.3 

s'.o 

9.  '3 

4^0 

6'.7 

100  !o 

189 

Saratoga  Springs  .  . 
Tonawanda  

7.9 
6.2 

13.9 
11.1 

16.8 
11.7 

13.9 
13.0 

8.9 
15.4 

12.7 
10.5 

6.9 
11.1 

9.2 
6.2 

2.3 
6.2 

7.5 
8.6 

100.0 
100.0 

289 
230 

Watervliet  

7.4 

14.9 

15.5 

18.9 

13.5 

11.1 

8.0 

4.9 

3.4 

2.4 

100.0 

393 

White  Plains  

10.4 

15.2 

14.8 

16.0 

14.0 

8.0 

8.4 

7.6 

2.0 

3.6 

100.0 

457 

TABLE  No.  5-C  — VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


VILLAGES 

Albion  
Catskill  .  .  . 

9.7 
6  9 

6.5 
14  9 

3.2 

19  4 

16.1 
16  7 

19.3 
12  8 

6.5 
11   1 

16.1 
5  6 

6.5 
2  8 

12.9 
4  2 

3.2 
5  6 

100.0 
100  0 

165 
96 

Depew 

2  8 

8  3 

7  3 

15  6 

18  3 

12  8 

20  2 

9  2 

1  8 

3  7 

100  0 

148 

Endicott  

6.5 

11.8 

13  2 

14  0 

16  5 

16  5 

8  9 

4  2 

2  3 

6  1 

100  0 

164 

Fredonia  .  . 

3  7 

7  2 

16  9 

9  6 

20  5 

12  1 

10  8 

8  4 

8  4 

2  4 

100  0 

95 

Freenort  

11.6 

20.0 

16  8 

16  8 

6  3 

11  6 

4  2 

4  2 

6  3 

2  2 

100  0 

204 

Hastings  . 

8  2 

11  0 

12  3 

24  6 

13  7 

9  6 

12  3 

5  5 

1  4 

1  4 

100  0 

155 

Haverstraw  

4.0 

11.0 

8.0 

11.0 

13  0 

22  0 

11.0 

7.0 

5  0 

8  0 

100  0 

120 

Hempstead  .  . 

4  9 

19.5 

21  9 

7.3 

19  5 

9  8 

7  3 

4  9 

4  9 

100  0 

140 

Herk.im.er  
Hoosick  Falls. 

5.6 
12  0 

18.4 
9.5 

16.2 
21.3 

15.7 
24.0 

14.5 
8  0 

11.7 
5  3 

3.9 
9  3 

7.3 
5  3 

3.9 
5  3 

2.8 

100.0 
100  0 

249 
120 

Hudson  Falls  

5.1 

13.3 

16.4 

15.3 

9.2 

17  4 

7.2 

6.0 

4.1 

6.0 

iQO.O 

108 

Huntington  
llion  

9.5 
12  2 

8.6 
18.2 

12.9 
16  4 

17.5 
14  4 

12.9 
15  8 

11.2 

8  3 

15.6 
6  1 

6.4 
4  0 

3.G 
3  2 

1.8 
1-4 

100.0 
100  0 

62 

215 

Johnson  City  

Lancaster  
Lawrence  
Malone  

8.7 

5.2 
10.0 
5.7 

19.4 

9.0 
10.0 
30.5 

18.6 

18.6 
12.5 
9.6 

16.8 

15.6 
15.0 
12  6 

9.9 

10.4 

22.5 
18  6 

11.4 

12.7 
10.0 

8  9 

7.0 

4.5 
7.5 

4  4 

2.9 

6.0 
7.5 
12  6 

4.1 

6.0 
2.5 

8  9 

1.2 

12.0 
2.5 
8.2 

100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

153 

134 
28 
163 

Marraroneck  
Alafsena 

5.0 
3  2 

12.0 
8  2 

19.0 
13  3 

14.0 
19  3 

12.0 
12  2 

14.0 
19  3 

8.0 
9  2 

8.0 
8  2 

3.0 
2  0 

5.0 
5  1 

100.0 
100  0 

153 
111 

Medina  .  .  . 

3  4 

12  8 

21  2 

10  6 

12  0 

12  9 

4  7 

5  9 

7  1 

9  4 

100  0 

128 

Newark  

9.9 

13.9 

16.9 

13.9 

11  .9 

15.4 

6.9 

5.6 

1  .4 

4.2 

100.0 

136 

No.  Tarrytown  
Nyack.. 

7.8 
11  5 

10.9 
9  6 

21.4 
25  6 

18.8 
32  1 

10.9 
8  2 

10.1 
12  4 

7.0 
4  4 

6.2 

1  8 

4.7 
3  5 

2.2 

9 

100.0 
100  0 

90 
72 

Ossining 

8  9 

12  0 

14  0 

24  0 

12  0 

11  4 

4  5 

7  6 

2  5 

3  1 

100  0 

217 

Patchogue  .  .  . 
Peekskill  
Penn  Yan  
Port  Chester  

Port  Washington  .  . 
Rockville  Center  .  . 
Saranac  Lake  
Seneca  Falls  
Solvay  

Tarrytown  
Walden  

5.0 
4.4 
6.7 
3.8 
6.8 

6.4 
16.7 
4.1 
4.2 
5.2 

2.9 
6  9 

25.0 
14.9 
15.5 
19.3 
8.8 

6.4 
12.9 
9.2 
14.1 
i4.3 

20.0 
10  0 

5.0 
12.6 
9.6 
3.8 
14.3 

18.0 
20.2 
18.4 
12.7 
15.6 

8.6 
15  3 

15.0 
13.8 
18.0 
11.5 
17.6 

14.1 
22.2 
24.4 
14.1 
15.6 

8.6 
20  0 

15.0 
18.1 
12.9 
15.5 
12.3 

14.1 

7.4 
18.4 
9.9 
9.0 

22.9 
12  2 

5.0 
10.6 
14.2 
23.2 
16.6 

9.0 
11.1 
9.2 
12.7 
15.6 

5.7 
12  2 

20.0 
12.8 
8.8 
3.8 

11.4 

14.1 
1.9 
6.1 
11.3 
7.8 

25  7 
11  1 

"2.1 
6.3 
3.8 

4.9 

10.3 
1.9 
4.1 
8.4 
7.8 

67 

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3.8 
3.8 

4.2 

3.8 
1.9 
4.1 
2.8 
5.2 

2.8 
4  5 

10.0 
4.3 
4.2 
11.5 
3.1 

3.8 
3.8 
2.0 
9.8 
3.9 

2.8 
1  i 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100  0 

72 
107 
292 
72 
388 

56 
137 
100 
147 
157 

85 
144 

Waterford  
Waverly  
WeUsville  

Whitehall  

4.5 
18.2 
5.6 

3.5 

9.0 
23.6 
14.6 

18.1 

14.6 
14.6 
24.7 

13.8 

13.5 
14.6 
16.9 

18.9 

10.1 
9.1 
12.4 

10.4 

22.5 
9.1 
10.1 

13.8 

6  7 
1  8 
6  8 

3.4 

7.9 
1.8 
1.1 

6.0 

2.2 
3.6 
5.6 

7.8 

9.0 
3.6 
2.2 

4.3 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

68 
115 
73 

118 

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269 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PEHSISTENCE  IN  SCHOOL 

TABLE  No.  6-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


Left 

Re- 

Popu- 

Number 

T  oft 

on 

mained 

Total 

lation 

of 

Number 

CITIES 

ijeit/ 
illegally 

reaching 
legal 
age 

beyond 
legal 
age 

per 
cent 

of 
employed 
boys 

employed 
boys 
enrolled 

of  cards 
tabulated 

Albany 

5.3 

25.2 

69.5 

100.0 

2,542 

1,751 

1,751 

Amsterdam  

2.8 

45.1 

52.1 

100.0 

810 

522 

500 

Auburn  

4.5 

26.2 

69.3 

100.0 

829 

422 

422 

Binghamton  
Buffalo  

5.1 

4.7 

23.8 
33.2 

71.1 
62.1 

100.0 
100.0 

1,356 
11,257 

787 
6,468 

750 
6,468 

Elraira  

4.4 

14.4 

81.2 

100.0 

971 

647 

647 

Jamestown 

4.8 

33  1 

62.1 

100  0 

838 

587 

587 

Kingston 

4.7 

30.0 

65  3 

100.0 

553 

456 

400 

Mt.  Vernon  

2.2 

19.2 

78^6 

100.0 

857 

647 

482 

Newburgh 

5.3 

23.2 

71.5 

100.0 

700 

545 

545 

New  Rochelle  

5.1 

14.0 

80.9 

100.0 

760 

414 

414 

Niagara  Falls 

4.8 

24.0 

71.2 

100.0 

1,147 

731 

731 

Oswego  

4.1 

27.0 

68.9 

100.0 

546 

344 

344 

Poughkeepsie  . 

6.5 

26  9 

66.6 

100.0 

698 

478 

400 

Rochester  

5.9 

29.6 

64.5 

100.0 

6,322 

4,059 

955 

Schenectady 

3.1 

22.9 

74.0 

100.0 

1  821 

1,510 

1,000 

Syracuse  
Troy    .  . 

5.0 
3  5 

30.0 
24  1 

65.0 

72  4 

100.0 
100.0 

3,874 
1,658 

2,157 
1,033 

500 
995 

Utica  

3.5 

33.4 

63.1 

100.0 

2,241 

1,551 

1,551 

Watertown  

3.3 

22.1 

74.6 

100.0 

669 

530 

500 

Yonkers  

6.8 

19.8 

73.4 

100.0 

2,241 

1,352 

581 

New  York  .  .  . 

7.0 

28.6 

64.4 

100.0 

124.795 

82.575 

18.000 

TABLED  No.  6-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia 

7  0 

16  2 

76  8 

100  0 

268 

187 

187 

Beacon  

7.2 

30  0 

62  8 

100.0 

271 

180 

180 

Canandaigua  
Cohoes 

4.1 
8  0 

13.9 
39  8 

82.0 
52  2 

100.0 
100  0 

119 
561 

73 
431 

70 
400 

Corning  
Cortfand 

4.7 
3  3 

20.8 

18  7 

74.5 
78  0 

100.0 
100  0 

322 
235 

305 
151 

303 
150 

Dunkirk  

1  6 

24  9 

73  5 

100.0 

414 

370 

370 

Fulton  

5  4 

31  6 

63  0 

100  0 

262 

204 

204 

Geneva 

6  2 

18  8 

75  0 

100  0 

252 

194 

180 

Glen  Cove  

3.4 

17  2 

79  4 

100.0 

252 

117 

117 

Glens  Falls  
Gloversville 

5.8 
2  8 

18.7 
30  4 

75.5 

66  8 

100.0 
100  0 

322 

536 

173 

286 

173 

286 

Hornell  

3  1 

24  0 

72  9 

100.0 

319 

222 

222 

Hudson  

3  0 

25  6 

71  4 

100  0 

247 

164 

164 

Ithaca  

3.8 

14.2 

82.0 

100.0 

243 

183 

180 

Johnstown  

7  7 

30  8 

61  5 

100  0 

242 

157 

157 

Lacka  wanna 

4  1 

24  9 

71  0 

100  0 

412 

221 

221 

Little  Falls  

1.3 

21  6 

77.1 

100.0 

282 

153 

153 

Lockport     .          

4  6 

26  4 

69  0 

100  0 

422 

238 

238 

Mechanicville  

5.8 

28.0 

66.2 

100.0 

179 

207 

207 

Middletown  
No  Tonawanda 

7.2 
2  3 

15.4 

27  7 

77.4 
70  0 

100.0 
100  0 

415 
338 

263 

229 

263 
229 

Norwich  

5.7 

16.2 

78.1 

100.0 

153 

91 

91 

Ogdensburg  
Otean 

3.8 
6  3 

26.2 
17  0 

70.0 

76  7 

100.0 
100  0 

325 
425 

153 
403 

153 
403 

Oneida  
Oneonta  
Plattsburg  
Port  Jervis  
Rensselaer  .  .  . 

3.2 
3.7 
2.5 
6.3 
6.3 

24.4 
21.8 
18.4 
24.5 
22.7 

72.4 
74.5 
79.1 
69.2 
71.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 

125 
160 
159 
162 
190 

125 

160 
159 
162 
190 

270 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PERSISTENCE  IN  SCHOOL 

TABLE  No.  6-B  —  CITIES  UNDER  25,030  —  (Concluded) 


Left 

Re- 

Popu- 

Number 

CITIES 

Left 
illegally 

on 
reaching 
legal 

mained 
beyond 
legal 

Total 
per 
cent 

lation 
of 
employed 

of 
employed 
boys 

Number 
of  cards 
tabulated 

age 

age 

boys 

enrolled 

Rome  

5.4 

23.6 

71.0 

100.0 

528 

342 

342 

Salamanca  

9.2 

20.6 

70.2 

100.0 

189 

150 

150 

Saratoga  Springs  

2.9 

23.6 

73.5 

100.0 

289 

173 

173 

Tonawanda  

5.0 

43.2 

51.8 

100.0 

230 

162 

162 

Watervliet  

5.0 

23.9 

71.1 

100.0 

393 

322 

322 

White  Plains  

3.2 

20.8 

76.0 

100.0 

457 

250 

250 

TABLE   No.  6-C  —  VILLAGES   OVER  5,000 


VILLAGES 

9.7 

16.1 

74.2 

100  0 

165 

31 

01 

Catskill 

4.5 

20.9 

74  6 

100  0 

96 

72 

79 

Depew  
Endicott  
Fredonia  

4.6 
5.6 

4.9 

31.2 
26.3 
17.1 

64.2 
68.1 
78.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

148 
164 
95 

109 
214 
83 

109 
214 

83 

Freeport  

2.1 
6.9 

20.4 
15.4 

77.5 

77  7 

100.0 
100  0 

204 
155 

95 
73 

95 
70 

Haverstraw  
Hempstead  
Herkimer  

9.3 
2.5 
5.1 

35.1 
20.5 
21.2 

55.6 
77.0 
73.7 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

120 
140 
249 

107 
41 

186 

100 
41 
186 

Hoosick  Falls  
Hudson  Falls 

12.2 
3.1 

20.2 

18  7 

67.6 

78  2 

100.0 
100  0 

120 
108 

75 
98 

75 

GO 

Huntington  

4.7 

22.6 

72.7 

100.0 

62 

109 

109 

1.4 

23.7 

74.9 

100  0 

215 

276 

276 

Johnson  City  

5.2 

20.4 

74.4 

100.0 

153 

172 

172 

Lancaster         

3.7 

38.3 

58.0 

100.0 

134 

134 

134 

2.5 

17.5 

80  0 

100  0 

28 

40 

4O 

5.2 

27  8 

67  0 

100  0 

163 

134 

Mamaroneck    .    .'  

6.0 

23.0 

71.0 

100.0 

153 

100 

100 

Massena  

10.3 

33.0 

56.7 

100.0 

111 

98 

98 

Medina  

1.2 
8.3 

37.7 
12.5 

61.1 
79  2 

100.0 
100  0 

128 
136 

85 

72 

85 
72 

No.  Tarrytown  
Nyack               '..... 

3.2 
6.6 

11.8 
17.6 

85.0 

75.8 

100.0 
100.0 

90 
72 

128 
91 

128 
91 

4.0 

15.3 

80  7 

100  0 

217 

158 

158 

Owego*  
Patchogue  
Peekskill  

10.0 
5.5 
3.8 

35.0 
38.5 
21.1 

55.0 
56.0 
75.1 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

72 
107 
292 

20 
95 
239 

20 
94 
239 

PennYan*  
Port  Chester 

15.4 
3.2 

23.1 

28.7 

61.5 
68  1 

100.0 
100  0 

72 

388 

26 
308 

26 
308 

Port  Washington  

3.8 

23.1 

73.1 

100.0 

56 

78 

78 

Rockville  Center  
Saranac  Lake  

"2'.i 

13.4 
23.4 

86.6 
74.5 

100.0 
100.0 

137 
100 

54 

49 

54 
49 

Seneca  Falls  

8.7 
6.1 

15.9 
17.3 

75.4 
76  6 

100.0 
100  0 

147 
157 

71 

82 

71 

82 

Tarrytown  

2.7 

8.6 

88.7 

100.0 

85 

35 

35 

Walden  
Waterford 

2.2 
10  2 

21.4 
27  0 

76.4 
62  8 

100.0 
100  0 

144 
68 

90 
89 

90 
89 

3  6 

16  4 

80  0 

100  0 

115 

55 

55 

Wellsville  
Whitehall 

3.3 

1  7 

19.1 
30  2 

77.6 
68  1 

100.0 
100  0 

73 
118 

89 
116 

89 
116 

*  Data  incomplete. 

OUR  BOYS 


271 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGE  LEAVING  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.  7-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


PTTTTiX 

Ac 

JES 

Total 

Popu- 
lation 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

per 
cent 

ployed 
boys 

Albany  
Amsterdam  

3.2 
1.8 

21.9 
44.3 

34.7 
33.1 

31.1 
18.4 

7.5 
1.2 

1.6 
1.2 

100.0 
100.0 

2,542 
810 

Auburn  
Binorhamton  
Buffalo  

Elmira  
Jamestown  
Kingston 

1.8 
2.9 
2.6 

3.5 
2.6 
2  9 

23.8 
20.9 
30.8 

13.4 

30.9 
26  4 

38.8 
39.9 
37.6 

36.7 
35.5 
36  4 

27.9 
29.6 
22.9 

34.0 
24.5 

28  7 

6.8 
6.0 
5.2 

10.6 
5.5 
4  8 

.9 
.7 
.9 

1.8 
1.0 

8 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

829 
1,356 
11,257 

971 
838 
553 

Mt.  Vernon  
Newburgh  .... 

1.2 
3  0 

17.6 
19  1 

37.2 
33  2 

35.5 
35  4 

7.5 
7  1 

1.0 
2  2 

100.0 
100  0 

857 
700 

NewRochelle  
Niagara  Falls 

1.9 
2  5 

16.2 
20  3 

39.7 
34  4 

32.1 

35  1 

8.7 
6  5 

1.4 
1  2 

100.0 
100  0 

760 
1  147 

Oswego  
Poughkeepsie  
Rochester  

1.2 
3.9 
3  9 

27.1 
23.5 
29  3 

37.3 
34.4 
34.1 

27.9 
30.5 
26.2 

5.0 
6.5 
5  3 

1.5 
1.2 
1.2 

100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

546 
698 
6,322 

Schenectady 

1  7 

19  3 

36  4 

32  9 

7  6 

2   1 

100  0 

1,821 

Syracuse  
Troy  . 

3.6 
1  6 

27.6 
19  0 

32.9 
40  7 

27.5 
32  1 

7.0 
5  1 

1.4 
1  5 

100.0 
100  0 

3,874 
1,658 

Utica  

2  7 

28.8 

35.4 

25  9 

6.2 

1.0 

100.0 

2,241 

Watertown  

2  6 

14  4 

35  2 

39  2 

5  6 

3  0 

100  0 

669 

Yonkers  

3.3 

16.8 

42.2 

31.3 

6  1 

3 

100  0 

2,241 

New  York... 

3.8 

27.0 

39.3 

25.3 

4.2 

.4 

100.0 

124,795 

TABLE  No.  7-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia  

2.6 

12  7 

37  3 

40.0 

6  9 

5 

100.0 

Beacon 

3  3 

25  1 

40  5 

27  8 

3  3 

100  0 

Canandaigua  

1.4 

12.5 

38  8 

37  5 

9.8 

•100.0 

Cohoes. 

3  8 

34  0 

37  8 

18  5 

5  6 

3 

100  0 

3  3 

16  9 

36  2 

35  3 

7  0 

1  3 

100  0 

Cortland  
Dunkirk 

2.7 
8 

14.0 
19  1 

32.0 
35  9 

38.0 
32  9 

11.3 
7  9 

2.0 
3  4 

100.0 
100  0 

Fulton  
Geneva  
Glen  Cove  

2.0 
3.7 
.9 

29.4 
16.7 
15.3 

35  '.3 
34.5 
39  3 

25.0 
32.5 
40.2 

5.4 
10.5 
3.4 

2.9 
2.1 
.9 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

Glens  Falls    

3  2 

15  5 

28  8 

34  4 

16  4 

1  7 

100  0 

6 

27  6 

29  0 

35  6 

6  2 

1  0 

100  0 

Hornell  

1.4 

22  0 

31   1 

31  5 

11  7 

2.3 

100.0 

Hudson  . 

2  4 

16  5 

30  5 

39  0 

9  2 

2  4 

100  0 

Ithaca 

3  4 

9  5 

33  9 

42  6 

7  3 

3  3 

100  0 

Johnstown  . 

2  0 

26  9 

33  9 

26  9 

9.6 

.7 

100  0 

Lackawanna  
Little  Falls  
Lockport 

.8 
.7 
3  0 

16.7 
29.0 
25  3 

40.5 
41.6 
35  5 

34.8 
20.9 
27  3 

6.8 
6.5 
6  4 

.4 
1.3 
2  5 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

M  echanicville  
Middletown 

2.5 
5  7 

13.9 
14  8 

38.6 
37  6 

35.6 
33  2 

7.4 
6  8 

2.0 
1   9 

100.0 
100  0 

No.  Tonawanda  
Norwich 

.9 
5.7 

16.2 
10  3 

36.5 
34  5 

41.9 
39  1 

4.0 
9.2 

.5 
1.2 

100.0 
100.0 

Ogdensburg. 

2  0 

10  4 

22  9 

54  9 

6  5 

3  3 

100  0 

Olean 

3  7 

14  2 

40  7 

36  4 

5  0 

100  0 

Oneida 

2  4 

23  2 

40  0 

27  2 

5  6 

1  6 

100  0 

Oneonta  

1.2 

14.8 

35.8 

35.1 

10.6 

2.5 

100.0 

i'lattsburg  
Port  Jervis 

is 

13.9 
16  9 

29.1 

28  8 

45.0 
41  3 

10.7 
8  7 

1.3 
2  5 

100.0 
100  0 

Rensselaer.  .  . 

3.2 

20.1 

31.2 

31.8 

11.6 

2.1 

100.0 

268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 
252 

322 
536 
319 
247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 


272 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  B-)i;s 

AGE  LEAVING  SCHOOL 

TABLE  No.  7-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded] 


PITTF^ 

Ac 

ES 

Total 

Popu- 
lation 

—14. 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

cent 

ployed 
boys 

Rome  

4.2 

20.1 

38.8 

32.9 

3.5 

.5 

100.0 

528 

Salamanca.  . 

3  5 

17  7 

40.4 

28.4 

5.0 

5.0 

100  0 

189 

Saratoga  Springs 

1  2 

17  9 

42  2 

30  6 

8  1 

100  0 

289 

Tona"vanda  
Waterv  liet 

3.7 
3  3 

41.6 
19.8 

28.6 
37.9 

18.7 
30  7 

4  9 
6.8 

2.5 
1  5 

100.0 
100  0 

230 
393 

White  Plains... 

2.8 

12.8 

33.6 

38.8 

9.6 

2.4 

100.0 

457 

TABLE  No.  7-C  — VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


1.5 

16.4 

31.3 

35.8 

8.9 

6.1 

100.0 

96 

2.7 

22.0 

44.1 

25.7 

5.5 

100.0 

148 

2.4 

14.5 

33.3 

46.5 

3.3 

100.0 

164 

1.2 

13.4 

31.7 

39.0 

12.2 

'  '2.5 

100.0 

95 

1.0 

12.9 

37.7 

38.8 

7.5 

2.1 

100.0 

204 

4.2 

11.1 

37  6 

38  9 

8  2 

100  0 

155 

2.0 

28.5 

37.1 

25.7 

6.7 

100.0 

120 

14.6 

53  7 

19.5 

12.2 

100  0 

140 

4.3 

15.0 

36.3 

37.4 

5.4 

1.6 

100.0 

249 

6.8 

17.6 

45.9 

24.3 

4.1 

1.3 

100.0 

120 

2.0 

16.6 

31.9 

38.2 

8.2 

3.1 

100.0 

108 

3.1 

20.5 

36.1 

27.8 

10.4 

2.1 

100.0 

62 

.7 

21.8 

23.9 

38.7 

10.9 

4.0 

100.0 

215 

4.1 

16.3 

29.1 

41.2 

8.1 

1.2 

100.0 

153 

2.2 

36.9 

38.4 

15.7 

6.1 

.7 

100.0 

134 

5.0 

25.0 

60.0 

7.5 

2.5 

100.  0 

28 

'"2.2 

23.4 

30.7 

32.6 

8.2 

2.9 

100.0 

163 

13.0 

37.0 

40.0 

8.0 

2.0 

100.0 

153 

5.0 

21.4 

30.6 

37.9 

3.1 

"2  '.6 

100.0 

111 

30  6 

36.5 

28.2 

3  5 

1.2 

100.0 

128 

1.4 

12.5 

30.5 

45.9 

6.9 

2.8 

100.0 

136 

1.6 

7.3 

40.4 

41.2 

7.9 

1.6 

100.0 

90 

2.7 

11.7 

43.7 

33.9 

6.2 

1.8 

100.0 

72 

2.8 

14.4 

34.3 

31.2 

13.1 

4.2 

100.0 

217 

10.0 

15.0 

25.0 

35.0 

15.0 

100.0 

72 

37.2 

39.3 

20.1 

2.2 

1.2 

100.0 

107 

1.7 

13.9 

37.9 

36.4 

8.8 

1.3 

100.0 

292 

11.5 

7.7 

34.6 

46.2 

100.0 

72 

1.6 

22.4 

40.9 

28.6 

6.2 

.3 

100.0 

388 

11.5 

26.9 

50.0 

9.0 

2.6 

100.0 

56 

12.9 

25.9 

44.5 

14.8 

1.9 

100.0 

137 

"Y.i 

8.5 

31.9 

44.8 

10.6 

2.1 

100.0 

100 

2.8 

14.1 

38.0 

36.7 

4.2 

4.2 

100.0 

147 

4.8 

15.9 

44.9 

25.9 

7.3 

1.2 

100.0 

157 

2.7 

2.7 

20.0 

57.4 

17.2 

100.0 

85 

1.1 

17.4 

37.3 

44.2 

100.0 

144 

7.8 

27.0 

34.8 

22.5 

7.9 

loa  o 

68 

3.6 

9.1 

32.8 

49.1 

5.4 

100.0 

115 

2.2 

14.6 

24.7 

47.2 

8.0 

'"3.3 

100.0 

73 

1.8 

13.8 

28.5 

40.5 

12.0 

3.4 

100.0 

118 

OUR  BOYS 


273 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

Correlation  Between  Rank  in  Family  and  Age  Leaving  School 
TABLE  No.  7-D  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 

American  and  Foreign  Combined 


RANK  IN  FAMILY 

Per 

Number 

AGE  LEAVING 

cent 

of  cards 

SCHOOL 

of 

tabu- 

Oldest 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th 

total 

lated 

Under  14  

3.4 

3.8 

3.6 

3.1 

2.7 

3.0 

1.4 

2.3 

2.9 

6.0 

3.4 

554 

14  

27.  r 

28.5 

28  8 

26.4 

26  ." 

26.7 

27.4 

21.  r 

16.. 

19.7 

27.  ~ 

4,466 

15 

39  1 

38.8 

39  3 

39.1 

40.4 

38.0 

42.7 

48.8 

48  6 

34.9 

39  3 

6  399 

16  

25.1 

24.8 

24.3 

26.8 

25.8 

26.7 

23.9 

22.7 

25.0 

28.8 

25.2 

4,089 

17                         .    . 

4.8 

3.7 

3.e 

4.1 

4.5 

5.3 

4.6 

4.6 

5  9 

9.1 

4  r 

683 

18  

.6 

.4 

.4 

.5 

.1 

.3 

.6 

1.4 

1.5 

.4 

73 

Total  per  cent  .  .  . 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Total  

4,391 

4,311 

3,025 

1,933 

1,254 

697 

347 

172 

68 

66 

16,264 

TABLE  No.  7-E  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


Under  14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

Total  per  cent . 
Total .  . 


3.1 
25.8 
35.6 
27.6 
6.4 
1.6 

3.0 
26.6 
33.9 
29.0 
6.0 
1.5 

3.0 
26.5 
36.6 
27.2 
5.6 
1.1 

2.9 
28.2 
34.6 
27.0 
6.2 
1.1 

3.3 

27.1 
36.6 
27.2 
4.8 
1.0 

2.9 
26.6 
36.0 
28.7 
4.6 
1.2 

3.1 

27.7 
35.9 
27.1 
5.9 
.3 

1.5 
29.4 
43.5 
22.5 
2.1 
1.0 

5.7 
34.3 
34.3 
21.0 
1.9 
2.8 

3.9 

29.4 
29.4 
30.4 
5.9 
1.0 

3.1 
26.7 
35.4 
27.7 
5.8 
1.3 

410 
3,597 
4,761 
3,722 
781 
181 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

3,523 

3,319 

2,450 

1,656 

1,098 

654 

354 

191 

105 

102 

13,452 

Under  14. 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18... 


Total  per  cent .  .  . 
lotal.. 


TABLE  No.  7-F  — CITIES  UNDER  2-5,000 


6.6 
17.9 
34.6 
32.2 
7.3 
1.4 

5.9 
20.1 
32.5 
33.0 
6.7 
1.8 

6.0 
19.8 
33.9 
32.4 
6.8 
1.1 

5.9 
17.5 
36.4 
31.1 
7.2 
1.9 

7.1 
21.0 
33.8 
31.5 
5.4 
1.2 

8.8 
21.2 
34.7 
28.4 
6.0 
.9 

7.1 
20.2 
36.9 
32.8 
3.0 

4.5 
23.6 
33.7 
33.7 
3.4 
1.1 

14.3 
17.9 
37.5 
26.8 
3.5 

13.1 
19.0 
32.2 
31.0 
3.5 
1.2 

6.5 
19.2 
34.2 
32.1 
6.6 
1.4 

458 
1,356 
2,401 
2,254 
464 
101 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

130.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

1,915 

1,741 

1,199 

841 

594 

317 

198 

89 

56 

84 

7,034 

Under  14. 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18... 


Total  per  cent .  . 
Total.. 


TABLE  No.  7-G  — VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


3.0 
16.9 
34.0 
36.7 
7.8 
1.6 

3.7 

17.4 
36.1 
34.8 
6.6 
1.4 

2.4 

17.7 
35.1 
35.9 

7.8 
1.1 

2.4 
18.4 
37.3 
33.9 
6.8 
1.2 

3.6 

22.0 
35.4 
31.2 
6.5 
1.3 

.6 
19.3 
32.8 
35.1 
10.5 
1.7 

3.3 

15.4 
30.8 
39.5 

8.8 
2.2 

18.6 
30.0 
42.9 
7.1 
1.4 

12.8 
18.0 
30.8 
30.8 
5.1 
2.5 

9.1 

30.3 
27.3 
30.3 
3.0 

3.1 
18.0 
35.0 
35.2 
7.3 
1.4 

122 
715 
1,390 
1,402 
291 
55 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

1,015 

1,019 

733 

499 

305 

171 

91 

70 

39 

33 

3  975 



NOTE. —  The  group  of  boys  coming  from  families  of  only  one  child  is  omitted. 


274 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

Correlation  Between  Rank  in  Family  and  Age  Leaving  School 

TABLE  No.  7-H  — PLACES  UNDER  5,000 

American  and  Foreign  Combined 


AGE  LEAVING 
SCHOOL 

RANK  IN  FAMILY 

Per 
cent 
of 
total 

Number 
of  cards 
tabu- 
lated 

Oldest 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th 

Under  14  
14 

2.4 
18.8 
35.2 
34.0 
8.2 
1.4 

2.6 
18.5 
34.2 
35.8 
7.7 
1.2 

1.6 
17.4 
38.0 
33.4 
8.2 
1.4 

1.5 
18.4 
34.4 
37.0 
7.1 
1.6 

2.3 
17.4 
37.6 
36.3 
5.4 
1.0 

3.6 
20.2 
35.0 
33.8 
6.6 
.8 

1.8 

18.7 
38.9 
33.3 
6.4 
.9 

.6 
20.3 
38.3 
36.0 

4.8 

1.9 
22.6 
41.n 
27.5 
5.6 
.9 

1.9 
17.9 
46.0 
31.1 
3.1 

2.2 
18.5 
35.9 
34.8 
7.4 
1.2 

243 
2,037 
3,959 
3,832 
821 
137 

15               

16 

17               

18                     

Total  per  cent  .  .  . 
Total  

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

2,856 

2,806 

1,944 

1,273 

897 

£29 

326 

186 

106 

106 

11,029 

Under  14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

IS 

Total  per  cent 
Total.. 


TABLE  No.  7-1  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American  Boys  with  Two  American  Parents 


2.9 

3.7 

3.7 

4.1 

2.3 

2.7 

1.3 

3.3 

26.2 

25.3 

26.6 

22.1 

27.4 

27.4 

30.2 

22  7 

5.2 

15.7 

25.5 

37.5 

3S.9 

39.7 

40.1 

41.4 

38.4 

46.6 

45.4 

47.4 

36  9 

39.0 

26.9 

27.2 

25.8 

27.9 

23.4 

24.7 

19.2 

31.9 

36.9 

36.9 

26.8 

5.5 

4.4 

3.8 

5.4 

5.5 

5.5 

2.7 

10.5 

10,5 

4.8 

1.0 

.5 

.4 

.4 

1.3 

.6 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.  C 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

1CO.O 

100.0 

1,243 

1,190 

706 

466 

256 

146 

73 

22 

19 

19 

136 
1,059 
1,617 
1,101 

201 
26 


4,140 


Under  14. 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18... 


Total  per  cent 
Total.. 


TABLE  No.  7-J  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American  Boys  with  One  or    Two  Foreign   Parents 


3.1 
29.3 
39.4 
23.2 
4.5 
.5 

3.9 
30.9 
38.6 
23.1 
3.3 
.2 

3.2 
30.3 
39.3 
23.2 
3.6 
.4 

2.8 
29.1 
40.1 
23.6 
3.8 
.6 

2.9 
26.3 
40.8 
25.4 
4.6 

2.6 

29.3 
39.3 
24.8 
4.0 

1.4 
26.6 
42.2 
24.8 
.5.0 

1.9 
21.9 
50.5 
20.0 
4.8 
.9 

5.2 
13.2 
58.0 
15.8 
5.2 
2.6 

10.0 
20.0 
32.5 
25.0 
10.0 
2.5 

3.2 
29.3 
39.6 
23.5 
4.0 
.4 

287 
2,588 
3,492 
2,070 
351 
34 

100.0 

100.0 

1CO.O 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

2,112 

2,251 

1,755 

1,123 

757 

423 

218 

105 

38 

40 

8,822 

Under  14. 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18... 


Total  per  cent . 
Total.. 


TABLE  No.  7-K  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
Foreign  Boys  with   Two  Foreign  Parents 


4.6 
23.0 
40.8 
26.9 
4  3 

3.9 

26.7 
39.3 
25.9 
3  7 

4.4 
27.1 
39.6 
25.7 
3  0 

2.6 
23.6 
34.6 
35.4 
3  5 

2.5 
26.1 
38.2 
29.5 
2  9 

4.7 
17.2 
33.5 
35.2 
9  4 

1.8 
26.8 
39.3 
26.8 
5  3 

4.4 
17.8 
46.7 
24.5 
6  6 

45.4 
18.2 
36.4 

28.6 

42.8 
28.6 

4.0 
24.8 
39.0 
27.8 
4  0 

131 

819 
1,290 
918 
131 

4 

5 

3 

g 

4 

13 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.  C 

100.0 

1CO.O 

100.0 

100.0 

1,036 

87C 

56  i 

344 

241 

128 

56 

45 

11 

7 

3,302 

NOTE. —  The  group  of  boys  coming  from  families  of  only  one  child  is  omitted. 


OUR  BOYS 


275 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

Correlation  Between  Rank  in  Famiy  and  Age  Leaving  School 
TABLE  No.  7-L  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American  Boys  with   Two  American   Parents 


AGE  LEAVING 
SCHOOL 

RANK  IN  FAMILY 

8th 

9th 

10th 

Per 
cent 
of 
total 

Number 
of  cards 
tabu- 
lated 

Oldest 

2d 

3d 

2.6 
22.7 
36.1 
30.1 
7.1 
1  4 

4th 

1.8 
24.7 
33.6 
30.2 

7.8 
1  9 

5th 

6th 

7th 

Undr-r  14 

2.6 
21.5 
34.3 
30.3 
8.9 
2  4 

2.6 
21.8 
32  0 
33.7 
8.0 
1  9 

2.8 
22.2 
35.9 
30.3 
6.8 
2  0 

1.2 
22.5 
39.2 
30.  0 
5.0 
2  1 

4.5 
21.1 
33.8 
27.1 
6.8 
7 

33.8 
47.7 
16.9 
1.6 

6.6 
30.0 
43.4 
10.0 

io.6 

7.5 
20.0 
27.5 
35.0 
7.5 
2.5 

2.5 
22.4 
34.5 
30.9 
7.7 
2.0 

150 
1,317 
2,026 
1,814 
455 
116 

14  

ir,  

16 

17 

18 

Total  per  cent  .  .  . 
Total  .  .  .  

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 



1,658 

1,578 

1,070 

668 

396 

240 

133 

65 

30 

40 

5,878 

TABLE  No.  7-M  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American  Boys  with  One  or  Two  Foreign  Parents 


Under  14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

Total  per  cent .  .  . 
Total .  . 


Under  14.. 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18... 


Total  per  cent .  .  . 
Total .  . 


3.3 

3.3 

3.0 

3.4 

3.7 

3.8 

1.5 

1.8 

6.4 

1.7 

3.3 

197 

31.5 

33.1 

30.0 

31.5 

30.4 

29.0 

34.1 

27.7 

42.0 

36.9 

31.5 

1,888 

.  36.7 

34.8 

36.5 

35.3 

38.0 

33.7 

33.5 

42.8 

27.4 

29.8 

35.8 

2,151 

23.3 

22.8 

24.9 

24.1 

23.2 

28.5 

25.8 

23.2 

21.0 

26.3 

24.0 

1,439 

4.2 

4.6 

4.6 

5.2 

4.2 

4.4 

5.1 

2.7 

3.2 

5.3 

4.5 

272 

1.0 

1.4 

1.0 

.5 

.5 

.6 

1.8 

.9 

56 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

1,306 

1,322 

1,125 

833 

621 

365 

194 

112 

62 

57 

6,003 

TABLE  No.  7-N  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 

Foreign  Boys  with   Two  Foreign  Parents 


4.1 
25.4 
37.2 
28.6 
3  8 

3.3 
23.9 
3b.7 
31.0 
2  9 

4.3 
27.5 
38.4 
25.5 
3.9 

4.7 
24.8 
35.6 
29.5 
4  7 

3.7 

24.7 
29.6 
42.0 

4.1 
28.6 
36.7 
24.5 
4  1 

7.4 
14.8 
33.3 
37.1 
7  4 

7.1 
21.4 
28.6 
42.9 

7.6 
46.2 
46.2 

20.0 
40.0 
40.0 

4.0 
25.0 
37.2 
29.9 
3  4 

63 
392 
584 
469 
54 

.9 

.2 

.4 

.7 

2.0 

.5 

9 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.  C 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 



559 

419 

255 

149 

81 

49 

27 

14 

13 

5 

1,571 

NOTE. —  The  group  of  boys  coming  from  families  of  only  oaa  child  is  omitted. 


276 


OUR.  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

LAST  GRADE  COMPLETED 

Percent  of  Leys  Reporting  Each  Grade  as  the  Last  one  Completed 
TABLE   No.  8-C  — CITIES   OVER  25,000 


GB 

ADES 

Popu- 

CITIES 

4th 
or 
under 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

1st 

high 

school 

2d 
high 
school 

3d 
high 
school 

4th 
high 
school 

Total 
per 
cent 

lation 
of  em- 
ployed 
boys 

Albany 

2  4 

4  6 

15  9 

21.8 

29.1 

12.1 

8  9 

3  8 

1  4 

100  0 

2  542 

Amsterdam  .... 
Auburn 

.4 
1  2 

3.6 
3.5 

20.4 
19.9 

30.1 
25.3 

25.2 
32.0 

10.2 
5.7 

7.5 
7.2 

1.3 
2  2 

1.3 
3  0 

100.0 
100  0 

810 
829 

Binghamton  .... 
Buffalo 

2.0 
2  3 

5.0 
3.5 

18.8 
14.2 

25.9 
20.9 

28.2 
27.0 

10.6 
21.9 

5.4 
6.4 

2.8 
2.2 

1.3 
1.6 

100.0 
100  0 

1,353 
11,257 

Elmira  

1.5 

2.3 

11.3 

21.6 

32.7 

14.5 

11.4 

2.2 

2.5 

100.0 

971 

Jamestown  
Kingston  
Mt.  Vernon  .... 
Newburgh  

New  Rochelle.  .  . 
Niagara  Falls.  .  . 
Oswego  
Poughkeepsie.  .  . 
Rochester  

Schenectady.... 
Syracuse  

1.4 

"2!5 
.2 

3.4 
1.0 

1.4 
.8 
1.4 

.9 

4.1 
4.6 

2.8 
6.2 

4.6 
4.6 
3.5 
4.6 
3.6 

3.6 
3.5 

17.3 
18.4 
8.2 
18.5 

10.6 
20.4 
14.6 
8.8 
16.5 

13.7 
9.7 

23.3 
27.0 
21.7 
22.4 

16.2 
23.7 
25.8 
23.6 

20.1 

27.1 
22.5 

30.3 
30.2 
33.4 
28.4 

33.8 

26.7 
24.6 
32.9 
36.9 

25.1 
33.2 

12.0 
9.0 
16.4 
10.4 

14.5 
10.3 
14.6 
12.2 
7.4 

14.0 
14.1 

7.5 
6.8 
10.4 
6.8 

9.4 
6.4 
10.2 
9.9 
8.2 

9.2 
11.4 

1.7 
1.8 

1.8 
2.8 

4.4 
2.6 
4.3 
2.8 
3.5 

3.4 
2.7 

2.4 
2.2 
2.8 
4.3 

3.1 
4.3 
1.0 

4.4 
2.4 

3.0 
2.9 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

838 
553 
857 
700 

760 
1,147 
546 
698 
6,322 

1,821 
3,874 

Troy  

1.6 

5.9 

17.9 

22.5 

27.7 

12.4 

7.1 

2.3 

2.6 

100.0 

1,658 

Utica  
Watertown  

.8 

6.3 
9.3 

21.1 
17.0 

20.7 
21.3 

26.3 
24.9 

12.9 

12.4 

7.6 
9.7 

2.7 
2.5 

1.6 
2.9 

100.0 
100.0 

2,241 
669 

Yonkers  

4.5 

3.6 

14.9 

23,1 

34.8 

8.3 

8.3 

1.6 

.9 

100.0 

2,241 

New  York  

5.7 

2.5 

7.4 

22.9 

43.5 

8.8 

5.9 

2.3 

1.0 

100.0 

124,795 

TABLE  No.  8-D  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia  

1.1 

3.7 

22.5 

20.9 

24.6 

12.3 

8.0 

3.2 

3.7 

100.0 

268 

Beacon  

£ 

8.9 

30.0 

26.1 

23.3 

3  9 

1.7 

1.7 

3.9 

100.0 

271 

Canandaigua.  .  . 
Cohoes  

4!l 
4.4 

4.1 
6.8 

8.2 
24.8 

19.0 
24.0 

47.3 
22.5 

5.1 

8.8 

5.4 
3.9 

5.4 
1.2 

1.4 
3.6 

100.0 
100.0 

119 

561 

Corning         . 

5.7 

15.0 

22.7 

29.7 

14.7 

7.6 

2.0 

2.6 

100.0 

322 

Cortland  

4.4 

21.3 

24.6 

24.9 

16.8 

4.6 

2.7 

100.0 

2S5 

Dunkirk 

'  '  2 

5.1 

19.1 

22.9 

25.9 

14.8 

5.6 

3.7 

211 

100.0 

414 

Fulton  

11.3 

18.2 

21.7 

22.7 

14.3 

6.9 

4.4 

100.0 

262 

Geneva  

2.2 

5.0 

18.3 

11.7 

24.8 

17.5 

12.8 

s'.s 

4.4 

100.0 

252 

Glen  Cove  

2.6 

9.4 

23.1 

24.8 

14.5 

18.8 

5.1 

1.7 

100.0 

252 

Glens  Falls  

.5 

2.7 

17.3 

22.3 

19.6 

12.8 

10.5 

5.7 

8.6 

100.0 

322 

Gloversville  .... 

1.3 

2.0 

18.8 

27.2 

23.7 

17.9 

6.5 

1.0 

1.6 

100.0 

536 

Hornell  

3.6 

7.2 

18.9 

30.9 

15.9 

12.6 

8.6 

1.8 

100.0 

319 

Hudson  

2!4 

12.2 

25.1 

20.7 

20.7 

12.2 

5.5 

.6 

.6 

100.0 

247 

Ithaca  

3.9 

12.9 

12.9 

36.8 

14.5 

11.2 

5.0 

2.8 

100.0 

243 

Johnstown  

2.5 

3.8 

17.8 

20.4 

15.3 

13.4 

11.5 

5.1 

10.2 

100.0 

242 

Lacka  wanna.  .  .  . 

4.0 

9.5 

17.1 

20.8 

28.7 

12.6 

4.6 

.9 

1.8 

100.0 

412 

Little  Falls  

.7 

5.3 

15.3 

20.7 

32.0 

12.0 

10.0 

2.0 

2.0 

100.0 

282 

Lockport  
Mechanicville.  .  . 

.8 
3.8 

3.8 
17.5 

21.4 
17.5 

21.0 
12.1 

28.6 
18.8 

11.8 
15.0 

7.6 

7.7 

2.1 

3.8 

2.9 
3.8 

100.0 
100.0 

422 
179 

Middletown.  .  .  . 

3.0 

2.2 

12.6 

32.7 

28.5 

14.5 

4.2 

1.5 

.8 

100.0 

415 

No.  Tonawanda. 

1.3 

7.9 

10.2 

22.0 

34.4 

14.5 

3.1 

2.2 

4.4 

100.0 

338 

Norwich     

3.3 

7.7 

13.2 

15.4 

35.2 

12.0 

8.8 

4.4 

100.0 

153 

Ogdensburg  
Olean 

.7 

11.1 
4.0 

26.1 
15.9 

18.4 
25.2 

16.4 

28.5 

11.7 
9.3 

2.6 
9.3 

3.9 
3.0 

'"Q'.I 
4.8 

100.0 
100.0 

325 

425 

Oneida  

1.6 

11.4 

22.8 

24.4 

23.6 

9.7 

4.1 

2.4 

100.0 

244 

Oneonta  

"'4A 

5.4 

13.1 

24.4 

30.2 

8.8 

6.9 

2.5 

4.3 

100.0 

243 

Plattsburg  

5  0 

10  1 

20.1 

27.0 

18.9 

10.7 

3.2 

5.0 

100.0 

205 

Port  Jervis  

6.2 

8.1 

10.5 

22.4 

27.3 

12.4 

7.5 

1.9 

3.7 

100.0 

211 

Remselaer  

2.1 

4.2 

20.5 

19.5 

29.5 

13.1 

5.8 

3.7 

1.6 

100.0 

209 

OUB  BOYS 


277 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

LAST  GRADE  COMPLETED 

Percent  of  Boys  Reporting  Each  Grade  as  the  Last  one  Completed 
TABLE  No.  8-D  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded) 


GRADES 

Popu- 

Total 

lation 

CITIES 

4th 
or 
under 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

1st 
high 
school 

2d 
high 
school 

3d 

high 
school 

4th 

high 
school 

per 

cent 

of  em- 
ployed 
boys 

Rome  

6 

4.2 

19.7 

26.7 

22.1 

12.3 

10.5 

2.1 

1.8 

100.0 

528 

Salamanca  

5.3 

20.6 

18.0 

27.3 

12.7 

4.7 

4.7 

6.7 

100.0 

189 

Saratoga  Springs 

8.8 

13.5 

17.7 

22.4 

27.1 

7.1 

1.7 

1.7 

100.0 

289 

Tonawanda.  .  .  . 

3.1 

8.6 

27.8 

30.9 

18.9 

6.4 

1.2 

3.1 

100.0 

230 

Watervliet  

"i  5 

4.9 

17.6 

21.3 

28.4 

11.9 

8.0 

4.0 

2.4 

100.0 

393 

White  Plains  .  .  . 

3.2 

6.0 

16.8 

19.6 

27.6 

10.4 

9.6 

2.0 

4.8 

100.0 

457 

VILLAGES 
Albion  
Catskill  
Depew  

6.5 
6.9 
9 

5.6 
10.1 

Endicott  
Fredonia  

Freeport  

Hastings 

6.5 

2.4 

1.1 
4   1 

10.7 
2.4 

7.3 
1  4 

Haverstraw  .... 
Hempstead  
Herkimer  

Hoosick  Falls.  .  . 
Hudson  Falls... 
Huntington  .... 
Ilion 

4.0 
2.5 

1.3 
3.1 

.9 

9.0 
10.3 
11.4 

4.0 
2.1 
3.7 
1  8 

Johnson  City.  .  . 

Lancaster  
Lawrence  
Malonp. 

2.3 
.7 

3.5 

1.5 
10.0 
8  2 

Mamaroneck.  .  . 
Massena  

Medina  . 

9.0 
12.2 

2  4 

10.0 
9.2 

4  7 

Newark  
No.  Tarrytown  . 

Nvack 

"3'.9 
3  5 

2.8 
5.4 

8  8 

Os.iining  

Owego  
Patchogue  
Peekskill... 

1.3 

10.0 
3.2 
5.9 

2.5 

5.0 
3.2 
5.3 

Penn  Yan  
Port  Chester  .  .  . 

Port  Washington 
Rockville  Center 

7.7 
3.2 

7.7 

7.7 
6.5 

14.1 

Saranac  Lake.  .  . 
Seneca  Falls.... 
Sol  vay  

4.1 
7.2 

1.2 

8.2 
5.8 
1.2 

Tarrytown  
Walden  

2.7 

5.7 

4.4 

Waterf  ord  
Waverly  
Wellsville  

Whitehall  

7.9 
1.7 
1.1 

9.5 

4.5 
7.3 
6.8 

17.3 

TABLE  No.  8-E  — VILLAGES   OVER  5,000 


32.3 
8.3 

20.2 
9.8 

21.7 

13.7 
6.8 
28.0 
25.6 
22.2 

6.7 

18.3 

6.4 

8.3 

13.5 

16.4 
5.0 
28.3 
12.0 
23.5 

16.5 
16.7 
15.6 
18.6 
19.0 

20.0 
11.7 
20.5 
15.4 
22.7 

23.2 

7.7 

18.4 

23.2 

1.2 

8.6 
23.4 
27.0 
25.5 
11.2 


12.9 
26.4 
24.7 
23.8 
30.2 

23.2 
21.' 
14.0 
25.6 
15.' 

27.' 
27.5 
26.6 
19.1 
19.2 

26.! 
35.0 
19.3 
28.0 
22.4 

23.5 
19.4 
23.4 
23.9 
15.2 

25.0 
11.7 
20.5 
19.3 
27.9 

20.3 
9.6 
24.4 
11.6 
20.7 

25.7 
33.3 
24.7 
27.3 
18.0 


14.7    12.0 


3  2 

16.1 

19.3 

9  7 

36.1 

11.1 

1.4 

1.4 

2.8 

19.3 

11.0 

9.2 

.9 

3.7 

30.0 

14.1 

2.8 

1.4 

.9 

26.5 

6.0 

7.2 

1.2 

2.4 

27.4 

15.8 

7.3 

1.1 

3.1 

35.9 

17.9 

10.6 

1.4 

23.0 

10.0 

3.0 

'"i'.O 

5.0 

30.9 

5.1 

30.1 

29.4 

13.3 

8.0 

6.7 

2.7 

28.5 

14.3 

4.1 

2.1 

43.1 

11.1 

2.7 

'"3'.7 

1.8 

38.5 

14.6 

9.4 

4.3 

4.0 

33.6 

18.0 

6.4 

1.2 

2.3 

32.8 

11.2 

4.5 

3.0 

3.0 

20  0 

15  0 

10  0 

5.0 

17.6 

8.2 

7.4 

5.9 

4.4 

18.0 

14.0 

6.0 

3.0 

21.5 

6.1 

3.1 

"V.O 

31.7 

9.4 

8.2 

1.2 

2.4 

27.8 

11.1 

8.3 

9.7 

4.2 

28.9 

13.6 

6.2 

1.5 

1.5 

19.5 

15.9 

6.2 

.9 

2.7 

21.5 

20.9 

10.1 

3.8 

5.7 

35.0 

5.0 

34.0 

"ie'.o 

'"8.5 

'"8.5 

3.2 

28.5 

8.8 

6.7 

2.1 

1.7 

42.3 

3.8 

3.8 

19.5 

8.8 

6.2 

1.6 

3.6 

12.8 

12.8 

3.9 

1.3 

3.9 

25.0 

25.0 

23.1 

7.7 

1.9 

14.4 

24  4 

2  0 

4.1 

31.9 

8.7 

5.8 

5.8 

32.9 

22.0 

13.4 

4.9 

"    2^5 

28  6 

11.5 

11.5 

5.7 

23.4 

12.2 

2.2 

1.1 

20.2 

6.8 

4.5 

3.3 

"ili 

23.7 

7.3 

5.4 

1.8 

30.2 

15.7 

10.2 

3.4 

"s.i 

24.1 

14.7 

4.3 

1.7 

1.7 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


165 

96 

148 

164 

95 

204 
155 
120 
140 
249 

120 
108 
62 
215 
153 

134 
28 
163 
153 
111 

128 

136 

90 

72 
217 

72 
107 

292 

72 

388 

56 
137 
100 
147 
157 

85 
144 

68 
115 

73 

118 


278 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  Between  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Age  Leaving  School 
TABLE  No.  8-L— GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American   Boys    with    Two    American    Parents 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

AGES 

No.  of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 

Per 
cent 
of 
total 

Cum. 
per 
cent 

Cum. 
per 
cent 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

4th  or  under.  .  . 

38 
9 
7 
23 
85 

70 
17 
64 
315 
571 
139 

54 
28 
111 
438 
876 
216 
133 

59 
44 

117 
253 

458 
121 

158 

77 

'"3 
10 
23 
50 
29 
36 
45 
50 

... 

"7 
2 
3 
9 
8 

221 
102 
309 
1,052 
2,047 
507 
330 
131 
58 

4.6 
2.1 
6.5 
22.2 
43.1 
10.6 
7.0 
2.7 
1.2 

4.6 
6.7 
13.2 
35.4 
78.5 
89.1 
96.1 
98.8 
100.0 

100.0 
95.4 
93.3 
86.8 
64.6 
21.5 
10.9 
3.9 
1.2 

5th  
6th.. 

7th  

8th  
1st  high  school  
2d. 

3d.  ., 

4th  
Total 

162 

1,176 

1,856 

1,287 

246 

30 

4,757 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total  
Cum  per  cent 

3.4 

24.8 

39.0 

27.0 

5.2 

.6 

100.0 

3.4 

28.2 

67.2 

94.2 

99.4 

100.0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

96.6 

71.8 

32.8 

5.8 

.6 



TABLE  No.  S-M  —  GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American  Boys  with  One  American  Parent 


4th  or  under 

11 

32 

26 

19 

88 

4  9 

4  9 

100  0 

5th  
6th.. 

3 

4 

10 

28 

10 

42 

15 
38 

3 
1 

41 
113 

2.3 
6.3 

7.2 
13.5 

95.1 

92.8 

7th 

g 

129 

154 

82 

8 

381 

21  1 

34  6 

86.5 

8th..  
1st  high  school 

34 

225 
50 

352 
75 

185 
42 

28 
9 

3 

827 
176 

45.9 
9.8 

80.5 
90.3 

65.4 
19.5 

50 

50 

13 

1 

114 

6.3 

96.6 

9  7 

3d  
4th.. 

33 

13 
14 

3 

46 
17 

2.5 
.9 

99.1 
100.0 

3.4 
.9 

Total     .  . 

60 

474 

709 

464 

89 

7 

1,803 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total.... 

3.3 

26.3 

39.4 

25.7 

4.9 

.4 

100.0 



Cum  per  cent 

0     O 

29  6 

69  0 

94  7 

99  6 

100.0 

100  0 

96  7 

70  4 

31  0 

5  3 

4 



TABLE  No.  8-N  —  GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American   Boys   with    Two   Foreign    Parents 


38 

109 

112 

90 

3 

352 

4  8 

4  8 

100  0 

5th  

8 

30 

44 

49 

5 

136 

1.8 

6.6 

95.2 

6th   .        .    . 

23 

96 

188 

151 

11 

469 

6.4 

13.0 

93.4 

7th 

33 

630 

648 

304 

16 

1 

1  632 

22  7 

35  7 

87  0 

8th  

143 

1,155 

1,458 

643 

62 

2 

3,463 

47.6 

83.3 

64.3 

1st  high  school  
2d 

'.  .  .  . 

177 

278 
167 

107 
208 

20 
37 

1 
1 

583 
413 

8.0 
5.7 

91.3 
97  0 

16.7 
8.7 

3d... 

115 

42 

7 

164 

2.2 

99.2 

3.0 

4th  

52 

8 

60 

.8 

100.0 

.8 

Total 

245 

2  197 

2  895 

1  667 

248 

20 

7  272 

100  0 

Per  cent  of  total  

3.4 

30.3 

39.8 

22.9 

3.4 

.2 

100.0 



3  4 

33  7 

73  5 

96  4 

99  8 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

96.6 

66.3 

26.5 

3.6 

.2 



OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correla'ion  Between  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Age  Leaving  School 
TABLE  No.  8-O  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 

Foreign    Boys   with    Two   Foreign    Parents 


Ac 

E8 

No  of 

Per 

Cum. 

Cum. 

COMPLETED 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

tabu 
lated 

of 

total 

per 
cent 

per 
cent 

4th  or  under  

71 

48 

57 

64 

5 

1 

246 

7.0 

7.0 

100.  (> 

5th 

12 

26 

47 

80 

4 

169 

4.9 

11.9 

93.0 

6th  
7th 

17 
28 

91 

268 

124 
378 

143 

199 

3 
15 

1 

379 

888 

10.9 
25.4 

22.8 
48.2 

88.1 
77.2 

8th  
1st  high  school  
2d 

49 

350 
58 

592 
102 
58 

302 
64 
85 

43 
15 
15 

2 
3 
1 

1,338 
242 
159 

38.3 
6.9 
4.6 

86.5 
93.4 
98.0 

51.8 
13.5 
6.6 

3d 

46 

18 

3 

67 

1.9 

99  9 

2.0- 

4th  

31 

3 

34 

.1 

100.0 

.1 

Total  

177 

841 

1,358 

983 

149 

14 

3,522 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total.... 

5.0 

23.8 

38.7 

27.9 

4.2 

.4 

100.0 

Cum.  per  cent 

5  0 

28  8 

67  5 

95  4 

99.6 

100.0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

95.0 

71.2 

32.5 

4.6 

.4 

TABLE  No.  8-P  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American  Boys  with   Two  American  Parents 


4th  or  under  
5th  
6th 

31 
12 
20 

61 
32 
215 

55 
73 
307 

79 
63 
208 

6 
7 
18 

4 

236 

187 
768 

3.6 

2.8 
11.7 

3.6 
6.4 
18.1 

100.0 
96.4 
93.6 

7th  
8th 

34 
71 

402 
550 

554 

776 

332 
614 

28 
94 

4 
15 

1,354 
2,120 

20.6 
32.2 

38.7 
70.9 

81.9 
61.3 

1st  high  school  .    ... 
2d.... 

157 

360 
127 

375 
320 

95 
129 

11 
30 

998 
606 

15.2 
9.3 

86.1 
95.4 

29.1 
13.9 

3d 

80 

90 

34 

204 

3.1 

98.5 

4.6 

4th 

67 

35 

102 

1.5 

100.0 

1.5 

Total 

168 

1,417 

2,252 

2,071 

534 

133 

6,575 

100.0 

2  6 

21  6 

34   1 

31  6 

8  1 

2  0 

100  0 

Cum  per  cent 

2  6 

24  2 

58  3 

89  9 

98  0 

100  0 

100  0 

97  4 

75  8 

41  7 

10  1 

2  0 







TABLE   No.  8-Q  — CITIES   OVER  25,000 
American  Boys  with  One  American  Parent 


4th  or  under  
5th  
6th 

8 
2 
9 

7 
8 
97 

12 
13 
86 

15 
23 
63 

3 
2 
2 

1 

46 
48 
257 

2.4 
2.6 
13.8 

2.4 
5.0 

18  8 

100.0 
97.6 
95  0 

7th  
8th....  
1st  hi^h  school 

12 
23 

144 

204 
49 

134 
247 
108 

85 
140 
95 

7 
12 
22 

"2 
6 

382 
628 
280 

20.4 
33.5 
15.0 

39.2 

72.7 
87  7 

81.2 
60.8 
27  3 

2d  
3d   . 

48 

73 

19 

28 
22 

3 

7 

152 

48 

8.1 
2.6 

95.8 
98.4 

12.3 
4.2 

4th  

25 

6 

31 

1.6 

100.0 

1.6 

Total  

54 

509 

648 

513 

123 

25 

1,872 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total 

2  9 

27  2 

34  6 

27  4 

6.6 

1.3 

100  0 

2  9 

30  1 

64  7 

92  1 

98  7 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

97.1' 

69.9 

35.3 

7.9 

1.3 

280 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  Between  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Age  Leaving  School 
TABLE  No.  8-R  —  CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American   Boys   with    Two   Foreign    Parents 


AG 

ES 

No.  of 

Per 

Cum. 

Cum. 

CO-JPLETED 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

tabu- 
lated 

of 
total 

per 
cent 

per 
cent 

4th  or  under  
5th  

16 
13 

33 

49 

36 
64 

31 
39 

6 
1 

2 
1 

124 

167 

3.2 

4  7 

3.2 
7  9 

100.0 
96  8 

6th. 

38 

270 

293 

158 

4 

1 

764 

18  5 

26  4 

92  1 

7th  

34 

475 

380 

165 

8 

1,062 

25  8 

52  2 

73  6 

8th  

37 

461 

497 

269 

29 

5 

1  298 

31  5 

83  7 

47  8 

1st  high  school 

85 

144 

137 

22 

4 

392 

9  5 

93  2 

16  3 

2d 

61 

96 

30 

5 

192 

4  6 

97  8 

6  8 

3d... 

28 

26 

7 

61 

1  4 

99  2 

2  2 

4th 

26 

10 

36 

8 

100  0 

8 

Total 

138 

1,373 

1,475 

923 

152 

35 

4  096 

100  0 

Per  cent  of  total  

3.4 

33.5 

36  0 

22  5 

3  7 

9 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

3.4 

36.9 

72.9 

95.4 

99.1 

100.0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

96.6 

63.1 

27.1 

4.6 

.9 

TABLE  No.  8-S  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 
Foreign   Boys   with    Two   Foreign    Parents 


4th  or  under. 

15 

32 

23 

18 

2 

1 

91 

5.5 

5  5 

100.0 

5th 

10 

36 

60 

64 

4 

2 

176 

10  7 

16  2 

94  5 

6th.. 

14 

98 

172 

128 

4 

1 

417 

25.4 

41.6 

83.8 

7th.. 

13 

119 

129 

85 

9 

355 

21  6 

63  2 

58.4 

8th  

9 

108 

158 

106 

8 

1 

390 

23.8 

87.0 

36.8 

1st  high  school  
2d.. 

16 

53 
16 

57 
28 

10 
7 

1 
1 

137 

52 

8.4 
3  2 

95.4 
98  6 

13.0 
4  6 

3d 

7 

5 

2 

14 

8 

'  99  4 

1  4 

4th  

7 

•3 

10 

.6 

100.0 

.6 

Total 

61 

409 

611 

493 

56 

12 

1  642 

100  0 

Per  cent  of  total 

3  7 

25  0 

37  2 

30  0 

3  4 

7 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent 

3  7 

28  7 

65  9 

95  9 

99  3 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

96.3 

71.3 

34.1 

4.1 

.7 



TABLE  No.  8-T  — CITIES  OVER  25,000  INCLUDING  GREATER  NEW  YORK 
Scotch  Boys  with  Scotch   Parents 


4th  or  under  
5th 

i 

1 

1 
1 

1.9 
1.9 

1.9 
3.8 

100.0 
98.1 

6th 

3.8 

96.2 

7th  

1 

5 

8 

3 

17 

32.1 

35.9 

96.2 

8th 

1 

5 

8 

4 

18 

34.0 

69.9 

64.1 

1st  high  school  
2d  
3d..  . 

2 

5 
3 

1 
1 
1 

'  'i 

2 

8 
5 
3 

15.0 
9.4 
5.7 

84.9 
94.3 
100.0 

30.1 
15.1 
5.7 

4th  

Total 

2 

13 

24 

10 

4 

53 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total  

3.8 

24.5 

45.3 

18.9 

7.5 

100.0 



C                      t 

3  8 

28  3 

73  6 

92  5 

100  0 

pur  L-C  ii/.  ..... 

„, 

100  0 

96  ** 

71  7 

26  4 

7  5 

OUR  BOYS 


281 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GKADES 
Correction  Between  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Age  Leaving  School 

TABLE  No.  8-T  —  (Continued) 
American  Boys  with  Scotch  Parents 


Ac 

ES 

No.  of 

Per 

Cum. 

Cum. 

COMPLETED 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

tabu- 
lated 

of 

total 

per 
cent 

per 
cent 

4th  or  under  .... 

1 

1 

1  5 

1  5 

100  0 

5th 

i 

1 

1  5 

3  0 

98  5 

6th  ... 

1 

3 

4 

6  0 

9  0 

97  0 

7th  

6 

| 

2 

14 

20  9 

29  9 

91  0 

8th  

1 

12 

13 

9 

35 

52  1 

82  0 

70  1 

1st  high  school  . 

3 

2 

1 

1 

7 

10  5 

92  5 

18  0 

2d  

1 

2 

3 

4  5 

97  0 

7  5 

3d 

1 

1 

1  5 

98  5 

3  0 

4th     

1 

1 

1  5 

100  0 

1  5 

Total  

1 

23 

25 

15 

1 

2 

67 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total  

1.5 

34.3 

37.3 

22.4 

1.5 

3  0 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent 

1  5 

35  8 

73  1 

95  5 

97  0 

100  0 



Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

98.5 

64.2 

26.9 

4.5 

3.0 

TABLE  No.  8-U  —  CITIES  OVER  25,000,  INCLUDING  GREATER  NEW  YORK 
Russian  Boys  with  Russian   Parents 


4th  or  under  . 

9 

18 

22 

23 

2 

74 

4  7 

4  7 

100  0 

5th  

2 

7 

12 

26 

1 

48 

3  0 

7  7 

95  3 

6th    

2 

21 

55 

62 

1 

1 

142 

9  0 

16  7 

92  3 

7th 

20 

109 

133 

66 

6 

334 

21  2 

37  9 

83  3 

8th  

27 

170 

298 

166 

20 

1 

682 

43  3 

81  2 

62  1 

1st  high  school  
2d 

32 

56 
39 

44 

46 

5 
12 

1 

138 
97 

8.8 
6  2 

90.0 
96  2 

18.8 
10  0 

3d  

26 

13 

2 

41 

2  6 

98  8 

3  8 

4th 

18 

2 

20 

1  2 

100  0 

1  2 

Total  

60 

357 

615 

459 

78 

7 

1,576 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total  .   . 

3  8 

22  7 

39  0 

29  2 

4  9 

4 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

3.8 

26  5 

65  5 

94  7 

99  6 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

96.2 

73.5 

34.5 

5.3 

.4 

American  Boys  with  Russian   Parents 


4th  or  under  
5th 

12 
2 

32 

2 

44 

7 

32 
11 

120 
22 

6.9 
1  2 

6.9 
8  1 

100.0 
93  1 

6th  
7th.. 

1 
9 

15 

108 

41 
104 

23 
54 

4 
4 

84 
279 

4.8 
16  0 

12.9 
28  9 

91.9 
87  1 

8th  

31 

266 

343 

124 

10 

1 

775 

44.4 

73.3 

71.1 

1st  high  school  
2d  

45 

98 
61 

40 
86 

8 
22 

1 

192 

169 

11.0 
9  7 

84.3 
94  0 

26.7 
15  7 

3d 

47 

26 

1 

74 

4  3 

98  3 

6  0 

4th.  

27 

2 

9 

1.7 

100.0 

1.7 

Total 

55 

468 

698 

417 

101 

5 

1   744 

100  0 

Per  cent  of  total  

3.2 

26.8 

40.0 

23.9 

5.8 

.3 

100.0 

Cum.  per  cent  

3.2 

30.0 

70.0 

93.9 

99.7 

100.0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

96.8 

70.0 

30.0 

6.1 

.3 

282 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  Betweem  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Age  Leaving  School 
TABLE  No.  8-V  — CITIES  OVER  25,000,  INCLUDING  GREATER  NEW  YORK 

Irish   Boys   with   Irish    Parents 


Ac 

1ES 

No.  of 

Per 

Cum. 

Cum. 

COMPLETED 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

tabu- 
lated 

of 
total 

per 
cent 

per 
cent 

4th  or  under 

1 

1 

2  2 

2  2 

100  0 

5th 

2 

2 

4  5 

6  7 

97  8 

6th.  . 
7th 

1 

1 

2 

6 

4 

7 

7 

15.9 
15  9 

22.6 
38  5 

93.3 

77  4 

8th  
1st  high  school  
2d 

... 

5 

7 
2 

8 
1 
3 

'  i 

20 

2 
5 

45.6 
4.5 
11  4 

84.1 
88.6 
100  0 

61.5 
15.9 
11  4 

3d 

4th 

Total  

2 

7 

17 

17 

1 

44 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total  .  .  . 

4  5 

15.9 

38  7 

38  7 

2.2 

100  0 

Cum  per  cent    .... 

4.5 

20.4 

59.1 

97.8 

100.0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

95.5 

79.6 

40.9 

2.2 

American   Boys   with  Irish    Parents 


4th  or  under  .  . 
5th  
6th  
7th 

m 
1 

3 
13 

10 
1 
23 
104 

6 
8 
50 
142 

6 
10 
37 

77 

"i 

3 

29 
20 
114 
339 

2.2 
1.5 
8.6 
25  4 

2.2 
3.7 
12.3 
37  7 

100  » 

97.8 
96.2 

87  7 

8th  
1st  high  school 
2d 

29 

167 
16 

252 
56 
25 

161 
30 
45 

14 
2 
3 

1 
1 

623 
105 
74 

46.7 
7.9 
5  5 

84.4 
92.3 
97  8 

62"« 
15.  6 

7  7 

3d 

13 

8 

2 

23 

1  7 

99  5 

2  2 

4th 

5 

1 

6 

.5 

100  0 

5 

Total    

53 

321 

539 

379 

36 

5 

1,333 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total  

4.0 

24.1 

40.4 

28.4 

2.7 

.4 

100.0 

Cum  per  cent      .  .  . 

4.0 

28.1 

68.5 

96.9 

99.6 

100.0 

100  0 

96  0 

71  9 

31  5 

3  1 

4 



TABLE  No.  8-W  — CITIES  OVER  25,000,  INCLUDING  GREATER  NEW  YORK 
Scandinavian  Boys  with  Scandinavian   Parents 


5th        

3.5 

96.5 

6th  
7th  
8th  
1st  high  school 
2d 

1 
2 
1 

3 

7 
7 
1 

'"3 
14 

3 
2 
3 
3 
2 

"i 

1 

1 

8 
15 
26 
4 
2 

13.8 
25.9 
44.8 
6.9 
3.5 

17.3 
43.2 
88.0 
94.9 
98  4 

96.5 
82.7 
56.8 
12.0 
5   1 

3d 

98  4 

5  1 

4th 

1 

1 

1.6 

100.0 

1.6 

Total  

4 

18 

18 

13 

4 

1 

58 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total  .  . 

6.9 

31.1 

31   1 

22  A 

6.9 

1.6 

100.0 

Cum.  per  cent  

6.9 

38.0 

69.1 

91.5 

98.4 

100.0 



Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

93.1 

62.0 

30.9 

8.5 

1.6 

OUR  BOYS 


283 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 
Correlation  Between  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Age  Leaving  School 

TABLE  No.  8-W  —  (Continued) 
American    Boys    with    Scandinavian    Parents 


Ac 

ES 

No.  of 

Per 

Cum. 

Cum. 

COMPLETED 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

tabu- 
lated 

of 
total 

per 

cent 

per 
cent 

2 

4 

3 

3 

12 

3  6 

3  6 

100  0 

5th  
6th 

"2 

1 

7 

2 

7 

9 

3 

25 

.9 

7  4 

4.5 
11  9 

96.4 
95  5 

7th 

1 

27 

28 

9 

65 

19  3 

31  2 

88  1 

8th  
1st  high  school 

5 

59 

7 

62 
13 

32 
16 

2 
2 

160 
38 

47.7 
11  3 

78.9 
90  2 

68.8 
21   1 

10 

11 

3 

1 

25 

7  4 

97  6 

9  8 

3d 

5 

1 

1 

7 

2.1 

99  7 

2  4 

4th 

1 

1 

3 

100  0 

3 

• 

Total 

10 

105 

125 

85 

9 

2 

336 

100  0 

Per  cent  of  total.  .  .  . 

3.0 

31.3 

37.2 

25.3 

2.7 

.5 

100.0 

Cum  per  cent 

3  0 

34  3 

71  5 

96  8 

99  5 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

97.5 

65.7 

28.5 

3.2 

.5 

TABLE  No.  8-X  — CITIES  OVER  25,000,  INCLUDING  GREATER  NEW  YORK 
German    Boys    with    German    Parents 


4th  or  under  

1 

2 

1 

4 

3.3 

3.3 

100.0 

5th        

1 

1 

1 

3 

2  5 

5  8 

96  7 

6th.  . 

10 

10 

5 

1 

26 

21.7 

27.5 

94.2 

7th  

1 

14 

8 

6 

1 

30 

25  0 

52.5 

72.5 

8th 

11 

14 

9 

1 

35 

29  2 

81  7 

47  5 

1st  high  school 

4 

8 

3 

1 

16 

13  3 

95  0 

18  3 

2d  
3d    

2 

1 

1 

4 

3.3 

98.3 

5.0 

4th 

2 

2 

1  7 

100  0 

1  7 

Total    

3 

39 

45 

26 

7 

120 

100  0 

Per  cent  of  total  

2.5 

32.5 

37  5 

21  7 

5  8 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

2.5 

35.0 

72  5 

94  2 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

97.5 

65.0 

27.5 

5.8 

.,.. 

American  Boys   with  German   Parents 


4th  or  under  

15 

21 

12 

10 

4 

62 

3.4 

3.4 

100.0 

5th 

3 

14 

11 

8 

1 

37 

2  0 

5  4 

95  6 

6th  
7th  

10 
11 

97 
242 

58 
138 

36 
60 

1 
3 

202 
454 

11.2 
25.1 

16.6 
41.7 

94.6 

83.4 

8th  
1st  high  school.  .  . 
2d 

26 

346 
67 

276 
52 
34 

119 
34 
31 

17 

7 
8 

4 

788 
160 
73 

43.5 
8.8 
4.0 

85.2 
94.0 
98  0 

53.3 
14.8 
6.0 

3d  

15 

7 

2 

24 

1.4 

99.4 

2.0 

4th  

7 

4 

11 

.6 

100.0 

.6 

Total  

65 

787 

581 

313 

55 

10 

1,811 

100.0 

3  6 

43  5 

32  1 

17  3 

3  0 

5 

100  0 

Cu'n   per  cent 

3  6 

47  i 

79  2 

96  5 

99  5 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

96.4 

52.9 

20.8 

3.5 

.5 

_•_-:_ 

==^== 

J.-Ll-_ 

i^i 

284 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  Between  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Age  Leaving  School 
TABLE  No.  8-Y  —  CITIES  OVER  25,000,  INCLUDING  GREATER  NEW  YORK 

English    Boys    with    English    Parents 


Ac 

ES 

No.  of 

Per 

Cum. 

Cum. 

COMPLETED 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

tabu- 
lated 

of 

total 

per 
cent 

per 
cent 

4th  or  under  
5th 

2 
2 

2 
1 

2 
1 

3 

1 

9 
5 

5.4 
3.0 

5.4 

8.4 

100.0 
94.6 

6th 

11 

5 

5 

21 

12  5 

20  9 

91  6 

7th 

1 

13 

14 

15 

43 

25  6 

46  5 

79  1 

8th 

14 

20 

18 

7 

59 

35.1 

81  6 

53.5 

1st  high  school  .  . 

5 

8 
2 

4 
6 

1 
2 

i 

18 
11 

10.7 
6  5 

92.3 
98  8 

18.4 

7  7 

3d 

1 

.6 

99.4 

1  2 

4th 

1 

1 

.6 

100  0 

6 

Total 

5 

46 

52 

52 

12 

1 

168 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total  .... 

3.0 

27.4 

30.9 

30.9 

7.2 

.6 

100.0 

3  0 

30  4 

61.3 

92  2 

99  4 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

97.0 

69.6 

38.7 

7.8 

.6 

American  Boys  with   English    Parents 


4th  or  under  

3 

1 

5 

9 

4.5 

4.5 

100.0 

5th 

1 

2 

4 

7 

3.5 

8.0 

95.5 

Gth      

1 

1 

11 

7 

20 

9.9 

17.9 

92.0 

7th                  

10 

16 

9 

35 

17.3 

35.2 

82.1 

8th 

22 

36 

16 

3 

1 

78 

38.6 

73.8 

64.8 

1st  high  school  
2d 

7 

9 
11 

12 
4 

3 

31 
15 

15.3 

7  4 

89.1 
96  5 

26.2 
10  9 

3d 

4 

2 

1 

7 

3.5 

100.0 

3.5 

4th 

Total 

2 

43 

86 

61 

8 

2 

202 

100.0 

1  0 

21  3 

42  6 

30  2 

3  9 

1  0 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

1.0 

22.3 

64.9 

95.1 

99.0 

100.0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

99.0 

77.7 

35.1 

4.9 

1.0 

TABLE  No.  8  Z  — CITIES  OVER  25,000,  INCLUDING  GREATER  NEW  YORK 

Canadian  Boys  with  Canadian  Parents 


4th  or  under  
5th  
6th 

1 

4 

9 

1 

io 

1 
1 
6 

1 

7 
1 
19 

6.6 

.9 
17.9 

6.6 

7.5 
25.4 

100.0 
93.4 
92.5 

7th 

s 

8 

5 

21 

19.9 

45.3 

74.6 

8th        

10 

£j 

6 

1 

25 

23.6 

68.9 

54.7 

1st  high  school  

4 

5 

9 

3 

21 

19.9 

88.8 

31.1 

2d                 

2 

6 

8 

7.5 

96.3 

11.2 

3d 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2.8 

99.1 

3.7 

4th  

1 

1 

.9 

100.0 

.9 

Total 

1 

28 

34 

35 

5 

3 

108 

100  0 

9 

26  5 

32  1 

33  0 

4  7 

2.8 

100.0 

C                      t 

9 

27  4 

59  5 

92  5 

97  2 

100  0 

^um.  P^-  ^^   ^  

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

99.1 

72.6 

40.5 

7.5 

2.8 



OUR  BOYS 


285 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 
Correlation  Between  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Age  Leaving  School 

TABLE  No.  8-Z  —  (Continued) 
American  Boys  with  Canadian  Parents 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

AGES 

No.  of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 

Per 

cent 
of 
total 

Cum. 
per 
cent 

Cum. 
per 
cent 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

4th  or  under  
5th 

"i 

"'2 
6 
9 
16 
3 

4 
1 
5 
10 
23 
5 
1 

4 
3 
6 
10 
12 
4 
6 

8 
7 
17 
30 
53 
13 
12 

"2 

5.6 
4.9 
12.0 
21.1 
37.3 
9.2 
8.5 

"  i.4 

5.6 
10.5 
22.5 
43.6 
80.9 
90.1 
98.6 

100.0 
94.4 
89.5 
77.5 
56.4 
19.1 
9.9 

"  i 

6th.  . 

7th  

8th 

2 

1st  high  school  
2d... 

i 

3 

'"2 

3d 

4th  

1 

1 

100.0 

1.4 

Total  

3 

36 

49 

45 

6 

3 

142 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total  
Cum.  per  cent  
Cum.  per  cent  

2.1 

25.4 

34.5 

31.7 

4.2 

2.1 

100.0 

2.1 

27.5 

62.0 

93.7 

97.9 

100.0 

100.0 

97.9 

72.5 

38.0 

6.3 

2.1 

TABLE  No.  8-AA  —  CITIES  OVER  25,000,  INCLUDING  GREATER  NEW  YORK 

Austro-Hungarian    Boys    with    Austro-PIungarian    Parents 


4th  or  under 

1 

6 

8 

2 

17 

3  4 

3  4 

100  0 

5th 

1 

7 

8 

9 

1 

1 

27 

5  4 

8  8 

96  6 

6th  
7th  .  . 

3 
3 

22 
43 

24 
60 

30 
28 

1 
3 

80 
137 

15.9 
27.3 

24.7 
52.0 

91.2 
75.3 

8th  
1st  hi^h  school 

5 

61 
6 

78 
16 

31 

14 

4 
1 

179 
37 

35.7 
7  4 

87.7 
95  1 

48.0 
12  3 

7 

13 

20 

3  9 

99  0 

4  9 

3d.  ., 

4 

4 

.8 

99.8 

1  0 

4th 

1 

1 

2 

100  0 

2 

Total  

13 

145 

201 

131 

11 

1 

502 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total 

2  6 

28  9 

40  0 

26  1 

2  2 

2 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

2.6 

31.5 

71.5 

97.6 

99.8 

100.0 



100  0 

97  4 

68  5 

28  5 

2  4 

2 

. 

American   Boys   with   Austro-Hungarian    Parents 


4th  or  under  
5th  .  .        

2 
2 

22 
5 

22 
11 

20 
5 

3 
1 

69 
24 

5.8 
2.0 

5.8 

7.8 

100.0 
94.2 

6th  

9 

33 

36 

21 

99 

8.3 

16.1 

92,2 

7th              

6 

100 

79 

22 

2 

209 

17.5 

33.6 

83.9 

8th 

23 

194 

219 

103 

6 

1 

546 

45.7 

79.3 

66  4 

26 

58 

22 

5 

111 

9.3 

88  6 

20  7 

2d  
3d 

23 

45 
29 

8 
10 

"3 

76 

42 

6.4 
3.5 

95.0 
98.5 

11.4 
5  0 

4th 

15 

3 

18 

1.5 

100.0 

1  5 

Total 

42 

380 

448 

267 

50 

7 

1,194 

Per  cent  of  total  

3.5 

31.8 

37.5 

22.4 

4.2 

.6 

100.0 



C                      t 

3  5 

35  3 

72  8 

95  2 

99  4 

100  0 

per  t/ciiv  

*""*'" 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

96.5 

64.7 

27.2 

4.8 

.6 



286 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and,  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  Between  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Age  Leaving  School 
TABLE  No.  8-BB  —  CITIES  OVER  25,000,  INCLUDING  GREATER  NEW  YOR  K 

Polish  Boys  with  Polish  Parents 


Ac 

E8 

No.  of 

Per 

Cum. 

Cum. 

COMPLETED 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

tabu- 
lated 

of 
total 

per 
cent 

per 
cent 

4th  or  under  .  .  . 

1 

5 

5 

4 

15 

6.7 

6.7 

100  0 

5th.. 

5 

5 

5 

1 

16 

7.1 

13  8- 

93  3 

6th 

2 

16 

22 

16 

1 

57 

25  3 

39  1 

86  2 

7th.. 

9 

29 

17 

4 

1 

60 

26.7 

65.8 

60  9 

8th  
1st  high  school 

1 

17 

33 
4 

10 
5 

2 

63 
9 

28.0 
4  0 

93.8 
97  8 

34.2 
6  2 

2d  

1 

1 

2 

.9 

98.7 

2  2 

3d  
4th 

2 

1 

2 
1 

.9 
4 

99.6 
100  0 

1.3 

4 

Total  

13 

72 

87 

47 

6 

225 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total  

5.8 

32.0 

38.7 

20.9 

2.6 

100.0 

Cum.  per  cent  

5.8 

37.8 

76.5 

97.4 

100.0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

94.2 

62.2 

23.5 

2.6 

American   Boys    with    Polish    Parents 


4th  or  under 

3 

5 

10 

7 

25 

3  5 

3  5 

100  0 

5th  
6th  

3 
10 

9 
64 

10 
67 

7 
24 

2 

29 
167 

4.2 
24.4 

7.7 
32.1 

96.5 
92  3 

7th  
8th  

5 

8 

84 

77 

76 
68 

27 
38 

1 

2 

193 
193 

27.9 

27.9 

60.0 

87.9 

67.9 
40.0 

1st  high  school  .  . 

15 

26 
10 

11 
10 

4 

52 
24 

7.5 
3  5 

95.4 
98  9 

12.1 
4  6 

3d 

7 

1  0 

99  9 

1   1 

4th  

1 

1 

.1 

100.0 

.1 

Total  

29 

254 

267 

129 

12 

691 

100.0 



Per  cent  of  total  

4.2 

36.8 

38.6 

18.7 

1.7 

100.0 

Cum.  per  cent  

4.2 

41.0 

79.6 

98.3 

100.0 

Cum  per  cent    . 

100  0 

95  8 

59  0 

20  4 

1  7 



TABLE  No.  8-CC  — CITIES  OVER  25,000,  INCLUDING  GREATER  NEW  YORK 

Italian    Boys    with   Italian    Parents 


4th  or  under 

28 

32 

38 

41 

3 

1 

143 

8.7 

8.7 

100.0 

5th.. 

11 

38 

73 

85 

4 

1 

212 

12.9 

21.6 

91.3 

6th 

17 

88 

150 

120 

2 

377 

23.0 

44.6 

78.4 

7th 

15 

135 

199 

100 

9 

458 

27  9 

72.5 

55.4 

8th  

12 

89 

170 

92 

15 

1 

379 

23.1 

95.6 

27.5 

1st  high  school  
2d 

2 

13 
6 

19 
9 

2 

2 

37 
17 

2.3 
1.1 

97.9 
99.0 

4.4 
2.1 

3d 

7 

1 

1 

9 

.6 

99.6 

1.0 

4th 

3 

3 

6 

4 

100  0 

.4 

Total 

83 

384 

649 

473 

41 

g 

1  638 

100  0 

Per  cent  of  total  

5.1 

23.5 

39.6 

28.8 

2.5 

.5 

100.0 

Cum.  per  cent  

5.1 

28.6 

68.2 

97.0 

99.5 

100.0 





Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

94.9 

71.4 

31.8 

3.0 

.5 

OUE  BOYS 


287 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  Between  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Age  Leaving  School 

TABLE   No.  8-CC  —  (Continued) 

American  Boys  with  Italian  Parents 


Ac 

ES 

No.  of 

Per 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

cards 
tabu- 
lated 

cent 
of 
total 

per 
cent 

per 
cent 

6 

25 

25 

15 

1 

72 

2.7 

2.7 

100  0 

5th  
6th 

7 
21 

33 
99 

51 

164 

34 
119 

2 
5 

i 

127 
409 

4.8 
15.4 

7.5 
22.9 

97.3 
92.5 

7th  
8th  
1st  high  school  
2d 

18 
33 

331 

283 
35 

330 

442 
44 
22 

151 
212 
37 
30 

8 
26 
7 
9 

i 

838 
996 
123 
62 

31.6 
37.5 
4.7 
2.3 

54.5 
92.0 
96.7 
99  0 

77.1 
45.5 
8.0 
3 

3d                      

12 

4 

i 

17 

.6 

99.6 

1.0 

4th  1  

9 

2 

11 

.4 

100.0 

.4 

Total            .    .  . 

85 

806 

1,078 

610 

71 

5 

2,655 

100.0 

3  2 

30  3 

40  7 

23  0 

2  6 

2 

100  0 

3  2 

33  5 

74  2 

97  2 

99  8 

100.0 

100  0 

96  8 

66  5 

25  8 

2  8 

2 

Correlation  Between  Age  Leaving  School  and  Last  Grade  Completed  for  all 

Boys  Having  a  Father  as  Guardian 
TABLE  No.  8-DD  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 

American    and   Foreign    Combined 


4th  or  under  
5th  

39 
24 

211 
59 

219 
100 

264 
157 

7 
11 

740 
351 

5.2 
2.4 

5.2 
7.6 

100.0 
94.  8 

6th  
7th  .  . 
8th  
1st  high  school  
2d 

36 
69 
251 

212 
1,001 
1,808 
380 

364 
1,280 
2,727 
602 
375 

359 
681 
1,327 
315 
467 

17 
51 
147 
74 
96 

1 
1 

12 
9 
8 

989 
3,083 
6,272 
1,380 
946 

6.9 
21.6 
43.9 
9.7 
6.6 

14.5 
36.1 
80.0 
89.7 
96.3 

92.4 
85.5 
63. 
20.0 
10.  3 

3d  

250 

109 

21 

380 

2.6 

98.9 

3.7 

4th   

137 

23 

160 

1.1 

100.0 

1.1 

Total 

419 

3  671 

5  667 

3  820 

649 

75 

14  301 

100  0 

Per  cent  of  total  

2.9 

25.6 

39.9 

26.6 

4.5 

.5 

100.0 

2  9 

28  5 

68  4 

95  0 

99  5 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

97.1 

71.5 

31.6 

5.0 

.5 



Correlation  Between  Age  Leaving  School  and  Last  Grade  Completed  for  all 

Boys  Having  a  Guardian  Other  Than  Father 

TABLE  No.  8-EE  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 

American    and   Foreign    Combined 


4th  or  under.  .  .  . 
5th  

19 
8 

53 
27 

42 
30 

47 
37 

"2 

161 
104 

4.4 

2.8 

4.4  1 
7.2 

100.0 
95.  6 

6th  

7th 

13 
25 

80 
374 

113 
384 

98 
172 

8 
13 

312 
968 

8.5 
26  5 

15.7 
42  2 

92.8 
84    3 

8th 

77 

547 

626 

309 

41 

3 

1  603 

43  9 

86  1 

57    8 

1st  high  school  .  . 
2d 

101 

94 
54 

55 
66 

17 
19 

2 
2 

269 
*    141 

7.4 
3  8 

93.5 
97  3 

13.9 
6  5 

3d 

40 

22 

2 

64 

1  8 

99  1 

2   7 

4th  1  

26 

6 

32 

.9 

100.0 

9 

Total  

142 

1,182 

1,343 

824 

148 

15 

3,654 

100.0 

Per  cent  of  total  .... 

3.9 

32  4 

36.7 

22.6 

4.0 

.4 

100.0 

Cum  per  cent 

3  9 

36  3 

73  0 

95  6 

99  6 

100  0 

Cum.  per  cent  

100.0 

96.1 

63.7 

27.0 

4.4 

.4 

288 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 
Correlation  Between  Age  Leaving  School  and  Last  Grade  Completed  for  all 

Boys  Having  a  Mother 

TABLE  No.  8-FF  —  GREATER  NEW  YORK 

American  and  Foreign  Combined 


LAST  GRADE 

Co  -PLETED 

AGES 

No.  of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 

Per 

cent 
of 
total 

Cum. 
per 
cent 

Cum. 
per 
cent 

—14 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 
2 

"is 

13 
9 
25 

74 

4th  or  under  
5th 

83 
28 
45 
82 
298 

54 
72 
260 
1,243 
2,152 
438 

80 
121 
425 
1,497 
3,085 
663 
590 

91 
164 
411 
775 
1,490 
337 
502 
439 

7 
16 
23 
57 
175 
76 
103 
119 
254 

317 
401 
1,164 
3,654 
7,213 
1,525 
1,204 
583 
328 

1.9 
2.5 
7.1 
22.3 
44.0 
9.3 
7.3 
3.6 
2.0 

1.9 
4.4 
11.5 

33.8 
77.8 
87.1 
94.4 
98.0 
100.0 

100.0 
98.1 
95.6 
88.5 
66.2 
22.2 
12.9 
5.6 
2.0 

6th  

7th  
8th 

1st  high  school  
2d  

3d  

4th 

Total  
Per  cent  of  total  
Cum.  per  cent  
Cum.  per  cent  

536 

4,217 

6,461 

4,209 

830 

136 

16,389 

100.0 

3.2 

25.6 

39.3 

25.6 

5.5 

.8 

100.0 

3.2 
100.0 

28.8 

68.1 

93.7 

99.2 

100.0 

96.8 

71.2 

31.9 

6.3 

.8 





_ 

Correlation  Between  Age  Leaving  School  and  Last  Grade  Completed  for  all 

Boys  Having   No  Mother 
TABLE  No.  8-GG  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 

American  and  Foreign  Combined 


4th  or  under 

8 

7 

4 

7 

26 

2.1 

2.1 

100  0 

5th 

4 

12 

8 

25 

49 

3  9 

6  0 

97  9 

6th 

3 

25 

40 

40 

4 

112 

9.0 

15.0 

94.0 

7th 

4 

109 

134 

68 

7 

322 

25.8 

40  8 

85  0 

8th 

26 

158 

206 

115 

10 

515 

41  4 

82  2 

59  2 

1st  high  school  
2d                  

42 

22 
32 

24 
26 

8 
8 

96 
66 

7.8 
5  3 

90.0 
95  3 

17.8 
10  0 

3d 

23 

16 

39 

3  1 

98  4 

4  7 

4th  

18 

2 

20 

1.6 

100.0 

1.6 

Total 

45 

353 

446 

328 

71 

9 

1,245 

100  0 

Per  cent  of  total  

3.6 

28.4 

35.8 

26.3 

5.7 

.2 

100.0 

3  6 

32  0 

67  8 

94  1 

99  8 

100  0 

Cum  per  cent  

100  0 

96  4 

68  0 

32  2 

5  9 

2 

OUR  BOYS 


289 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

AGES  AND  GRADES 

Correlation  Between  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Rank  in  Family 

TABLE  No.  8-MM  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 

American   and  Foreign   Combined 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

RANK  IN  FAMILY 

No.  of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 

Oldest* 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th  + 

4th  or  under  
oth  
6th  
7th  
8th 

4.5 
3.7 
16.0 
20.6 
31.1 
12.1 
8.2 
2.2 
1.6 

4.4 
3.8 
13.9 
22.6 
36.8 
12.6 
2.3 
2.4 
1.2 

4.1 
4.3 
15.2 
23.6 
32.0 
12.2 
6.2 
1.6 
.8 

4.1 
4.7 
16.4 
24.0 
31.4 
11.0 
5.9 
1.9 
.6 

4.0 
4.9 
16.5 
25.4 
31.2 
9.5 
5.9 
1.9 
.7 

3.6 
4.6 
15.6 
23.4 
33.2 
11.0 
5.8 
1.4 
1.4 

3.8 
5.3 
14.7 
24.4 
32.8 
10.6 
5.3 
2.6 
.5 

1.6 
6.4 
18.6 
23.4 
32.4 
13.8 
2.7 

i.i 

3.0 
6.0 
26.0 
32.0 
26.0 
6.0 
1.0 

2.0 
4.0 
12.0 
29.0 
33.0 
12.0 
4.0 
1.0 
3.0 

551 
552 
2,088 
2,991 
4,111 
1,531 
862 
264 
147 

1st  high  school.  . 
2d  
3d 

4th  
Total  per  cent.  . 
Total 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 



3,443 

3,221 

2,390 

1,608 

1,064 

642 

341 

188 

100 

100 

13,097 

TABLE  No.  8-NN  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 

American   and   Foreign    Combined 


E 

ANK  IN 

FAMILY 

r 

No.  of 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Oldest* 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th  + 

cards 
tabu- 
lated 

4th  or  under.  .  .  . 
5th  
6th  
7th  
8th 

5.0 
6.8 
19.1 
21.4 
25  3 

5.3 

6.2 
16.1 
22.3 
28  3 

5.2 
5.4 
17.5 
23.4 
28  4 

4.3 
5.0 
18.9 
23.4 
27.3 

5.7 
6.7 
16.5 
23.5 
25.6 

4.5 

8.5 
18.5 
21.4 
31.8 

5.2 
4.7 
21.7 
25.9 
27.5 

2.3 
6.9 
20.7 
34.5 
23.0 

7.3 
7.3 
25.4 
23.6 
29.1 

7.4 

3.7 
27.2 
22.2 

27.2 

346 
422 
1,231 
1,548 
1,857 

1st  hij:h  school.. 
2d 

13.0 
6  7 

12.0 
6.2 

12.2 
5.8 

11.4 
6.0 

13.1 
6.7 

7.2 

5.8 

9.3 

4.7 

10.3 
2.3 

5.5 

8.6 
3.7 

813 
415 

3d  
4th  

1.9 

.8 

2.2 
1.4 

1.4 

.7 

2.4 
1.3 

1.5 

.7 

1.6 

.7 

.5 
.5 

1.8 

126 
65 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

Total  

1,850 

1,689 

1,161 

817 

582 

308 

193 

87 

55 

81 

6,823 

TABLE   No.  8-00  — VILLAGES   OVER  5,000 
American   and   Foreign    Combined 


E 

L.ANK  IN 

FAMILI 

No.  of 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Oldest* 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th  + 

cards 
tabu- 
lated 

4th  or  under  .... 
5th  
6th 

5.6 
7.5 

16.7 

6.5 

6.0 
11  .  6 

4.4 
5.5 

18.8 

6.5 
5.9 
20.3 

3.7 

5.4 
17.9 

2.4 
7.7 
20.8 

4.4 
6.6 
24.2 

2.9 
2.9 
17.7 

5.4 
13.5 
27.1 

6.7 
10.0 
6.7 

209 
249 
682 

7th  
8th  
1st  high  school.  . 
2d  
3d  
4th  

21.9 
27.5 
11.1 
6.3 
1.8 
1.6 

22.5 
29.5 
11.9 
6.5 
1.3 
1.2 

21.2 
28.8 
13.0 
5.8 
1.5 
1.0 

22.5 
26.8 
9.7 
5.7 

2.2 

.4 

28.6 
27.9 
9.4 
4.4 
2.0 
.7 

22.6 
28.0 
8.3 
6.0 
1.8 
2.4 

22.0 
23.0 
11.0 
5.5 
1.1 
2.2 

26.5 
29.4 
7.4 
10.3 
2.9 

16.2 
24.3 
5.4 
8.1 

33.3 
40.0 
3.3 

885 
1,100 
431 
235 
65 
45 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100.0 

100  0 

100  0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Total  

998 

994 

725 

493 

297 

168 

91 

68 

37 

30 

3,901 

*  Boys  coming  from  families  of  only  one  child  omitted 

10 


290 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

Correlation  Between  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Rank  in  Family 
TABLE  No.  8-PP  — PLACES  UNDER  5,000 

American   and   Foreign    Combined 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

RANK  IN  FAMILY 

No.  of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 

Oldest* 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th  + 

4th  or  under  
5th... 

4.4 
5.9 
17.3 
22.9 
26.2 
11.2 
7.7 
1  9 

4.1 
6.4 
17.6 
24.2 
27.0 
10.7 
6.1 
2  0 

4.2 
5.7 
17.4 
23.8 
27.4 
12.1 
5.8 
1  8 

3.6 
7.7 
16.8 
26.6 
27.8 
8.8 
5.1 
1  4 

6.9 
6.3 
18.1 
24.1 
25.8 
11.7 
4.2 
1  7 

3.9 
6.9 
22.6 
25.1 
26.7 
7.1 
4.9 
1  5 

4.0 
8.0 
20.4 
26.5 
25.8 
8.9 
4.0 
6 

2.7 
9.8 
20.2 
27.4 
27.4 
8.1 
2.2 
1  1 

3.8 
8.5 
20.8 
29.1 
24.6 
7.5 
5.7 

5.7 
9.4 
20.8 
23.5 
28.4 
8.5 
2.8 
.9 

480 
715 
1,970 
2,676 
2,947 
1,174 
659 
199 
209 

6th.. 

7th 

8th.... 

1st  high  school.  . 
2d... 

3d   . 

4th  

2.5 

1.9 

1.8 

2.2 

1.2 

1.3 

1.8 

1.1 

Total  per  cent.  . 
Total.  .  .  . 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 



2,856 

2,806 

1,944 

1,273 

897 

529 

326 

186 

106 

106 

11,029 

TABLE  No.  8-QQ  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American  Boys  with  Two  American  Parents 


R 

ANK  IN 

FAMILY 

No.  of 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Oldest* 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th  + 

cards 
tabu- 
lated 

4th  or  under  
5th 

4.5 
1  6 

5.8 
2  2 

3.7 
1  8 

2.7 
3  0 

1.2 
1  2 

1.4 
2  9 

1.5 
2  9 

11.1 
5  5 

.... 

163 
79 

6th  

6.8 

6.5 

6.6 

6.5 

8.1 

6.5 

14.7 

4.3 

11.1 

10.0 

270 

7th     . 

20  9 

22  7 

26  2 

24  1 

28  9 

30  2 

23  6 

34  9 

11.1 

45  0 

927 

8th  

42.9 

42.7 

46.0 

45.9 

43.9 

45.3 

41.2 

52.2 

44.7 

30.0 

1,713 

1st  high  school.  . 
2d 

12.2 
7  0 

9.8 
6  9 

8.5 
5  7 

8.7 
4  8 

9.4 
4  5 

7.9 
2  9 

8.8 
4  4 

4.3 
4.3 

5.5 
5.5 

5.0 
10  0 

391 
240 

3d.. 

3.0 

2.2 

.9 

3.4 

1.2 

2.9 

2.9 

5.5 

91 

4th          

1.1 

1  2 

.6 

.9 

1.6 

39 

Total  per  cent.  . 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Total  

1,162 

1,131 

669 

437 

246 

139 

68 

23 

18 

20 

3,913 

TABLE  No.  8-RR  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American  Boys  with  One  American  Parent 


R 

ANK  IN 

FAMILY 

No.  of 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Oldest* 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th  + 

cards 
tabu- 
lated 

4th  or  under  .... 
5th  

4.8 
1.9 

3.4 
3.0 

6.5 
1.7 

3.4 
2.2 

4.4 
1.8 

6.8 
3.4 

9.4 
3.1 

'5'.3 

'9.i 

12.  5 

75 
39 

6th 

5.7 

5  9 

6  2 

6  2 

6  2 

13  5 

3  1 

10  5 

9  1 

101 

7th  
8th  
1st  high  school.  . 
2d  
3d  

20.2 
45.8 
11.4 
6.3 
2.7 

26.4 
42.8 
9.3 
7.0 
1.8 

19.5 
45.9 
9.3 
6.1 

3.8 

17.0 
52.0 
13.5 
5.1 
.6 

25.7 
49.6 
2.6 
4.4 
4.4 

20.4 
35.6 
13.5 
3.4 
1.7 

22.0 
50.0 
6.2 
6.2 

42.1 
42.1 

63!6 
9.1 
9.1 

50.0 
37.5 

359 
742 
160 
98 
39 

4th            

1.2 

.4 

1.0 

9 

1  7 

13 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

Total  

475 

440 

292 

177 

113 

59 

32 

19 

11 

8 

1,626 

Boys  coming  from  families  of  only  one  child  omitted. 


OUR  BOYS 


291 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

Correlation  Between  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Rank  in  Family 
TABLE  No.  8-SS  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American  Boys  with  Two  Foreign  Parents 


R 

ANK  IN 

FAMILY 

No.  of 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Oldest* 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th  + 

cards 
tabu- 
lated 

4th  or  under  .... 
5th... 

4.9 
1.6 

4.5 
1.8 

4.8 
2  5 

5.0 
1  7 

5.4 
2  2 

6.1 
1  1 

2.3 
1.1 

3.5 
2.4 

3.7 

7.4 

10.3 

336 
133 

6th 

6  3 

7  0 

7  2 

5  2 

6  7 

5  0 

6  8 

2  4 

3  7 

6  9 

450 

7th  
8th     . 

21.4 
48.5 

23.9 
47  7 

22.3 
48  5 

22.6 
48  1 

19.4 
46  9 

27.0 
46  4 

21.6 
42  1 

27.4 
40  5 

18.5 
40  8 

20.7 
38  0 

1,572 
3  322 

1st  high  school.  . 

8.2 
5.6 

7.5 
5.1 

6.8 
5  0 

8.2 
6  0 

8.9 
7  5 

5.8 
5  8 

12.5 
10  2 

14.3 
4  8 

18.5 
3  7 

17.3 
3  4 

555 
395 

3d 

2  5 

1  8 

2  0 

2  6 

2  2 

2  0 

2  8 

3  5 

3  7 

3  4 

155 

4th 

1  i 

7 

g 

6 

g 

g 

6 

1  2 

58, 

Total  per  cent.  . 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Total...   . 

1,572 

1  747 

1  428 

924 

629 

360 

176 

84 

27 

29 

6  97  &" 

' 

TABLE  No.  8-TT  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
Foreign   Boys   with    Two   Foreign    Parents 


K 

ANK  IN 

FAMILI 

No.  of 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Oldest* 

2d 

2d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

lOth-H 

cards 
tabu- 
lated 

4th  or  under  .... 

5.8 

6.9 

5.7 

6.0 

6  2 

6  3 

3.6 

4.3 

198 

5th.... 

5.1 

4  8 

5  3 

3  7 

5  4 

6  3 

157 

6th. 

9  5 

13  1 

11  1 

13  2 

11  2 

6  3 

17  8 

34  8 

14  3 

379 

7th... 

27.0 

21  5 

30  4 

26  7 

22  8 

21  3 

21  4 

43  5 

36  3 

14  3 

841 

8th.... 

39  6 

41  1 

37  1 

33  5 

42  8 

40  2 

41  1 

6  5 

54  6 

28  6 

1  267 

1st  high  school.  . 
2d..    .  
3d 

6.3 
3.7 
2  2 

5.8 
4.8 
1  0 

5.7 
2.8 
1  4 

8.0 
6.6 
1  7 

5.4 
2.5 
1  6 

9.5 
6.3 
2  3 

10.7 
1.8 
3  6 

4.3 
2.2 
2  2 

9  i 

28.5 
14.3 

209- 
135 
57 

4th  

.8 

1  0 

5 

6 

2  1 

1  5 

2  2 

30' 

Total  per  cent.  . 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Total... 

1  020 

856 

560 

349 

241 

127 

56 

46 

11 

7 

3  27  S 

TABLE  No.  8-UU  — CITIES  OVER   25,000 
American  Boys  with   Two  American  Parents 


R 

ANK  IN 

FAMILY 

No.  of 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Oldest* 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

lOth-H 

cards 
tabu- 
lated 

4th  or  under..   . 
5th 

5.0 
2  2 

5.3 
1  9 

4.3 
3  7 

5.3 
4  3 

5.0 
4  8 

4.1 
2  1 

6.1 
6  9 

3.0 
4  5 

3.3 
6  6 

5.0 
7  5 

28S 
174 

6th  

11.1 

10.5 

11.9 

13.4 

16.5 

12.9 

13.0 

19.7 

23.4 

17.5 

700 

7th.... 

17  8 

21.1 

22.4 

24.7 

24.6 

28  2 

21  4 

18  2 

33  3 

30  0 

1,246 

8th  
1st  high  school  . 
2d  
3d 

33.2 
14.3 
11.2 
3  2 

33.8 
14.6 
8.4 
3  1 

32.6 
14.1 
8.2 
1  8 

30.6 
12.7 
6.5 
2  4 

29.4 
9.1 
6.8 
3  0 

34.0 
12.1 
3.7 

g 

38.2 
7.6 
4.6 
1  5 

31.9 
19.7 
3.0 

33.4 

27.5 
5.0 
5.0 

1,904 
783 
490 
153- 

4th  

2.0 

1.3 

1.0 

.1 

.8 

2.1 

.7 

2.5 

75 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

100  0 

Total... 

1,644 

1,549 

1,061 

656 

395 

241 

131 

66 

30 

40 

5,813? 

*  Boys  coming  from  families  of  only  one  child  omitted. 


292 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

Correlation  Between  Last  Grade  Completed  and  Rank  in  Family 

TABLE  No.  8-W  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 

American   Boys  with  One  American   Parent 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

RANK  IN  FAIMLY 

No.  of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 

Oldest* 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th  + 

4th  or  under  
5th 

2.5 
2.8 
11.1 
18.1 
36.0 
15.6 
10.3 
1.9 
1.7 

2.2 
2.6 
15.3 
22.1 
28.4 
15.5 
7.7 
4.3 
1.9 

2.3 
2.5 
13.1 
18.5 
37.7 
14.1 
7.3 
2.9 
1.6 

2.4 
1.9 
17  A 
24.3 
32.5 
11.7 
6.8 
1.5 
1.5 

4.0 
2.6 
12.5 
21.0 
34.2 
15.8 
6.6 
2.0 
1.3 

1.3 
2.5 

16.7 
21.8 
34.6 
15.4 

7.7 

'2'.7 
24.3 
13.5 
29.7 
21.7 
5.4 

isio 

17.4 

21.8 
34.9 
4.3 
4.3 



40 
46 
243 
356 

582 
256 
138 
42 
28 

6th.  

16.7 
41.6 
25.0 
16.7 

11.7 
35.3 
35.3 
11.7 
6.0 

7th 

8th 

1st  high  school.  . 
2d  

3d  
4th 

2.7 

4.3 

Total  per  cent.  . 
Total  

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

475 

418 

313 

206 

152 

78 

37 

23 

12 

17 

1,731 

TABLE  No.  8-WW  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American  Boys  with   Two  Foreign  Parents 


B 

,ANK  IN 

FAMIL" 

r 

No.  of 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Oldest* 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th  + 

cards 
tabu- 
lated 

4th  or  under  
5th  
6th.. 

3.6 
4.0 
20  5 

3.4 
4.3 
21  0 

3.2 
3.4 

18  1 

3.0 
3.9 
17  8 

3.2 

4.8 
16  6 

3.4 
4.4 
15  5 

1.3 

4.1 
12  3 

'3.6 
19  0 

'&.7 
33  3 

77 

121 
162 
746 

7th  
8th  
1st  high  school.  . 
2d  
3d 

25.4 
29.6 
9.4 
4.5 

1  7 

26.6 
30.0 
8.5 
3.6 
1  3 

27.5 
31.4 
10.3 

4.4 
1  2 

23.7 
33.5 
10.6 
5.5 
1  5 

28.8 
31.9 
7.8 
5.5 
9 

21.3 
34.8 
9.5 
7.3 
2  3 

30.8 
30.8 
10.5 
6.1 
4   1 

27.4 
35.6 
13.2 
1.2 

31.0 
20.0 
6.7 
2.3 

25.6 
38.4 
20.5 

2  6 

1,044 
1,253 
380 
187 
59 

4th  

1.3 

1.3 

.5 

.5 

.5 

1.5 

5.2 

36 

Total  per  cent.  . 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Total  

769 

836 

762 

598 

436 

273 

146 

84 

45 

39 

3  988 

TABLE  No.  8-XX  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 
Foreign  Boys  with   Two  Foreign  Parents 


JH 

,ANK  IN 

t>  AMILl 

r 

No.  of 

LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Oldest* 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 

10th  + 

cards 
tabu- 
lated 

4th  or  under  
5th 

6.1 

8.7 

5.7 

10  8 

9.4 
11  8 

5.2 
14  2 

3.7 
9  9 

6.0 

22  0 

11.1 

7  4 

6.6 
20  0 

15.4 

7  7 

25  6 

102 
170 

6th  
7th  

8th 

28.1 
24.2 
22.9 

26.8 
20.8 
24  0 

22.1 
22.5 
24  0 

22.3 
21.7 
25  0 

23.5 
18.5 
30  9 

26.0 
14.0 
18  0 

22.2 
18.6 
22  2 

13.4 
26.8 
13  4 

15.4 
23.0 
30  8 

25^6 
25  0 

399 
345 

372 

1st  high  school.  . 
2cl  
3d 

6.1 
2.9 
.3 

8.6 
3.1 

.2 

6.7 
2.3 

.8 

5.6 
3.4 
1  3 

9.9 
2.4 
1  2 

8.0 
4.0 
2.0 

11.1 
3.7 
3  7 

6.6 
6.6 

7.7 

25  '.6 

112 
47 
10 

4th 

7 

4. 

1  3 

6  6 

8 

Total  per  cent.  . 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Total  

555 

418 

254 

148 

81 

50 

27 

15 

13 

4 

1,565 

*  Boys  coming  from  families  of  only  one  child  omitted. 


OUR  BOYS 


293 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

REASONS  FOR  LEAVING  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.  9-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


CITIES 

Wanted 
to 
work 

Firuinciiii 

Gradu- 
ated 

Dis- 
liked 
school 

Miscel- 
laneous 

Sick 

Total 
per 
cent 

Popu- 
lation 
of  em- 
ployed 

boys 

Albany  

67.0 

11.9 

5.7 

11.9 

1.7 

1.8 

100.0 

2,542 

Amsterdam  

78.4 

10.4 

1.2 

7.6 

1.6 

.8 

100.0 

810 

Auburn  

59.9 

16.3 

3.7 

15.6 

2.8 

1.7 

100.0 

829 

Binghamton  

63.3 

20.3 

2.3 

9.4 

1.5 

3.2 

100.0 

1,356 

Buffalo  

69.0 

9.9 

11.4 

8.1 

.3 

1.3 

100.0 

11,257 

Elmira 

60.3 

11.2 

12  6 

10  6 

1  8 

3.5 

100  0 

971 

Jamestown  

48.2 

28.8 

2.'6 

18i3 

.7 

1.4 

ioo!o 

838 

Kingston 

79  0 

8.2 

4  7 

5  4 

1  2 

1  5 

100  0 

553 

Newburgh  

74.6 

10.2 

2> 

n!o 

.7 

.8 

100  !o 

857 

New  Rochelle 

81.7 

4.1 

8.2 

5.1 

.2 

.7 

100.0 

700 

Niagara  Falls  

68.1 

13.5 

2.1 

13.9 

.3 

2.1 

100.0 

760 

Oswego 

56  9 

16  2 

5 

20  3 

3.0 

3  0 

100  0 

1  ,  147 

Mt.  Vernon  

67.4 

6.0 

19.5 

6.9 

'.2 

ioo!o 

*546 

Poughkeepsie  
Rochester  

73.0 
56.0 

9.2 
13.9 

2.5 
15.7 

11.9 
9.1 

"'2!2 
3.5 

1.2 
1.8 

100.0 
100.0 

698 
6,322 

Schenectady  

52.0 

23.6 

3.5 

17.7 

1.4 

1.8 

100.0 

1,821 

Syracuse  

67.2 

11.0 

5.2 

14.6 

.2 

1.8 

100.0 

3,874 

Troy  

63.3 

15.7 

5.0 

13.3 

3 

2.4 

100.0 

1,658 

Utica 

60  0 

21  5 

2  7 

10  9 

2  7 

2.2 

100  0 

2,241 

Watertown  

78.0 

3.6 

2'.6 

ll!2 

'.2 

4^4 

100  !o 

'669 

Yonkers 

69.4 

5.3 

17.2 

7.9 

o 

100.0 

2,241 

New  York.. 

51.0 

10.8 

30.8 

3.3 

3.2 

.9 

inn  o 

1  24  70S 

TABLE  No.  9-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia  
Beacon  

44.9 
58.8 

40.6 
17.8 

.5 

1.8 

11.7 
18.3 

.2 

2.1 
3.3 

100.0 
100.0 

268 

271 

Canandaigua  
Cohoes  
Corning  

Cortland  
Dunkirk  
Fulton  
Geneva  
Glen  Cove. 

72.1 
59.2 
63.2 

80.0 
37.8 
79.0 
53.8 
86  3 

13.6 
15.2 
13.0 

10.0 
34.0 
9.8 
9.4 

1  7 

1.4 
2.7 
2.5 

"i'.s 

1.0 

3.9 

1  7 

6.8 
21.7 
15.3 

6.6 
23.2 

8.7 
27.8 
8  6 

4.7 
.5 
3.5 

'".5 
.5 
1.8 

1.4 
.7 
2.5 

3.4 
2.7 
1.0 
3.3 

1  7 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

119 
561 
322 

235 

414 
262 
252 
252 

Glens  Falls  
Gloversville  
Hornell  
Hudson  
Ithaca 

53.1 
55.5 
65.7 
66.5 
60  5 

16.2 
21.4 
11.2 
20.1 
16  7 

6.9 
.7 
3.1 
.6 

1  7 

22.6 

18.2 
18.3 
8.5 
15  0 

"lA 
A 
1.2 
1  i 

1.2 
2.8 
1.3 
3.1 
5  0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

322 

536 
319 
247 
243 

Johnstown  
Lackawanna  
Little  Falls  
Lockport  
Mechanicville  

55.4 
66.4 
67.6 
64.3 
41.5 

18.5 
11.2 
11.1 
18.1 
38.7 

5.7 
3.6 
2.4 
2.5 
2.5 

17.2 
18.4 
16.9 
9.7 
15.8 

.6 

"'.7 
1.6 
1.0 

2.6 
.4 
1.3 
3.8 
.5 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

Middletown  
No.  Tonawanda  
Norwich  
Ogdensburg  
Olean 

43.0 
53.3 
51.6 
82.4 
54.4 

29.3 
30.2 
20.9 
6.5 
26  0 

1.5 
1.3 
2.2 

20 

22.8 
11.8 
20.9 
9.1 
13.5 

.4 

.8 
2.2 
.7 
8 

3.0 
2.6 
2.2 
1.3 
3  3 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

Oneida  
Oneonta 

79.2 

68.7 

6.4 
19.4 

.8 
2.5 

12.0 
8.2 

1.6 
1.2 

100.0 
100  0 

244 
243 

Plattsburg  
Port  Jervis  
Rensselaer  .  .  . 

75.5 
62.9 
70.0 

7.6 

28.4 
6.8 

"i'.Q 
11.0 

14.4 
4.3 
8.4 

.6 

1.9 
2.5 
3.8 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

205 
211 
209 

294  OUR  BOYS 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

REASONS  FOR  LEAVING  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.  9-B  —  CITIES  UNDER  25,COO  —  (Concluded) 


CITIES 

Wanted 
to 
work 

Financial 

Gradu- 
ated 

Dis- 
liked 
school 

Miscel- 
laneous 

Sick 

Total 
per 
cent 

Popu- 
lation 
of  em- 
ployed 
boys 

florae  

81.6 
63.3 
80.8 
52.4 
68.7 

72.8 

FABLE 

90  3 

2.9 
20.6 
8.7 
16.7 
17.3 

7.2 

No.  9-C 

1.3 
2.7 
2.9 
3.1 

2.7 

7.6 

—  VIL] 

6.5 
4.3 
2.8 
.9 

11.6 

10.7 
4.0 
25.9 
8.6 

10.8 

.AGES 

3.2 
8.3 
9.2 
3.7 

15.7 

13.9 
9.6 
6.0 
2.4 
13.4 

12.2 
2.1 
21.1 
22.7 
2.9 

20.9 
2.5 
5.7 
6.0 

22.4 

9.4 
5.6 
3.9 
15.2 
3.8 

'"4.2 
9.6 
3.8 
3.3 

1.2 
16.7 
20.4 
16.9 
14.7 

2.7 
20.0 
11.2 
5.5 
22.4 

23.2 

2.6 
2.7 
2.3 
1.9 
2.4 

.8 
>,000 

'i'.s 

3.7 
3.6 

2.8 

'"4;6 

3^3 

1.3 
4.1 
1.8 
3.3 

4.1 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

528 
189 
289 
230 
393 

457 

165 
96 
148 
164 
95 

204 
155 
120 
140 
249 

120 
108 
62 
215 
153 

134 
28 
163 
153 
111 

128 
136 
90 
72 
217 

72 
107 
292 
72 
388 

56 
137 
100 
147 
157 

85 
144 
68 
115 
73 

118 

^"Salamanca  
Saratoga  Springs  

1.3 

Tona  wanda 

Watervliet.  .  .    . 

.3 

.8 

OVER  £ 

"io'.4 

2.8 
"  Y.7 

"i'.s 

White  Plains  

i 

VILLAGES 
Albion  .... 

<5atskill 

66.6 
52.3 
42.5 
66.2 

61.1 
78.0 
83.0 
95.2 
48.3 

55.9 
54.1 
68.0 
51.5 
83.1 

72.4 
92.5 
82.7 
81.0 
67.3 

82.3 
68.0 
90.7 
55.7 
78.5 

70.0 
88.4 
76.2 
80.9 
14.9 

92.4 
72.1 
65.3 
59.1 
76.8 

85.9 
70.0 
78.7 
80.0 
65.2 

52.5 

20.8 
33.9 
38.8 
14.5 

16.6 
1.4 
4.0 
2.4 
31.2 

29.3 
38.7 
6.4 
15.8 
7.0 

3.7 

Depew  

Endicott  

Freeport 

2.8 
11.0 
3.0 

'Hastings  

H  a  verstra  w 

Hempstead  
Herkimer.  . 

1.1 

1.3 
1.0 

.9 
6.7 
2.9 

1.5 
2.5 
1.4 
6.0 

4.2 

1.2 
2.8 
2.3 
3.5 
2.5 

5.0 

4.2 
2.1 

"2'.3 

3.8 
7.4 
2.0 

'"2'.4 
5.7 

'4'.5 
2.6 

Hoosick  Falls  

Hudson  Falls  

Ilion.    .          ... 

Johnson  City  
Lancaster  .... 

1.5 
2.5 

.7 

Lawrence  
.Malone  

"'3:7 

"4!i 

5.8 
7.0 
2.0 

7.1 
18.0 
3.1 
20.3 
13.3 

10.0 
2.1 
10.0 
3.8 
64.2 

2.6 
1.9 
4.1 
12.7 
4.9 

5.7 
7.8 
7.9 
11.0 
6.8 

18.3 

.Mamaroneck  
Massena  

Newark      

2.8 

2.8 

'"4'.4 
1.9 

15.0 
1.1 
2.1 
11.5 
14.6 

'.No   Tarrytown 

Nyack  
Ossining 

.9 

"Owego  

Patchogue 

'Peekskill 

Penn  Yan  
Port  Chester  

"Port  Washington  
Rockville  Center 

.7 

1.9 
8.2 
1.4 
1.2 

Seneca  Falls  
Solvay 

9.9 

Tarrytown  
Walden  ...              .    . 

"  i  .  i 

.8 

2.2 
1.1 
3.5 
1.1 

2.6 

Waterf  ord  

"  Waver  ly  

Wellsville 

'Whitehall  

OUR  BOYS 


295 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

KIND^OP  SCHOOL  LAST  ATTENDED 
TABLE  No.  10-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


CITIES 

SCHOOL 

Total 
per 
cent 

Popu- 
lation 
of  em- 
ployed 
boys 

Public 

Parochial 

Private 

Voca- 
tional 

f** 

Albany  

81.6 
70.8 
79.7 
88.4 
78.5 

80.2 
88.4 
83.6 
84.8 
91.5 

88.8 
90.8 
94.6 
90.3 
75.7 

91.7 
91.2 
75.3 
86.8 
99.6 

82.6 
89.3 

12.5 
19.8 
16.6 
8.2 
13.7 

7.3 
8.5 
11.7 
0.8 
5.7 

7.5 
7.8 
2.7 
7.7 
13.2 

5.9 
7.4 
15.8 
7.0 
.4 

12.5 
6.3 

1.9 
3.4 
3.3 
2.9 
2.1 

1.7 
2.6 

4.7 
7.7 
2.7 

3.5 
1.3 
2.7 
1.5 
2.5 

2.0 
1.0 
4.1 
2.0 

4.0 
6.0 
.4 
.5 
5.7 

10.8 
0.5 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

2,542 
810 
820 
1,356 
11,257 

971 
838 
553 
857 
700 

760 
1,147 
546 
698 
6,322 

1,821 
3,874 
1,658 
2,241 
669 

2,241 

124.795 

Amsterdam  

Auburn  

Binghamton 

Buffalo  

Elmira 

Jamestown  

Kingston  

Mt.  Vernon  

6.7 
.1 

.2 
.1 

'".5 
8.6 

.4 
.4 
4.8 
4.2 

Newburgh  

New  Rochelle  

Niagara  Falls 

Oswego  .  .  . 

Poughkeepsie  

Rochester 

Schenectady  .    . 

Syracuse.  .   . 

Troy. 

Utica  

Watertown  

Yonkers  
New  York*... 

4.4 
2.5 

.5 

1.9 

TABLE  No.  10-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 

268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 
252 

322 
536 
319 
247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 

*  Many  boys  in  Greater  New  York  answered  elementary  school  and  did  not  say  whether  public 
or  parochial." 


Batavia  

94  2 

4  3 

1  0 

5 

100  0  ) 

Beacon  

92  1 

6  1 

1  2 

5 

100  0 

Canandaigua 

85  0 

13  6 

1  4 

100  0 

Cohoes  

57  4 

39  0 

3  4 

2 

100  0 

Corning  

96.7 

2  0 

.3 

1.0 

100  0 

Cortland.  .  .  , 

97  2 

7 

1  4 

7 

100  0 

Dunkirk  

91  8 

7  8 

.2 

.2 

100.0 

Fulton  

99  0 

1  0 

100  0 

Geneva  

75  0 

21  0 

2  9 

1   l 

100  0 

Glen  Cove  

94  8 

4  3 

.9 

100.0 

Glens  Falls  

67  1 

32  4 

5 

100  0 

Gloversville  .... 

96.5 

3.5 

100.0 

Hornell  

96  8 

2  7 

5 

100  0 

Hudson  

88.5 

8  5 

.6 

2.4 

100.0 

Ithaca  .   . 

94  0 

3  3 

2  7 

100  0 

Johnstown  . 

99  4 

6 

100  0 

Lackawanna  .  . 
Little  Falls  

89.3 
90  1 

8.6 

7  8 

1.7 
1.4 

.4 

.7 

100.0 
100  0 

Lockport 

85  3 

10  5 

3  8 

4 

100  0 

Mechanicville  
Middletown 

77.8 
93  9 

3  0 

5.3 
3  1 

16.9 

100.0 
100  0 

No.  Tonawanda  
Norwich  .  . 

84.4 
95.6 

14.4 

.8 
3.3 

.4 
1.1 

100.0 
100  0 

Ogdensburg 

76  4 

22  2 

1  4 

100  0 

Olean  

94.5 

4.7 

.3 

.5 

100.0 

Oneida 

100  0 

100  0 

Oneonta  

97.6 

.6 

1.2 

.6 

100.0 

Plattsburg                                  

77.4 

19.5 

3.1 

100.0 

Port  Jervis.  . 

95.7 

4.3 

100  0 

Rensselaer.  .  . 

73.2 

20.0 

6.3 

.5 

100.0 

296 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

KIND  OF  SCHOOL  LAST  ATTENDED 
TABLE  No.  10-B  —  CITIES  UNDE  R  25,000  —  (Concluded] 


CITIES 

SCH 

OOL 

Total 

Popu- 
lation 

Public 

Parochial 

Private 

Voca- 
tional 

per 
cent 

ployed 
boys 

Rome  

93  2 

5  0 

1  8 

100  0 

528 

Salamanca  

87.3 

12.7 

100  0 

189 

Saratoga  Springs  

84  9 

3  5 

4  1 

7  5 

100  0 

289 

Tonawanda 

96  9 

2  5 

6 

100  0 

<>30 

Watervliet  

79  8 

10  3 

6  8 

3  1 

100  0 

3Q3 

White  Plains..  . 

89.6 

7.6 

2.4 

.4 

100.0 

457 

TABLE  No. 
VILLAGES 


10-C  —  VILLAGES   OVER   5,000 


Albion  .  .  . 

93  6 

3  2 

3  2 

100  0 

165 

Catskill  
Depew  

70.8 
81  7 

11.1 
18  3 

18.1 

100.0 
100  0 

96 
148 

Endicott  

99  1 

9 

100  0 

164 

Fredonia  
Freeport.  .  . 

98.8 
98  9 

1  i 

1.2 

100.0 
100  0 

95 

904 

Hastings  
Haverstraw 

86.2 
65  0 

5.5 
24  0 

2.8 
11  0 

5.5 

100.0 
100  0 

155 

120 

Hempstead 

97  6 

2  4 

100  0 

140 

Herkimer  
Hoo&ick  Falls  

90.9 
66.7 

2.7 
29.3 

2.1 
4  0 

4.3 

100.0 
100  0 

249 
120 

Hudson  Falls  

95  9 

1  0 

3  1 

100  0 

108 

Huntington  

96.4 

3  6 

100  0 

62 

Ilion 

96  6 

4 

1  9 

1  i 

100  0 

915 

Johnson  City  . 

99  4 

6 

100  0 

153 

Lancaster  

67.2 

32  1 

7 

100  0 

134 

Lawrence  . 

95  0 

2  5 

2  5 

100  0 

28 

Malone  
Mamaroneck  .  . 

90.4 
97  0 

8.2 
2  0 

1.4 
1  0 

100.0 
100  0 

163 
153 

Massena.  .  . 

89  9 

2  0 

7  1 

1  0 

100  0 

111 

Medina  .... 

89  3 

7  1 

2  4 

1  2 

100  0 

128 

Newark 

100  0 

100  0 

136 

North  Tarry  town.  .  .  . 
Nyack  

91.3 
83  1 

5.5 
11  5 

1.6 
5  4 

1.6 

100.0 
100  0 

90 

72 

Ossining  
Owego  

95.0 
95  0 

4.4 

.6 
5  0 



100.0 
100  0 

217 

72 

Patchogue  .  .  . 

93.7 

1.1 

4.1 

1.1 

100.0 

107 

Peekskill  

93.3 

5  1 

1  6 

100.0 

292 

Penn  Yan  .  . 

92  3 

7  7 

100  0 

72 

Port  Chester 

97  5 

1  9 

6 

100  0 

388 

Port  Washington 

97  5 

2  5 

100  0 

56 

Rockville  Center  

90.8 

1.8 

7.4 

100.0 

137 

Saranac  Lake  .... 

89  8 

10.2 

100.0 

100 

Seneca  Falls  

91  6 

8  4 

100  0 

147 

Solvay 

98  8 

1  2 

100  0 

157 

Tarry  town  

97  2 

2  8 

100.0 

85 

Walden.  .  .. 

97  8 

1   i 

1  i 

100  0 

144 

Waterf  ord  
Waver  ly... 

78.7 
100  0 

11.3 

7.8 

2.2 

100.0 
100.0 

68 
115 

Wellsville  . 

92  2 

5  6 

2  2 

100  0 

73 

Whitehall  

87.9 

2.6 

8.6 

.9 

100.0 

118 

Ous  BOYS 


297 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

SHOP  WORK  DONE  IN  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.  11-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


SHOP  WORK 

Total 

Popu- 

CITIES 

No 

training 

Wood 
working 

Miscel- 
laneous 

per 
cent 

of  em- 
ployed 
boys 

P 
Albany  .                           .... 

73.5 

23.6 

2.9 

100.0 

2,542 

Amsterdam  

64.6 

34.6 

.8 

100.0 

810 

Auburn  

64.6 
65  7 

33.4 
31.9 

2.0 
2.4 

100.0 
100.0 

829 
1,356 

Buffalo 

46  2 

45  4 

8  4 

100  0 

11,257 

Elmira 

66  3 

21.2 

12.5 

100.0 

971 

Jamestown  
Kingston                                                 

39.8 
90.5 

57.5 
7.2 

2.7 
2.3 

100.0 
100.0 

838 
553 

30  1 

46  7 

23.2 

100.0 

857 

Newburgh  
New  Rochelle 

44.5 
23  6 

53.5 
75  7 

2.0 

.7 

100.0 
100.0 

700 
760 

Niagara  Falls.                                  

63.3 

33.7 

3.0 

100.0 

1,147 

Oswego  

71.0 

27.0 

2.0 

100.0 

546 

Poughkeepsie  
Rochester 

92.0 

58.7 

6.0 
27.1 

2.0 
14.2 

100.0 
100.0 

698 
6,322 

Schenectady  
Syracuse 

51.8 
47  6 

46.8 
51.1 

1.4 
1.3 

100.0 
100.0 

1,821 

3,874 

Troy  

67.8 

26.3 

5.9 

100.0 

1,658 

Utica                                      .                    .... 

54.3 

43.0 

2.7 

100.0 

2,241 

Watertown 

97  8 

2  2 

100.0 

669 

Yonkers  . 

27.8 

65.4 

6.8 

100.0 

2,241 

New  York... 

39.2 

54.6 

6.2 

100.0 

124,795 

TABLE  No.  11-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua . 

Cohoes 

Corning 


Cortland 

Dunkirk 

Fulton 

Geneva 

Glen  Cove. . . 


Glens  Falls 

Gloversville 

Horrell 

Hudson 

Ithaca . . . 


Johnstown 

Laekawanna .... 

Little  Falls 

Lockport 

Mechanicville . . . 


Middletown 

North  Tonawanda. 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg 

Clean... 


Oneida 

Oneonta 

Plattsburg 

Port  Jervis 

Rensselaer . . . 


78.6 
94.4 
58.5 
97.5 
81.6 

71.9 
66.4 
60.8 
86.6 
12.8 

58.9 
46.7 
45.5 
71.3 
62.7 

82.2 
39.8 
74.1 
63.0 
52.6 

50.9 
53.7 
97.9 
96.6 
33.5 

66.4 
32.5 
94.9 
94.5 

85.2 


18.7 
4.4 

39.4 
2.0 

16.7 

26.6 
32.9 

38.7 
10.5 
86.3 

40.4 
52.5 
53.5 
28.1 


15.9 
58.8 
25.4 
34.0 
40.1 

47.9 

45.8 

1.1 

'62'.2 

32.8 

67.5 

4.4 

1.2 

4  2 


2.7 

100.0 

1.2 

100.0 

2.1 

100.0 

.5 

100.0 

1.7 

100.0 

1.5 

100.0 

.7 

100.0 

.5 

100.0 

2.9 

100.0 

.9 

100.0 

.7 

100.0 

.8 

100.0 

1.0 

100.0 

.6 

100.0 

.7 

100.0 

1.9 

100.0 

1.4 

100.0 

.5 

100.0 

3.0 

100.0 

7.3 

100.0 

1.2 

100.0 

.5 

100.0 

1.0 

100.0 

3.4 

100.0 

4.3 

100.0 

.8 

100.0 

100.0 

.7 

100.0 

4.3 

100.0 

10.6 

100.0 

268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 
252 

322 
536 
319 
247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 

338 
153 
325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 

209 


298 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

SHOP  WORK  DONE  IN  SCHOOL 

TABLE  No.  11-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded) 


SHOP  WORK 

Tntfll 

Popu- 

CITIES 

No 
training 

Wood 
working 

Miscel- 
laneous 

per 
cent 

of  em- 
ployed 
boys 

Rome  

59  9 

39  7 

4 

100  0 

528 

Salamanca 

99  2 

7 

1 

100  0 

189 

Saratoga  Springs  

35  8 

56  1 

8  1 

100  0 

289 

Tonawanda  .... 

37  0 

62  3 

7 

100  0 

230 

Watervliet 

89  5 

1  8 

8  7 

100  0 

393 

White  Plains.  .  . 

47.2 

52.0 

.8 

100.0 

457 

TABLE  No.  11-C 
VILLAGES 


VILLAGES  OVER    5,000 


Albion 

90  3 

6  5 

3  2 

Catskill  

90  2 

1  4 

8  4 

Depew 

92  6 

6  4 

1  0 

Endicott  

92.9 

4.2 

2.9 

Fredonia  

80  7 

19  3 

Freeport 

44  4 

55  6 

Hastings  

17  7 

79  5 

2  8 

Haverstraw.  .  .  . 

90  0 

1  0 

9  0 

Hemps  tead 

29  2 

65  9 

4  9 

Herkimer  

80  1 

18  3 

1  6 

Hoosick  Falls 

95  8 

1  3 

2  9 

Hudson  Falls  

31  6 

60  2 

8  2 

Huntington 

31  1 

68  0 

9 

Ilion  

71  3 

27  4 

1  3 

Johnson  City    .  . 

81  9 

18  0 

1 

Lancaster  

75  3 

24  6 

•  .1 

Lawrence  

27  5 

70  0 

25 

Malone 

89  5 

7  4 

3  1 

Mamaroneck  

94  0 

6  0 

Massena 

90  8 

1  0 

8  2 

Medina  

96  4 

1  2 

2  4 

Newark.  .        .    . 

65  2 

33  3 

1  5 

North  Tarrytown  .  . 

46.1 

52.3 

1.6 

Nyack  

91  9 

3  5 

4  6 

Ossining  

67  7 

31  0 

1  3 

Owego  

60  0 

40  0 

Patchogue  .  .  . 

95  6 

1  i 

3  3 

Peekskill  

72.4 

27.6 

Penn  Yan  

100  0 

Port  Chester  

3  6 

96  1 

3 

Port  Washington  
Rockville  Center     . 

90.0 

29  7 

10.0 
68  5 

is 

Saranac  Lake  . 

85  8 

2  0 

12  2 

Seneca  Falls  

98  6 

1  4 

Solvay  

25  6 

74  4 

Tarrytown.  . 
Walden  

42.9 

87  8 

54.3 
8  9 

2.8 

O      0 

Waterford.. 

61  8 

37  1 

1  1 

Waverly 

58  0 

42  0 

Wellsville  

69  7 

29  4 

9 

Whitehall 

91  3 

g 

7  8 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


OUR  BOYS 


29S* 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BEST  LIKED  STUDY 

Correlation  Between  the  Last  Grade  Completed  and  the  Best  Liked  Stutfy? 

TABLE  No.  12-F  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 

American  Boys  with   Two  American  Parents 


j 

g 

| 

"I 

I 

Num- 

LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 

1 

1, 

& 

M 

1 

1 

1 

la 

!» 

|1 

Total 
per 

cent 

ber  0  §' 
cards 
tabu- 

1 

1 

ffi 

£ 

J! 

O 

& 

a 

j 

H 

1 

lated1 

5th  ... 

38.3 

13.8 

10.6 

3.2 

13.8 

12.8 

4.3 

3.2 

100.0 

9* 

6th 

38  5 

14  0 

18  3 

1  6 

14  0 

12  0 

1  0 

g 

100  0 

301 

7th  

32.1 

10.1 

27.7 

3.1 

10.3 

.2 

14.0 

1.3 

1.2 

100.0 

1,033. 

8th  

35.2 

12.4 

27.9 

3.0 

6.5 

.4 

8.8 

2.2 

.8 

2.8 

100.0 

1,990 

1st  high  school  

35.7 

15.9 

15.7 

2.2 

2.9 

4.9 

6.7 

4.5 

3.4 

7.2 

.9 

100.0 

2d 

38  5 

17  7 

9  2 

2  8 

1  i 

5  3 

5  3 

7  8 

4  6 

5  6 

2  1 

100  0 

283- 

3d.. 

32  2 

17.3 

14  8 

2  6 

9  6 

9 

4  3 

9  6 

6  1 

2  6 

100  0 

115~« 

4th 

35  4 

10  4 

10  4 

4  2 

16  7 

10  4 

4  2 

6  2 

2  1 

100  0 

48> 

Total  

1,504 

551 

1,025 

122 

306 

67 

414 

118 

57 

132 

14 

4,3tO> 

TABLE  No.  12-G  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American  Biys  with  One  American  Parent 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

.§ 

JS 

I 

H 

H 

| 

J 

Language 

j 

I 

Commercial 

subjects 

Elementary 
science 

Advanced 
science 

Total 
per 
cent 

Num- 
ber o« 
cards- 
tabu- 
latedS 

5th... 

35.0 

10.0 

17.5 

7  5 

10.0 

15  0 

5  0 

100  0 

41. 

6th  
7th 

36.9 
36  6 

6.3 
8  2 

18.0 
25  9 

3.6 
1  6 

18.0 
10  0 

13.6 
12  9 

2.7 
1  6 

.9 
3  2 

100.0 
100  0 

in 

3  70* 

8th  
1st  high  school  
2d  
3d 

36.7 
41.5 
29.7 
41  9 

11.8 
10.9 
14.5 
11  8 

26.7 
18.9 
19.8 
9  3 

2.9 
3.5 

2.7 

4.9 
3.5 

.9 

.4 
4.5 
11.7 

9  3 

10.1 
4.1 
6.3 
2  3 

1.9 
4.5 
1.8 
9  3 

.8 
4.5 
6.3 
6  9 

3.8 
3.5 
3.6 
6  9 

.6 
2.7 
2  3 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

806- 
174 
111 

4a 

4th  1  

33.4 

20.0 

13  4 

13  4 

6  6 

6  6 

6  6 

100  0 

1& 

Total  

613 

179 

399 

45 

108 

31 

165 

42 

25 

57 

6 

1,670» 

TABLE  No.  12-H  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
American  Boys  with  Two  Foreign  Parents 


g 

bo 

•«! 

>>  a 

I 

Num- 

LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 

1 

1 

| 

|l 

bO 

1 
1 

JB 

I 

11 

|1 

j 

Total 
per 
cent 

ber  of 
cards 
tabu- 

i 

I 

s 

1 

& 

J 

1 

& 

£ 

1 

"O 

lated 

5th 

40.0 

16  7 

6  0 

2  3 

13.7 

15  3 

2  3 

3.7 

100  0 

130 

6th  

37.8 

14.2 

21.3 

1.8 

10.6 

12.2 

.8 

1.3 

100  .'O 

449" 

7th  .   . 

34  7 

11.6 

24.9 

3  7 

10  4 

12  7 

1.0 

1  0 

100.0 

1,572 

8th  

38.5 

13  9 

24  8 

3.7 

5.3 

".'4 

8.8 

1.7 

2.9 

100.0 

3,355- 

1st  high  school.  .  .   . 

35.7 

16.8 

17.9 

.3 

7.8 

4.7 

3.7 

6A 

6.1 

.5 

100.0 

565 

2d 

36.5 

13.7 

14.8 

2  2 

!5 

11  0 

2.2 

3  4 

5.6 

7  6 

2.5 

100.0 

394 

3d... 

39.1 

17.0 

9.6 

3.5 

12.2 

1.2 

1.2 

9.6 

4.7 

1.9 

ioo!o 

156 

4th 

31.0 

18.8 

18.8 

1.7 

6.1 

3.3 

10.2 

6.8 

3.3 

100.0 

58- 

Total  

2,504 

908 

1,508 

224 

415 

117 

595 

118 

74 

198 

18 

6,67^ 

300 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BEST  LIKED  STUDY 

Correlation  Between  the  Last  Grade  Completed  and  the  Best  Liked  Study 
TABLE  No.  12-1  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 

Foreign   Boys   with    Two   Foreign    Parents 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Jj 

b 

-j 

J 

| 

1 

1 

bO 

l| 

a  S 

EH*  § 

fS 

need 
science 

Total 
per 

Num- 
ber of 

cards 

^ 

p3 

5 

••—  • 

fcD 

So 

^ 

2 

£ 

P 

cent 

tabu- 

1 

i 

W 

I 

3 

8 
o 

a 

a 

1 

•a 
<! 

lated 

5th  

50.6 

16.5 

12.7 

4.4 

13.9 

1.3 

.6 

100.0 

158 

6th 

42  7 

14  8 

17  9 

1  7 

7  0 

14  5 

1  i 

3 

100  0 

358 

7th  

37.5 

11.1 

25.3 

3.2 

6.7 

2 

12.7 

1.3 

2lo 

100.0 

840 

8th  

40.4 

13.8 

23.0 

3.6 

1.8 

7 

8.5 

3.3 

g 

4.3 

100.0 

1,280 

1st  high  school  

38.1 

17.8 

13.1 

2.9 

.5 

9.2 

3.9 

2.9 

6.3 

4.3 

1.0 

100.0 

207 

2d 

39  6 

9  0 

16  4 

3  0 

7 

9  0 

5  2 

2  2 

5  2 

7  5 

2  2 

100  0 

134 

3d 

43  4 

10  0 

11  7 

1  7 

13  2 

3  3 

10  0 

1  7 

50 

100  0 

60 

4th     . 

42.0 

19  4 

22  6 

3  2 

6  4 

6  4 

100  0 

31 

Total  

1,236 

409 

654 

91 

113 

52 

305 

71 

36 

93 

8 

3,063 

TABLE  No.  12-J  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American  Boys  with  Two  American  Parents 


.2 

bC 

2 

~5  g 

>>  C 

8 

Num- 

LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 

"S 

J3 

.2 

| 

•sl 

1 

1 

i 

1 

H 

1 

|f 

*-i    OJ 

|1 

Total 
per 
cent 

ber  of 
cards 
tabu- 

1 

H 
W 

"ro 

S3 

S 

1 

CO 

1 

O 

& 

1 

W 

-a 
<! 

lated 

5th 

45  8 

9  1 

7.3 

1.1 

12  4 

20  9 

1  7 

1  7 

100  0 

177 

6th  

43.6 

5.6 

11.2 

1.1 

13^3 

23J 

1.6 

!5 

100  .0 

734 

7th  

42.3 

6.1 

17.9 

.7 

12.2 

18.9 

1.5 

.4 

100.0 

1,312 

8th  

42.2 

7.6 

27.1 

1.2 

7  2 

"'3 

10  9 

2  4 

1  1 

100  0 

2  053 

let  high  school  

41.7 

10.7 

22.5 

1.2 

3.2 

2.6 

4.4 

4.0 

'2.8 

6.3 

'".6 

100.0 

863 

2d 

39.7 

16  2 

16.9 

2  0 

1  i 

3  1 

3  4 

5  8 

6  2 

4  7 

9 

103  0 

551 

3d  

45.9 

10.5 

11.6 

3.3 

'.5 

2*2 

ill 

7^2 

e!e 

8'.3 

2^8 

100.0 

181 

4th  

45.0 

8.0 

14.7 

2.2 

2.2 

2.2 

5.7 

10.0 

10.0 

100.0 

89 

Total  

2,523 

500 

1,207 

72 

465 

52 

736 

165 

75 

141 

24 

5,960 

TABLE  No.  12-K  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American  Boys  with  One  American  Parent 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Mathematics 

I 

W 

Manual 
training 

1 

Language 

j 

tx 

1 

Commercial 
subjects 

Elementary 

science 

Advanced 
science 

Total 
per 
cent 

Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 

5th  
6th  
7th  
8th 

47.8 
45.7 
40.9 
40.3 

11.3 
6.6 

7.4 
6  1 

6.8 
9.9 
16.4 

30  7 

i.Q 
1  1 

11.3 
13.2 
9.3 

7  5 

18.2 
23.0 
22.1 
12  4 

2.3 
1.2 
1.7 
1  3 

2.3 
.4 
.3 
g 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

44 
248 
366 

1st  high  school  
2d  

48.3. 
45.6 

9.1 
13.7 

26.5 
15.7 

1.1 
1.3 

1.4 
1.9 

3".5 

5.1 

2.7 

2.9 

4.8 

1.4 
6.1 

3^9 
4  1 

.3 
.6 

100.0 
100  0 

276 
147 

3d  
1th  

52.1 
41.9' 

12.5 
12.9 

18.8 
25.9 

2.1 

4.1 

2.1 

2.1 
6.5 

6.2 
9.6 

100.0 
100.0 

48 
31 

Total  

764 

140 

386 

20 

124 

7 

239 

33 

14 

27 

8 

1,762 

OUR  BOYS 


301 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BEST  LIKED  STUDY 

Correlation  Between  the  Last  Grade  Completed  and  the  Best  Liked  Study 

TABLE  No.  12-L  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 

American  Boys  with   Two  Foreign  Parents 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Mathematics 

1 

I 

| 

•sj 

73 

1 

Language 

Geography 

I 

Commercial 
subjects 

Elementary 
science 

Advanced 
science 

Total 
per 
cent 

Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 

5th 

49  7 

7  5 

4  3 

6 

8  7 

28  6 

6 

100  0 

161 

6th                 ... 

49.3 

7.4 

6.3 

1.0 

11.2 

24.2 

.5 

1 

100  0 

733 

7th  

41.8 

7.2 

14.9 

.9 

8.9 

24.7 

1.1 

.5 

100  0 

1,018 

8th  
1st  high  school  
2d  
3d 

42.2 
48.0 
49.4 
41  0 

6.9 
9.4 
13.9 
9  9 

27.5 
24.3 
12.2 
13.1 

.9 
1.1 
.6 
4  9 

5.9 
1.8 
.6 
1  6 

Y.3 
3.3 

4  9 

14.2 
5.7 
3.9 

1.4 
2.4 
2.2 
6.6 

2~7 
5.0 
4  9 

1.0 
3.3 
7.8 
11  5 

ili 

1  6 

100.  0 
100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

1,251 
371 
180 
61 

4th  

31.1 

13.8 

13.8 

2.7 

8.3 

5.5 

8.3 

13.8 

2.7 

100.0 

36 

Total  

1,697 

296 

674 

38 

270 

17 

681 

52 

25 

57 

4 

3,811 

TABLE  No.  12-M  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 

Foreign   Boys   with    Two   Foreign    Parents 


8 

g1 

-3-8 

8 

8 

Num- 

LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 

•g 

1 

1 

ll 

I 

1 

1 

1 

|l 

f1 

fl 

Total 
per 
cent 

ber  of 
cards 
tabu- 

1 

I 

1 

9 

!• 

3 

0 

1 

o 

1 

1 

lated 

5th... 

48.7 

13.9 

2.6 

1.9 

6.3 

24.0 

1.3 

1.3 

100.0 

158 

6th  .. 

45.8 

6.6 

8.3 

1.0 

7.6 

29.6 

1.1 

100.0 

398 

7th  

39.8 

6.2 

14.7 

2.1 

8.0 

26.8 

2.1 

.3 

100.0 

339 

8th  

45.0 

8.5 

22.6 

1.1 

5.8 

.3 

13.0 

2.2 

.5 

1,0 

100.0 

363 

1st  high  school  
2d  

46.0 
41.8 

10.1 
12.5 

19.4 
18.7 

.8 
2.1 

2.6 

2.6 
6.2 

5.9 

6.2 

1.7 

4.2 
6.2 

6.7 
4.2 

Yi 

100.0 
100.0 

119 

48 

3d 

22  2 

33  4 

22  2 

11  1 

11  1 

100  0 

(j 

4th  

25'0 

25.0 

12.5 

12.5 

12.5 

12.5 

100.0 

8 

Total  

636 

123 

203 

20 

91 

8 

305 

25 

12 

17 

2 

1,442 

OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

LEAST  LIKED  STUDY 

^Correlation  Between  the  Last  Grade  Completed  and  the  Least  Liked  Study 
TABLE  No.  12-T  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 

American  Boys  with  Two  American  Parents 


"LAST  GRADE 
'COMPLETED 

| 

1 

A 

i 

1 

3 

I 
\ 

Language 

Geography 

I 

Commercial 
subjects 

Elementary 
science 

Advanced 
science 

Total 
per 
cent 

Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 

roth  
•Sth 

28.4 
28.9 

'29.6 
29  9 

1.1 

8.2 

".3 

18.2 
9.2 

19.3 
21.4 

1.1 
1.4 

2.3 

.7 

100.0 
100.0 

88 
294 

7th  .  .  . 

27.0 

39.8 

7.1 

.5 

7.7 

1.0 

14.5 

.9 

1.5 

100.0 

993 

'.8th  
•1st  high  school  
_2d  

23.0 
23.1 
20.3 

45.0 
32.5 
25.5 

6.3 

6.1 
4.1 

.2 
.7 
.4 

4.6 
3.1 
1.8 

3.2 

16.9 
34.1 

12.7 
6.8 
5.6 

2.2 
2.8 
1.1 

.1 

.7 
.4 

2.7 
6.8 
5.6 

"  5 
1  1 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

1,899 

425 
270 

'3d 

23  0 

21  2 

6  2 

42  5 

9 

9 

4  4 

g 

100  0 

113 

,4th 

23  9 

26  1 

6  5 

2  2 

34.8 

2.2 

4.3 

100  0 

46 

Total 

1,001 

1,607 

263 

15 

225 

299 

509 

74 

7 

122 

6 

4,128 

TABLE  No.  12-U  —  GREATER  NEW  YORK 

American  Boys  with  One  American  Parent 


B 

1? 

I| 

>>  e 

8 

Num- 

LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 

£ 

& 

1 

1 

1 

! 

'§;§ 
as 

!* 

I1 

Total 
per 
cent 

ber  of 
cards 
tabu- 

1 

I 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 

2 
Q 

a 

w 

i 

lated 

45th... 

44.8 

13.2 

5.2 

18.4 

15.8 

2.6 

100.0 

38 

mh  

28.7 

35.4 

2.7 

10.3 

22.0 

.9 

100.0 

104 

17th  

22.4 

45.6 

7.6 

.5 

9.2 

12.2 

1.5 

1.0 

100.0 

366 

#th 

21  2 

46  5 

6.5 

.4 

5.6 

3.9 

11.0 

2.1 

2.8 

100  0 

764 

1st  high  school  
2d 

27.8 
24  2 

29.2 
27.3 

7.6 
6.5 

.7 
1.8 

1.3 

1.8 

12.7 
26.6 

7.6 

5.3 
4.6 

1.8 
1.8 

6.0 

2.7 

2^7 

100.0 
100.0 

160 
107 

3d  

14.6 

19.4 

4.6 

2.3 

37.6 

12.0 

7.2 

2.3 

100.0 

41 

-4th 

7.5 

23.5 

7.5 

23.5 

15.2 

7.5 

15.3 

100.0 

13 

Total  

368 

644 

104 

10 

99 

103 

176 

40 

7 

39 

3 

1,593 

TABLE  No.  12-V  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 
Ameiican  Boys  with   Two  Foreign  Parents 


8 

a 

•S 

*—"  "£ 

I 

I 

Num- 

LABT GRADE 
COMPLETED 

1 

J 

1 

•1 

M 

1 

1 

1 

If 

I" 

I1 

Total 
per 
cent 

ber  of 
cards 
tabu- 

"8 

Is 

H 

S3 

3 

1 

5 

J 

a 

0 

1 

1 

lated 

-JSth  

26.0 

29.2 

7.8 

17.4 

16.6 

2.3 

.7 

100.0 

127 

.Sth  

25.3 

32.5 

7.9 

'".6 

9.8 

21.6 

1.9 

.4 

100.  0 

431 

23.9 

42.0 

7.3 

.2 

8.2 

16.0 

1.5 

.9 

100.0 

1,506 

,,8th  .  .  . 

19.8 

44.6 

7.3 

.5 

4.8 

2.0 

14.7 

3.1 

2.5 

'".7 

100.0 

3,163 

1st  high  school  

22.7 

31.3 

5.3 

1.1 

1.5 

15.2 

7.6 

6.7 

"!* 

7.2 

.6 

100.0 

525 

.2d  

21.8 

28.5 

5.9 

1.1 

1.6 

25.5 

4.5 

3.4 

1.1 

6.1 

.5 

100.0 

376 

-3d  

22.1 

24.8 

8.3 

.7 

28.3 

2.7 

2.7 

1.4 

7.6 

1.4 

100.0 

145 

-•4th. 

17.6 

14.0 

7.0 

31.5 

5.3 

12.3 

7.0 

5.3 

100.0 

57 

Total  

1,365 

2,529 

454 

35 

356 

299 

879 

194 

10 

175 

34 

.... 

6,330 

OUR  BOYS 


303 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

LEAST  LIKED  STUDY 

Correlation  Between  the  Last  Grade  Completed  and  the  Least  Liked  Study 
TABLE  No.  12-W  — GREATER  NEW  YORK 

Foreign  Boys  with  Two  Foreign  Parents 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Mathematics 

J 

f 

w 

| 

|| 

i 

1 

Geography 

| 
I 

a 

Elementary 
science 

Advanced 
science 

Total 
per 
cent 

Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 

5th  
6th 

19.6 
25  1 

37.0 
29  5 

6.3 

8  7 

3 

14.7 
14  1 

19.6 

20  8 

2.1 
6 

.7 
g 

100.0 
100  0 

143 
333 

7th  
8th  
1st  high  school  
2d.. 

19.7 
17.4 
21.6 
21  0 

40.4 
43.2 
35.5 
30  3 

7.2 
7.4 
6.1 
5.9 

i.6 

.5 

8.3 
5.1 

3.8 
g 

2.0 
10.5 
18  5 

22.5 
15.7 
9.4 
2  5 

1.4 

5.4 

2.7 
7  6 

5 

8 

.5 

2.7 
8.3 
12  6 

'i'.i 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

793 
1,145 
181 
119 

3d      . 

24  5 

22  7 

9  4 

26  4 

1  9 

5  7 

9  4 

100  0 

53 

4th. 

25  0 

17  9 

7  1 

35  7 

3.6 

7  1 

3.6 

100.0 

28 

Total  

551 

1,084 

205 

14 

200 

88 

476 

95 

3 

76 

3 

.... 

2,795 

TABLE  No.  12-X  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American  Boys  with  Two  American  Parents 


.§ 

so 

-•§ 

>,! 

I 

Num- 

LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 

1 

1 

ft 

ll 

I 

1 

1 

a 

'5 

ft 

I1 

I1 

Total 
per 
cent 

ber  of 
cards 
tabu- 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

I 

O 

i 

a 

3 

1 

lated 

5th  

30.3 

12.2 

2.9 

18.6 

29.0 

1.2 

5.8 

100.0 

172 

6th  

23.6 

24.5 

5.1 

.1 

15.0 

27.6 

1.3 

2.8 

100.0 

703 

7th  

21.8 

31.5 

8.7 

11.3 

"'.i 

22.3 

1.0 

2.5 

100.0 

1,269 

8th  

20.7 

41.2 

8.0 

'".3 

10.6 

1.4 

12.7 

1.0 

"'.2 

3.9 

100.0 

1,950 

1st  high  school..   .. 
2d  

24.6 
21.1 

37.2 
39.3 

6.7 
5.4 

.2 
A 

6.9 
2.9 

9.7 
18.1 

5.6 
2.3 

1.1 
1.2 

1.1 
.6 

6.5 
7.9 

'  "A 

.8 

100.0 
100.0 

825 
518 

3d.... 

11.8 

39.0 

7.7 

1.8 

29.6 

1.8 

6.5 

1.8 

100.0 

169 

4th  

11.4 

31.6 

2.5 

2.5 

38.0 

1.3 

'i'.s 

6.3 

5.1 

100.0 

79 

Total  

1,239 

2,000 

405 

11 

564 

293 

836 

60 

16 

248 

14 

5,685 

TABLE  No.  12-Y  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 
American  Boys  with  One  American  Parent 


LAST  GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Mathematics 

1 
I 

a 

Manual 
training 

H 

j 

>> 

1 

O 

1 

Commercial 
subjects 

Elementary 
science 

Advanced 
science 

Total 
per 

cent 

Num- 
ber of 
cards 
tabu- 
lated 

5th... 
6th 

14.6 
18  5 

22.0 
29  0 

4.9 
4  2 

26.8 
16.2 

29.3 

28.2 

"A 

2.4 
3.5 

100.0 
100.0 

41 
237 

7th  
8th  
1st  high  school  
2d  
ad  
4th  

23.9 
18.8 
18.8 
19.7 
21.0 
28.0 

34.1 
44.1 
39.0 
36.4 
34.8 
36.0 

6.5 
8.2 
8.5 
6.6 
7.0 

.3 

"A 

12.0 
11.2 
5.8 
8.1 
2.3 

io^s 

19.7 
25.6 
20.0 

17.7 
12.3 
7.3 

3.6 

'416 

1.5 
1.6 
2.0 
2.2 
2.3 
4.0 

"\.2 
1.5 

4.0 
3.8 
5.0 
2.2 
4.7 
8.0 

"i.2 
'2.3 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
iOO.O 

351 
571 

259 
137 
43 
25 

Total  

333 

625 

116 

2 

182 

71 

236 

25 

5 

65 

4 

1,664 

304 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

LEAST  LIKED  STUDY 

Correlation  Between  the  Last  Grade  Completed  and  the  Least  Liked  Study 

TABLE  No.  12-Z  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 

American  Boys  with   Two  Foreign  Parents 


. 

| 

| 

t| 

§ 

Num- 

LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 

1 

1 

>, 

i 

•3*1 

3 

I 

1 

1 

.2 

It 

g'g 

I1 

Total 
per 

cent 

ber  of 
cards 
tabu- 

1 

1 

s 

a 
£ 

£ 

J 

O 

1 

6 

a 

1 

lated 

5th  

23.8 

24.5 

16.5 

32.4 

.6 

2.2 

100.0 

152 

6th 

18.5 

31.5 

5.4 

13.8 

27.4 

.5 

2.9 

100.0 

689 

7th   .. 

21.4 

34.4 

8.3 

.1 

10.5 

20.7 

1.3 

3.3 

100.0 

959 

8th  

17.6 

46.0 

8/6 

.1 

8.9 

1.6 

11.4 

1.4 

4.4 

100.0 

1,169 

1st.  high  school  

22.1 

37.9 

•6.9 

8.1 

5.8 

9.5 

1.2- 

.9 

6.7 

.9 

100.0 

346 

2d  

23.7 

34.7 

6.1 

.6 

2.4 

14.0 

6.8 

2.4 

1.9 

6.8 

.6 

100.0 

164 

3d 

17.8 

28.6 

5.4 

26.8 

3.5 

1.8 

14.3 

1.8 

100.0 

56 

4th  

6.2 

33.3 

12.2 

3.0 

21.2 

3.0 

3.0 

15.1 

3.0 

100.0 

33 

Total  

701 

1,336 

258 

3 

359 

83 

617 

43 

7 

155 

6 

3,568 

TABLE   No.   12-ZZ  — CITIES   OVER  25,000 
Foreign   Boys   with    Two   Foreign    Parents 


8 

M 
C 

-2 
"3  § 

>J 

1 

Num- 

LAST GRADE 
COMPLETED 

Jj 

1 

| 

c 
i§ 

I 

1 

•S 

| 

P 

P 

"S-s 
|5 

S 

Total 
per 
cent 

ber  of 
cards 
tabu- 

S 

a 

.2 

M 

o3 
j 

1 

5 

1 

Q 

1 

| 

•< 

lated 

5th   .. 

17.2 

28.5 

4.6 

15.9 

28.5 

2.0 

3.3 

100.0 

151 

6th  

18.3 

33.5 

6.0 

.5 

17.2 

18.5 

1.6 

4.4 

100.0 

367 

7th 

17  4 

38.0 

9.4 

12.3 

1.3 

15.8 

1.6 

4  2 

100  0 

310 

8th   

17.8 

41.4 

9.4 

11.2 

.9 

11.2 

2.8 

5.3 

100.0 

321 

1st  high  school  
2dl  

26.6 
17.5 

32.1 
35.0 

6.4 
2.5 

3.7 
2.5 

7.3 
17.5 

12.9 
7.5 

1.8 

.9 
5.0 

8.3 
12.5 

100.0 
100.0 

109 
40 

60.0 

10.0 

10.0 

10.0 

10.0 

100.0 

10 

4th 

25  0 

12.5 

12.5 

37.5 

12  5 

100  0 

8 

Total  

242 

473 

98 

2 

167 

26 

214 

25 

3 

66 

1,316 

OUR  BOYS  305 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

How  THEY  EARNED  MONEY  WHILE  IN  SCHOOL 
TABLE  No.  13-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


CITIES 

iL 

3.1 
.4 
.2 
.3 
1 

2.7 
10.4 
11.3 
15.0 
3  <) 

I 

.1 

1.4 

.7 
2.8 

:  :  :  1  Baker  or 
:  :  :  ^  confectioner 

Errand  or 
messenger  boy 

1 

i 

a 
1 

ill 

Farm  work 

Miscellaneous 

W 

No  money 
earnod  or  no 
answer 

Total  per  cent 

Population  of 
employed  boys 

Albany  
Amsterdam  
Auburn  
Binghamton  
Buffalo 

8.1 
1.0 
4.2 
4.4 

4  5 

1.3 
2.0 
2.8 
1.6 

11.9 
9.2 
17.4 
12.1 

7  6 

'.2 

.2 

.3 
.6 
2.3 
2.8 
.5 

3.7 
1.7 

2.0 

3.9 

8'.8 
2.0 

10.5 

4.9 
.7 
1.9 

3.6 
7.2 

'"3:2 

4.4 
.3 
10.5 
1.0 
9.8 

2.9 
13.9 

.6 
10.5 

""3 
.1 

6.9 
.9 

64.8 
67.6 
54.3 
52.2 
77.9 

53.5 
59.2 
66.0 
65.0 
57.9 

81.3 
67.9 
51.8 
62.9 
64.4 

62.3 
57.4 
61.9 
57.4 
56.4 

80.4 
82.1 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

2,542 
810 
829 
1,356 
11,257 

971 
838 
553 
857 
700 

760 
1,147 
546 
698 
6,322 

1,821 
3,874 
1,658 
2,241 
669 

2,241 
124,795 

Elmira  
Jamestown  
Kingston  
Mt.  Vernon  
Newburgh  

New  Rochelle 

.6 
.8 
.7 
.1 
14.8 

8.8 
5.9 
4.2 
14.4 
.1 

7 

2.0 
1.1 
.2 
.3 
.5 

"5 

1.7 
4.6 

2.8 
8.3 
4.7 

9  9 

3.7 
1.0 
1.1 

1.9 

11.1 

20.4 
11.6 
6.6 
10.9 

4  5 

"!i 

.2 

.1 

1.2 

7 

Niagara  Falls  
Oswego  
Poughkeepsie  
Rochester 

.5 

'8.5 
1.0 

10.0 
fi 

3.2 

7.2 
.5 
5.2 

.4 

9  6 

.2 
.2 
.5 
.8 

'.5 
.2 

.1 

5.7 
10.0 
6.7 
2.5 

4.2 
6.4 

4.7 
7.2 
4.8 

4.8 
5.4 

.2 
2.5 

.1 

.  2 
8.2 
.1 
2.2 

.1 

7.7 
16.8 
11.5 
13.8 

9.8 
16.0 
7.9 
13.9 
13.8 

7.6 

2.8 

.2 

"".2 

"Y.o 

.5 
3.4 

1.2 
1.3 

1.9 
3.2 
1.0 
1.2 
2.2 

.1 

1.0 

.2 
8.9 
1.0 
7.5 

.7 
6.6 
6.6 
11.0 

8.4 

1.6 

Schenectady  
Syracuse 

Troy  
Utica  
Watertown  

Yonkers  

.3 
.3 
.2 

6.7 
8.5 
10.6 

2 
'.3 
1.0 

'"4 

New  York  

.5 

5.0 

5 

.2 

TABLE  No.   13-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia  

4.2 

4.2 

12.3 

.5 

7.4 

16.2 

65.2 

100.0 

Beacon  

7.2 

2.6 

"3.3 

13.4 

1.7 

'"i'.z 

64.6 

100.0 

Ganandaigua  

6.8 

2'.7 

2.7 

2.7 

11.1 

4.1 

"22^5 

47.4 

100.0 

Cohocs  

11  7 

3.2 

7.2 

9.7 

5  5 

.2 

62  5 

100.0 

Corning  

'".7 

7.0 

7.7 

1.7 

1.0 

5.7 

3.0 

11.3 

61.9 

100.0 

Cortland... 

.7 

14.6 

1.3 

10.0 

9.3 

5.3 

12.0 

46.8 

100.0 

Dunkirk  

.8 

6.4 

.2 

5.1 

6.2 

3.7 

8.9 

68.7 

100.0 

Fulton  

.5 

8.8 

3.9 

'".5 

12.3 

3.9 

9.3 

60.8 

100.0 

Geneva  

.6 

10.4 

'8'.7 

2.7 

7.6 

10.9 

"".3 

1.0 

12.4 

45.4 

100.0 

Glen  Cove  

7.6 

1.7 

"la 

43.6 

.9 

2.6 

42.7 

100.0 

Glens  Falls  

12.1 

.5 

5.7 

10.9 

4.0 

.5 

20.4 

45.9 

100.0 

Gloversville  

.6 

10.4 

'8.7 

2.7 

"'7!6 

10.9 

"".3 

1.0 

12.4 

45.4 

100.0 

Hornell  

11.3 

1  8 

3.6 

5.4 

9.4 

2.3 

'"8.6 

.5 

57.1 

100.0 

Hudson  

"jj 

22.5 

3.7 

3.7 

3.1 

1.2 

.6 

11.0 

53.6 

100.0 

Ithaca  .; 

.6 

17.8 

8.9 

10.5 

3.8 

8.9 

49.5 

100.0 

Johnstown  

7.0 

3.2 

5.1 

11.5 

.6 

.6 

21.7 

50.3 

100.0 

Lacka  wanna 

is 

6  S 

4 

4  9 

4  5 

4.5 

77.6 

100.  U 

Little  Falls  

17.6 

1  5 

1.3 

6.5 

5.2 

"  i.3 

3.3 

63.5 

100.0 

Lockport  

4  ft 

7  3 

13.0 

5.0 

15.1 

.4 

54.6 

100.0 

Mechanicville  .  . 

10  1 

3.4 

1.0 

5.0 

.5 

17.8 

62.2 

100.0 

Middletown 

12  2 

4  2 

3.8 

9.9 

3.0 

12.5 

.8 

53.6 

100.0 

No.  Tonawanda  .  .  . 

5.3 

.9 

8.8 

8.2 

.4 

8.8 

67.6 

100.0 

Norwich  

7.7 

2.2 

i.i 

7.7 

'"3"3 

12.1 

3.3 

"'9i9 

6.6 

46.1 

100.0 

Ogdensburg  

15  '.7 

2.0 

1.3 

3.3 

2.0 

17.6 

57.4 

100.0 

Olean  

.3 

'JL8 

.5 

8.6 

.3 

9.1 

.8 

'ii.i 

64.5 

100.0 

Oiieida  

12.8 

.8 

.8 

2.4 

8.0 

1.6 

11.2 

62.4 

100.0 

Oneonta  

.« 

14.4 

.6 

2.5 

3.1 

8.1 

9.4 

"".6 

60.7 

100.0 

PlattsDurg  

5.7 

2.5 

"i'.3 

3.8 

""e 

1.3 

.6 

13.6 

70.4 

100.0 

Tort  Jems  

isio 

4.3 

3.7 

16.7 

62.3 

100.0 

Rensselaer  

7.4 

'"5 

".'5 

.5 

12.1 

18.4 

60.6 

100.0 

306 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

How  THEY  EARNED  MONEY  WHILE  IN  SCHOOL 

TABLE  No.  13-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded) 


CITIES 

h 

J 

1 

"0  gJ 

| 

ii 

1 

j 

§ 
xg 

per  cent 

<*! 

II 

8 

£ 

-£§ 

£ 

2 

f~l 

g 

1 

I 

IS 

1 

"If 

0 

02 

£ 

cq 

w  S 

Q 

eg 

(5 

S 

in 

S 

f£" 

Rome  

7  fi 

10  2 

2 

4  S 

4  0 

11  4 

61  8 

100  0 

528 

Salamanca  .   . 

7 

4  7 

10  r 

8  7 

2  0 

14  7 

59  2 

100  0 

10Q 

Saratoga  Springs..  . 
Tonawanda  

1.2 

19.  f 

6.  2 

T2 

.6 

4.6 
6.2 

.6 

20.2 
8.6 

'"!e 

.6 
6.8 

1.2 

52.0 
70  4 

100.0 
100  0 

289 
230 

Watervliet  

i 

4  6 

«3 

4.3 

.3 

4  3 

3 

15  5 

69  8 

100  0 

393 

White  Plains.  .  . 

3  ? 

8 

9.2 

6.0 

1.6 

8.4 

70.8 

100.0 

457 

TABLE   No.  13-C  — VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


VILLAGES 

Albion 

12  9 

9  7 

Catskill       

1  4 

?3  fi 

1  4 

2  8 

8  3 

2  8 

Depew 

5  5 

1  8 

1  8 

5  5 

Endicott      

5  1 

1  4 

2  8 

3  3 

16  8 

Fredonia 

1  ? 

1  *> 

4  8 

4  8 

3  6 

19  5 

?  1 

8  4 

3  2 

7  4 

8  4 

2  1 

16  8 

Hastings    

4  1 

16.5 

1.4 

1  4 

2  8 

2  8 

Haverstraw  .   ... 

4  0 

1  ( 

4  0 

22  0 

Hempstead  

7  3 

12.2 

2  4 

Herkimer  

Hoosick  Falls  
Hudson  Falls  

1.1 

'i'o 

20.4 

1.3 
11.2 

8  '- 

1.1 
'2.1 

'i!( 

4.8 

2.7 
1. 
10  1 

.5 

Q 

10.2 

5.3 
6.G 
4  6 

9 

2.1 
64 

8.1 
1.3 

is 

14.6 
17.4 
5  5 

Ilion 

i  1 

IS  1 

6  1 

10  5 

3  2 

10  4 

Johnson  City  

Lancaster  
Lawrence  
Malone  
Mamaroneck  
Massena  

Medina    

2.5 
6.7 
l.C 

6.4 

1.5 

5.1 
1.4 
13.0 
4.1 

1.2 
".1 

i!6 

1.2 

1.5 
32.5 
3.7 
6.c 

2.4 

"2:2 
6.0 
1.0 

12.8 

11.9 
2.5 
3.7 
4.0 
4.1 

18.8 

4.1 
1.5 

'"2^2 
4.0 

7  1 

"'2'!5 
22  3 

10.5 
13.4 

"i?!9 
15.  C 
8.2 

Newark 

1  4 

11   1 

?,  h 

1  4 

6.9 

5  6 

4  2 

8  3 

No  Tarry  town 

?  i 

6  a 

6  3 

2  3 

7  8 

Nyack         

8  S 

9.9 

38  5 

3  S 

1  ? 

5  1 

3  8 

2  5 

12  6 

Owego       

10.  (j 

10.0 

10  C 

50  0 

Patchogue 

1  i 

?  1, 

4  c, 

3  2 

1  i 

3  2 

1  i 

2  1 

Peekskill  
Penn  Yan 

.4 

6.0 

3  h 

5.4 

7.5 

3  t 

12.1 
3  8 

3.4 

7  & 

2.1 

26  9 

3.4 

Port  Chester  

Port  Washington... 
Rockville  Center.  .  . 

5.5 

6.4 
11   1 

.G 

4.9 

11.5 

9.o 

'"i  fe 

7.5 
"3.7 

12.7 

6.4 

.3 

Sarauac  Lake 

IV,  V 

8  i, 

2  v. 

2  0 

24  5 

Seneca  Falls 

4  '' 

1ft  S 

ft  b 

2  8 

11  3 

4  2 

14  1 

Solvay 

b  1 

13  4 

1  2 

14  7 

Tarrytown  
Walden      

s'v 

2.9 

14.  a 
1.1 

i.i 

5.7 

6.7 



2.9 
2  2 

i  i 

8.6 
20.0 

Waterford        .   . 

ft  b 

fl    •' 

i  i 

5  b 

12  4 

5  6 

4  5 

Waverly  
Wellsviile  

14.5 
3.0 

3.0 

s!b 

9.1 
1  l 

i!i 

l.b 
7  b 

20.0 

22  9 

Whitehall 

6  0 

2  b 

2  6 

9 

1  7 

21  5 

77.4 

100.0 

59.7 

100.0 

85.4 

100.0 

70.6 

100.0 

64.9 

100.0 

51.6 

100.0 

71.0 

100.0 

69.0 

100.0 

78.1 

100.0 

51.7 

100.0 

74.8 

100.0 

60  3 

100.0 

61.5 

100.0 

52.9 

100.0 

63.8 

100.0 

70.2 

100.0 

55.0 

100.0 

61.5 

100.0 

51.0 

100.0 

81.6 

100.0 

49.4 

100.0 

58.3 

100.0 

75.0 

100.0 

42.8 

100.0 

71.0 

100.0 

20.0 

100.0 

81.9 

100.0 

59.4 

100.0 

53.9 

100.0 

68.8 

100.0 

75.7 

100.0 

74.0 

100.0 

51.1 

100.0 

42.3 

100.0 

64.6 

100.0 

65.6 

100.0 

58.9 

100.0 

63.0 

100.0 

51.0 

100.0 

60.5 

100.0 

64.7 

100.0 

OUR  BOYS 


307 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

NIGHT  SCHOOL  ENROLLMENT 
TABLE  No.  14-B  —  CITIES  OVER  25,000 


\TTENDANCI 

i 

CITIES 

Attends 

Would 
attend 

Would 
not 
attend 

Total 
per 

cent 

tion  of 
employed 
boys 

Albany            .                                     ... 

7  2 

16  3 

76  5 

100  0 

2  542 

Amsterdam 

5  5 

15  2 

79  3 

100  0 

810 

Auburn  

6  1 

23  2 

70.7 

100  0 

829 

Binghamton 

3  2 

22  8 

74  0 

100  0 

1  356 

Buffalo 

9  2 

16  2 

74  6 

100  0 

11  257 

Elmira.  . 

7  2 

19  7 

73  1 

100  0 

971 

Jamestown  

5.0 

19.4 

75.6 

100.0 

838 

Kingston  .  .                                            .    . 

4  6 

41  2 

54  2 

100  0 

553 

Mt.  Vernon  

10.4 

23.4 

66.2 

100.0 

857 

Newburgh  

10  7 

17  8 

71.5 

100  0 

700 

New  Rochelle 

7  3 

17  6 

75  1 

100  0 

760 

Niagara  Falls  
Oswego 

8.9 
3  0 

26.7 
43  0 

64.4 
54  0 

100.0 
100  0 

1,147 
546 

Poughkeepsie  

2.0 

15.5 

82.5 

100.0 

698 

Rochester  

20  6 

15  3 

64  1 

100  0 

6,322 

Schenectady 

8  0 

14  7 

77  3 

100  0 

1  821 

Syracuse  .    . 

4  3 

28  0 

67  7 

100  0 

3,874 

Troy... 

2  9 

36  5 

60  6 

100  0 

1  658 

Utica  

5  2 

23  3 

71  5 

100  0 

2,241 

Watertown  

2  0 

25  3 

72  7 

100  0 

669 

Yonkers  . 

9  4 

21  8 

68  8 

100  0 

2  241 

New  York... 

10.0 

30.6 

59.4 

100.0 

124.795 

TABLE   No.   14-C  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia. 

6  9 

Beacon 

4  1 

Canandaigua  . 

Cohoef,.... 

4  2 

Corning 

2  4 

Cortland   . 

2  3 

Dunkirk  

9  5 

Fulton  

2  0 

Geneva 

2  1 

Glen  Cove  

6  8 

Glens  Falls  .  .  . 

2  0 

Gloversville  

3  4 

Hornell  

3  7 

Hudson 

6 

Ithaca  

5  3 

Johnstown  

3.0 

Lackawanna.  .  .  . 

24  0 

Little  Falls  
Lockport.  . 

.3 
1  8 

Mechanicville  

1  4 

Middletown  .  .  . 

3  7 

North  Tonawanda 

1  8 

Norwich  

1.3 

Ogdensburg.  . 

6  7 

Clean  

4  0 

Oneida  

.4 

Oneonta  

3  3 

Plattsburg  

2  0 

Port  Jervis  

.4 

Rensselaer  

.7 

5.7 
25.6 
60.5 
11.4 
35.3 

25.5 
5.6 
24.8 
29.4 
37.2 

19.7 
17.4 
21.4 
14.0 
24.2 

10.5 
12.0 
48.0 
26.3 
15.0 

18.5 
52.3 
47.0 
11.4 
32.8 

15.2 

19.3 

44.0 

1.3 

17.5 


87  4 

100.0 

70.3 

100.0 

39.5 

100.0 

84.4 

100.0 

62.3 

100.0 

72.2 

100.0 

84.9 

100.0 

73.2 

100.0 

68.5 

100.0 

56.0 

100.0 

78.3 

100.0 

79.2 

100.0 

74.9 

100.0 

85.4 

100.0 

70.5 

100.0 

86.5 

100.0 

64.0 

100.0 

51.7 

100.0 

71.9 

100.0 

83.6 

100.0 

77.8 

100.0 

45.9 

100.0 

51.7 

100.0 

81.9 

100.0 

63.2 

100.0 

84.4 

100.0 

77.4 

100.0 

54.0 

100.0 

98.3 

100.0 

81.8 

100.0 

268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 
252 

322 
536 
319 
247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 


308  OUR  BOYS 

Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

NIGHT  SCHOOL  ENROLLMENT 
TABLE  No.  14-C  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded} 


CITIES 

ATTENDANCE 

Total 
per 
cent 

Popula- 
tion of 
employed 
boys 

Attends 

Would 
attend 

Would 
not 
attend 

.8 
.4 
.6 
2.3 
2.5 

3.4 

D  —  VILI 

45.4 
9.4 
2.2 

48.9 
28.8 

16.8 

AGES   O" 

48.4 

53.8 
90.2 
97.2 
48.8 
68.7 

79.8 

V^ER  5,00 

51.6 
100.0 
67.4 
61.3 
41.6 

43.6 
52.3 
100.0 
70.7 
52.2 

100.0 
100.0 
49.3 
50.6 

47.7 

62.6 
40.6 
57.5 
36.8 
100.0 

67.6 
70.9 
44.3 
98.4 
39.1 

70.0 

77.7 
45.4 
34.6 
44.0 

35.1 
43.2 
100.0 
42.8 
53.2 

38.8 
60.1 
46.0 
59.6 
67.4 

99.1 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

528 
189 
289 
230 
393 

457 

165 
96 
148 
164 
95 

204 
155 
120 
140 
249 

120 
108 
62 
215 
153 

134 
28 
163 
153 
111 

128 
136 
90 
72 
217 

72 
107 

292 
72 
388 

56 
137 
100 
147 
157 

85 
144 
68 
115 
73 

118 

\ 

Salamanca  

Saratoga  Springs 

Tonawanda  

Watervliet  ;  
White  Plains  

TABLE  No.   14- 

VILLAGES 
Albion  

Catskill 

Depew  

25.1 
4.6 
1.4 

1.1 

4.2 

"i!s 

7.5 
34.1 
57.0 

55.3 
43.5 

'    29  .  3 
46.5 

"'4<K2 
46.0 
48.4 

25.0 

58.3 
42.5 
61.5 

30.1 
29.1 
55.7 

"'ssio 

30.0 
22.3 
52.2 
65.4 
54.0 

64.0 
56.3 

'  '56.7 
40.0 

59.9 
37.5 
47.1 
39.0 
32.6 

^•9 

FTeeport 

Haverstraw  

Hoosick  Falls 

Hudson  Falls                    

Huntington  

1.5 
3.4 
3.9 

12.4 
1.1 

'  '1.7 
2.3 

i'.e 

2.9 

'"2A 
"2.0 

.9 
.5 

'  '.5 
6.8 

1.3 
2.4 
6.9 
1.4 

Malone  

Massena  

Medina                            

Newark  
North  Tarrytown  
Nyack 

Ossining  

Peekskill     

Penn  Yan                              

Port  Chester  

Port  Washington  
Rockville  Center  
Saranac  Lake  
Seneca  Falls 

Solvay  

Walden                      

Waterford  
Waverly  
Wellsville                    

Whitehall  

OUR  BOYS 


309 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BEGINNING  WEEKLY  WAGE 
TABLE  No.   15-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


Popu- 

$30 

Total 

lation 

CITIES 

$3 

$6 

$9 

$12 

$15 

$18 

$21 

$24 

$27 

or 

per 

of  em- 

more 

cent 

ployed 

boys 

Albany 

9.7 

25  1 

25.4 

12.8 

10.5 

6  1 

4  4 

2.7 

1.0 

2  3 

100  0 

2  542 

Amsterdam  

10.0 

31.1 

23.6 

19.9 

11.2 

2.7 

.7 

.4 

.2 

'.2 

ioo!o 

*810 

Auburn 

3  7 

35  3 

24  1 

18  1 

13  1 

3  7 

1  8 

2 

100.0 

829 

Binghamton  

3.4 

26.0 

18.5 

22.3 

17.6 

8.2 

1.1 

1.8 

1.1 

100.0 

1,356 

Buffalo  .    .  . 

9  7 

19  2 

16   1 

11.9 

15  6 

10  3 

8  2 

5  3 

"3'7 

100.0 

11,257 

Elmira  

6.1 

14.8 

18.8 

12.0 

14.7 

14.1 

9.5 

5.0 

1.4 

3.6 

100.0 

971 

Jamestown  

14  2 

24  0 

23  7 

12  7 

16  4 

5.0 

.8 

2  8 

.4 

100  0 

838 

Kingston  
Mt.  Vernon  

22.7 
4.0 

34.4 
22.0 

16.9 
33.6 

8.1 
14.2 

8.6 
15.3 

4.4 
5.4 

2.1 
3.6 

1.9 
1.1 

.9 
.8 

100.0 
100.0 

553 

857 

Newburgh  

5  1 

23.2 

14.0 

10.7 

13.3 

6.7 

10.0 

9.2 

"3.7 

4.1 

100.0 

700 

NewRochelle  

7.0 

33.7 

19.6 

12.5 

12.5 

3.4 

3.1 

.7 

.5 

7.0 

100.0 

760 

Niagara  Falls  

3.4 

11.3 

16.4 

11.0 

18.8 

14.7 

14.0 

7.8 

2.6 

100.0 

1,147 

Oswego  

9.7 

26.9 

20.9 

15.9 

13.0 

8.0 

2.9 

.8 

1.9 

100.0 

546 

Poughkeepsie 

11  1 

24  1 

22  4 

20  6 

12  1 

3  9 

9 

2  6 

1  4 

9 

100  0 

698 

Rochester  

3.3 

31.5 

22.3 

14.3 

14.1 

7.4 

3.1 

2.0 

.4 

1.6 

100.0 

6,322 

Schenectady   

9.7 

27.0 

19.8 

14.2 

13.4 

6.6 

5.1 

1.7 

1.1 

1.4 

100.0 

1,821 

Syracuse  

8.2 

20.8 

23.7 

13.9 

13.8 

10.4 

5.3 

2.5 

1.4 

100.0 

3,874 

Troy  

12.8 

29.2 

25.3 

12.3 

7.8 

6.8 

3.2 

.9 

.6 

'ili 

100.0 

1,658 

Utica  

9.4 

21.2 

21.2 

14.3 

15.0 

12.0 

4.5 

1.5 

.9 

100.0 

2,241 

Watertown  

7.0 

12.3 

13.9 

11.0 

16.1 

14.5 

8.2 

8.4 

8.6 

100.0 

669 

Yonkers  

4.2 

28.2 

23.0 

17.9 

16.5 

3.2 

5.1 

1.5 

.4 

100.0 

2,241 

New  York... 

8.9 

32.2 

25.1 

13.5 

11.2 

4.8 

2.3 

1.1 

.2 

.7 

100.0 

124.795 

TABLE  No.   15-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia 

7  3 

15  5 

23  0 

12  5 

14  3 

Beacon  
Canandaigua  
Cohoes 

10.7 
2.5 
14  4 

34.2 
30.6 
26  9 

20.3 
33.3 
22  4 

11.5 
11.4 
11  7 

13.2 
5.8 
12  4 

Corning.  

1  5 

7  9 

20  2 

14  2 

26  2 

Cortland  

6.8 

18.8 

14.2 

25.5 

15.5 

Dunkirk  

5.5 

14  4 

13  6 

15  5 

16  8 

Fulton 

8  6 

20  4 

21  4 

20  0 

15  9 

Geneva 

1  3 

22  5 

25  2 

13  0 

15  2 

Glen  Cove  

Glens  Falls  
Gloversville  
Hornell  
Hudson  
Ithaca  

Johnstown  
Lackawanna  
Little  Falls  
Lockport  
Mechanicville  .  . 

9.6 

5.3 
14.6 
3.9 

8.4 
7.2 

16.1 
5.3 
6.5 
8.4 
9  4 

23.4 

24.4 
26.1 
23.2 
15.1 
13.3 

26.2 
18.4 
20.8 
9.3 
14  7 

22.5 

21.4 
27.8 
21.1 
18.8 
24.9 

30.1 
10.7 
21.5 
19.1 
18  1 

19.1 

17.2 
19.1 
12.5 
23.6 

18.8 

11.7 

7.5 
18.9 
21.1 
11  8 

13.1 

13.9 
7.9 
13.8 
10.3 
20.5 

8.5 
20.7 
11.7 
15.2 
11.4 

Middietown  
No.  Tonawanda  .... 
Norwich  
Ogdensburg  

12.4 
4.6 
7.6 
17  5 

20.8 
19.5 
11.0 
35.8 

22.3 
21.7 
30.8 
18.8 

19.2 
16.4 
24.2 
5.0 

10.4 
11.6 
11.0 
6.9 

Clean. 

6  5 

18  3 

17  5 

12.2 

13.9 

Oneida  
Oneonta  .... 

9.7 
3  9 

15.3 
9  0 

16.9 
14.7 

18.5 
14.7 

16.9 
17.8 

Plattsburg  .  . 

6  6 

12  2 

25  4 

16.6 

15.4 

Port  Jervis  
Rensselaer  

15.6 
21.4 

22.3 
28.4 

11.8 
12.6 

19.3 
11.4 

14.9 
8.8 

12.5 
2.8 
8.7 
6.7 
16.5 

14  ? 

7.0 
3.0 
5.9 
1.9 
7.9 

4.2 

7.9 
2.4 

'".8 
3.2 

"JL9 

"l.5 
.9 

.8 

1.8 
1.3 
1.5 

14.9 
5.6 
18.0 
7  0 

8.5 
4.2 
2.4 
5.3 

9.8 
1.7 

.8 

1.0 
2.2 

.8 

'".8 

6.9 
2.0 

6.9 
1.9 

1.6 

1.2 

1.2 
.6 

8.8 
10.3 
9  4 

9.7 
8.3 
3  0 

2.1 
3.4 
2  9 

1.5 

3.4 
1.6 

4.7 
15  7 

2.7 
9  3 

98 

26 

13  0 

4  9 

2  0 

7 

15.2 
17.1 

9.6 
14.2 
14  3 

5.9 
7.5 

5.5 
5.6 

4.6 
5.4 

2.4 
4.6 
1   1 

1.2 
1.6 

1.4 
1.8 

'Y.6 
2.0 

5  6 

3  7 

5  6 

1  i 

10.5 
13  7 

9.9 
4  9 

10.5 
2  5 

.7 
1  6 

10.9 
11.1 
10.0 
4.6 

11.6 
7.9 
1.2 
2.0 

5.2 
1.6 
.6 
4.2 

12.2 
1.6 
.6 
3.6 

'  i.e 

3.7 

3.0 

100.0 

268 

100.0 

271 

100.0 

119 

100.0 

561 

100.0 

322 

100.0 

235 

100.0 

414 

100.0 

262 

100.0 

252 

100.0 

252 

100.0 

322 

100.0 

536 

100.0 

319 

100.0 

247 

100.0 

243 

100.0 

242 

100.0 

412 

100.0 

282 

100.0 

422 

100.0 

179 

100.0 

415 

100.0 

338 

100.0 

153 

100.0 

325 

100.0 

425 

100.0 

244 

100.0 

243 

100.0 

205 

100.0 

211 

100.0 

209 

310 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

BEGINNING  WEEKLY  WAGE 
TABLE  No.  15-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded) 


Popu- 

$30 

Total 

lation 

CITIES 

$3 

$6 

$9 

$12 

$15 

$18 

$21 

$24 

$27 

or 

per 

of  em- 

more 

cent 

ployed 

boys 

Rome  

4.9 

12.4 

12.7 

17.7 

23.2 

13.9 

8.3 

4.8 

2.1 

100.0 

528 

Salamanca  

3.5 

21.6 

11.6 

14.9 

20.2 

8.9 

8  9 

9  5 

.9 

100  0 

189 

Saratoga  Springs  .  .  . 
Tonawanda.  .  . 

18.6 
13.9 

25.6 
18  1 

14.6 
13  9 

11.6 
13  9 

6.4 
15.7 

14.4 
9  5 

5.8 
6.4 

1.8 
4.6 

'416 

1.2 

100.0 
100.0 

289 
230 

Water  vliet  

14.3 

23.1 

14.0 

20.2 

9.0 

10.3 

3.1 

3.1 

1.0 

"i'.9 

100.0 

393 

White  Plains  

7.2 

25.3 

20.9 

17.3 

12.9 

6.8 

5.6 

2.8 

1.2 

100.0 

457 

TABLE  No.  15-C  — VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


VILLAGES 
Albion 
Catskill 

20  3 

35.3 

17  6 

19.2 
25  9 

12.8 

10  7 

9.5 
6  4 

9.5 
10  5 

8.5 
5  0 

5.2 
3  6 

100.0 
100  0 

16; 
9< 

Depew. 

2  1 

4  0 

11  3 

13.1 

11.3 

10.4 

15.9 

28.8 

3.1 

100.0 

146 

Endicott  
Fredonia  

Freeport  
Hastings  
Haverstraw  
Hempstead  
Herkimer  .... 

2.6 
4.0 

20.2 
3.0 
4.4 
6.1 
6  5 

6.4 

2.8 

29.6 
14.0 
3.4 
15.9 
16  8 

18.0 
7.6 

21.3 
34.6 
7.4 
40.3 
19.0 

41.5 
14.9 

9.6 
12.6 
8.4 
8.5 
14.1 

17.2 
13.7 

10.7 
15.5 
25.4 
15.9 
16.6 

9.2 
5.2 

7.4 
12.6 
18.4 
6.1 
17.8 

2.6 
25.7 

1.2 
3.0 
16.4 
3.6 
3.8 

1.7 
19.7 

"a'.O 

10.4 
3.6 
4.3 

"oii 

"  i.i 

1.4 

'ili 

.8 
'"4'.4 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

164 
9r 

204 
15£ 
12C 
14C 
24S 

Hoosick  Falls 

9  3 

10  6 

29  6 

20  0 

10  6 

18  6 

1.3 

100.0 

12C 

Hudson  Falls 

12  6 

25  Q 

29  9 

10  6 

9  6 

7  6 

2  5 

1  3 

100  0 

10S 

Huntington  
Ilion  

6.1 
.6 

18.0 
8.1 

29.1 
17.8 

17.1 
14.6 

10.7 
16.4 

8.9 
21.8 

3.4 
9.2 

2.4 
5.2 

'6.3 

4.3 

100.0 
100.0 

6i 
21S 

Johnson  City 

4  1 

6  5 

28  0 

32.0 

19.9 

7.1 

1.8 

.6 

100.0 

153 

Lancaster  

7.0 

23.5 

20.5 

7.8 

10.8 

10.1 

5.5 

8.5 

6.3 

100.0 

134 

7  2 

17  2 

27  3 

22  2 

7  2 

7  2 

4  5 

7  2 

100  0 

28 

Malone 

12  2 

15  2 

26  4 

13  0 

10.0 

11  5 

7.8 

3.9 

100.0 

163 

13  2 

32  3 

20  3 

19  2 

6  2 

3  2 

3  2 

1.2 

1.2 

100  0 

153 

Massena  

2.1 

6.1 

12.2 

16.4 

14  3 

22.5 

17.3 

5.1 

2.0 

2.0 

100.0 

111 

16  6 

35  5 

14  3 

13  1 

9  5 

3  7 

4.8 

2.5 

100.0 

128 

Newark 

19  8 

17  2 

17  2 

19  9 

17  2 

8  7 

100.0 

136 

No.  Tarry  town  

Nyack    . 

9.0 
20.5 

32.4 
38.0 

17.7 
18.4 

12.9 
12.7 

13.7 

2.8 

7.5 
4.0 

5.9 
1.8 

.9 
1.8 

100.0 
100.0 

90 

72 

1  3 

23  4 

29  9 

16  5 

12  1 

7  7 

5  8 

3  3 

100  0 

217 

Owego  
Patchogue  
Peekskill  
Penn  Yan  
Port  Chester  

5.6 
6.3 
6.4 
8.2 
10.8 

2  7 

30.6 
26.7 
23.9 
27.4 
31.4 

11  6 

20.7 
19.3 
15.1 
16.0 
17.4 

20  8 

5.6 
13.9 
24.9 
19.8 
17.4 

32  3 

20.7 
8.4 
12.7 
4.2 
10.1 

15  6 

"e'.i 

8.9 
12.0 
6.2 

11  6 

5.6 
7.4 
5.5 
8.2 
5.0 

5.6 
6.3 
2.6 

"ilo 

2.7 

5.6 

"!? 
2.7 

'5.3 
'"i'.2 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

72 
107 
292 
72 
388 

56 

Rockville  Center  .  .  . 

4.7 

28  6 

27.0 
22  5 

21.5 
10  2 

19.6 
14  3 

17.7 
10  2 

6.6 
8  2 

2.9 

60 

100.0 
100  0 

137 
100 

Seneca  Falls  
Solvay 

1.4 
3  9 

25.4 
19  8 

29.6 
19  8 

19.7 
8  8 

15.5 
21  0 

4.2 
10  1 

1.4 
10  1 

5  i 

2.8 
1.4 

100.0 
100.0 

147 
157 

9  5 

23  9 

21  0 

9  5 

29  5 

6.6 

100.0 

85 

Walden 

21  6 

25  0 

30  5 

7  2 

6  0 

2  7 

2  7 

1  6 

2  7 

100  0 

144 

Waterford 

7  9 

25  0 

23  8 

14  8 

11  4 

10  2 

4  6 

2  3 

100.0 

68 

15  0 

2  2 

22  3 

18  7 

7  7 

22  3 

5  9 

5  9 

100  0 

115 

7  1 

18  3 

3  5 

20  5 

25  1 

10  3 

12  6 

2  6 

100  0 

73 

Whitehall  

11.1 

6.8 

18.0 

8.6 

15.4 

26.6 

1.7 

5.9 

5.9 

100.0 

118 

OUR  BOYS 


311 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PRESENT  WEEKLY  WAGE 
TABLE  No.  16-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


Popu- 

$30 

Total 

lation 

CITIES 

$3 

$6 

$9 

$12 

$15 

$18 

$21 

$24 

$27 

or 

per 

of  em- 

more 

cent 

ployed 

boys 

Albany  

1.6 

6.4 

15.1 

17.8 

18.0 

11.4 

9.8 

8.1 

3.6 

8.2 

100.0 

2,542 

Amsterdam  .    . 

7 

3  2 

4.8 

20  4 

38.4 

15  6 

10.4 

2.6 

2.2 

1.7 

100.0 

810 

Auburn  

.7 

2.8 

15.2 

19.7 

24.2 

18  3 

12.6 

4.2 

1.6 

.7 

100  0 

1,829 

Binghamton  

1.0 

3.5 

6.7 

11.5 

25.5 

25.8 

10.4 

8.4 

3.2 

4.0 

100.0 

1,356 

Buffalo  . 

.9 

1.5 

6.5 

7.7 

15.2 

15.8 

17.3 

16.8 

18.3 

100.0 

11,257 

Elmira  

1.3 

3.2 

10.2 

10.2 

13.3 

19.2 

15.2 

15.5 

3.0 

8.9 

100.0 

971 

Jamestown  

1.8 

9.5 

14.3 

37.5 

23.2 

6.8 

3.0 

3.9 

100.0 

838 

Kingston  

2.6 

'sli 

14.1 

13.9 

20.7 

12.4 

13.5 

9.4 

1.9 

'3.4 

100.0 

553 

Mt  Vernon 

8 

2.1 

14.0 

22.0 

25  9 

17  8 

9  0 

5.3 

1.3 

1  8 

100.0 

857 

Newburgh  

3^6 

2.9 

7.4 

8.6 

13^3 

9.2 

13.Q 

20.1 

8.6 

12.7 

100.0 

700 

New  Rochelle  

1.0 

1.2 

19.2 

20.2 

29.4 

13.4 

7.5 

5.6 

2.5 

100.0 

760 

Niagara  Falls  

3.5 

11.3 

15.9 

11.0 

18.9 

14.8 

14.0 

7.9 

'2.7 

100.0 

1,147 

Oswego  

1.1 

3.9 

7.1 

19.2 

23.0 

17  5 

12  7 

8.1 

7.4 

100.0 

546 

Poughkeepsie  

6.5 

12.5 

21.8 

24.8 

14^0 

6^0 

5.3 

4.5 

4.6 

100.0 

698 

Rochester  

"!9 

1.0 

6.4 

14.6 

23.9 

20.7 

14.4 

10.3 

3.0 

4.8 

100.0 

6,322 

Schenectady  

1.4 

5.5 

15.6 

12.5 

17.1 

14.1 

14.7 

9.0 

4.6 

5.5 

100.0 

1,821 

Syracuse 

4 

1  4 

8  6 

9  8 

20  9 

18  5 

19  5 

11  3 

9  6 

100  0 

3,874 

Trov  

1.2 

6.2 

19.0 

17.8 

16.8 

17.1 

12.0 

4.6 

3.7 

1.6 

100.0 

1,658 

Utica 

3 

1  7 

6  9 

8  4 

22  2 

22  6 

17  3 

9  4 

11   2 

100  0 

2,241 

Watertown  

1.0 

.2 

7.6 

7.8 

19.1 

15.2 

15.1 

15.9 

18.1 

100.0 

669 

Yonkere.  .  . 

.6 

.6 

14.4 

16.3 

29.6 

16.0 

12.1 

6.6 

3.8 

100.0 

2,241 

New  York  

.3 

1.1 

11.4 

20.3 

28.4 

17.1 

9.9 

6.0 

1.7 

3.8 

100.0 

124,795 

TABLE  No.  16-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia  
Beacon  
Canandaigua  
Cohoes  
Corning  

Cortland  .  . 
Dunkirk 

"  !e 

'".9 

.5 

1.0 

5.3 
3.5 
5.9 
2.9 
.9 

1.0 
1  i 

10.1 
5.8 
10.0 
9.4 
3.5 

6.4 
2  8 

13.9 
15.8 
11.4 
14.5 
2.5 

17.1 
5  7 

21.5 
23.5 
22.4 
19.5 
11.5 

20.4 
13  4 

12.3 
18.7 
22.4 
27.3 
20.6 

25.7 
20  7 

12.9 
11.1 
14.1 
11.0 
20.6 

17.7 
12  9 

15.5 
11.1 
4.6 
5.9 
14.2 

8.4 
13  1 

8.5 
2.9 
1.9 
4.4 
4.5 

2.3 
30  3 

7.0 
7.3 
4.2 
21.2 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100  0 

268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 

Fulton 

1  0 

3  0 

3  0 

9  2 

20  1 

24  0 

18.1 

11.8 

9.8 

100.0 

262 

Geneva 

2  4 

13  0 

11  3 

19  1 

24  6 

15  7 

8  5 

1.3 

4.1 

100.0 

252 

Glen  Cove  

6  0 

11  9 

25  7 

17  1 

19.7 

7.7 

6.8 

5.1 

100.0 

252 

Glens  Falls  

6.3 

15.6 

12.7 

23.1 

16.1 

16.1 

4.5 

2.8 

2.8 

100.0 

322 

G  lovers  ville.  .  . 

2  2 

4  6 

9  5 

17  7 

33  7 

16.2 

8.6 

3.9 

1.1 

2.5 

100.0 

536 

Hornell  

1   1 

2  5 

5  2 

6  0 

16  2 

14  8 

21.1 

12.0 

5.6 

15.5 

100.0 

319 

Hudson  
Ithaca  '.  

Johnstown  
Lackawanna  
Little  Falls 

1.8 
1.6 

.9 
1.8 

4.8 
2.2 

1.6 
1.3 

7 

9.2 
11.0 

11.2 
5.8 
5  9 

18.4 
14.4 

18.1 
2.2 
12  4 

20.8 
19.9 

22.7 
8.1 

26  8 

10.5 
21.7 

25.9 
11.8 
22  9 

16.0 
14.3 

9.8 
14.1 
19.5 

9.2 
11.6 

3.5 
16.8 
9.8 

3.7 
3.3 

4.1 
38.1 
2.0 

5.6 

2.2 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

247 
243 

242 
412 
282 

1  7 

g 

4  6 

8  0 

18  1 

17  7 

21  9 

15  9 

11  3 

100  0 

422 

Mechanicville  

Middletown  
No.  Tonawanda  .... 
Norwich  
Ogdensburg  
Olean  

Oneida.. 

.8 
2.0 

"2i5 
6.1 
.3 

.8 

5.5 
1.8 
2.5 
22.5 
.8 

1  7 

2.7 

17.0 
5.1 
9.1 
21.8 
3.0 

8  1 

8.5 

13.9 
1.8 
20.2 
13.9 
4.5 

8  9 

7.0 

18.9 
15.2 
20.2 
10.0 
10.0 

17.7 

22.5 

16.6 
25.4 
15.7 
11.3 
12.5 

19.3 

20!  6 

8.2 
21.2 
12.4 
4.8 
23.2 

22.5 

18.2 

7.0 
17.5 
4.7 
6.1 
18.5 

8.1 

8.0 

6.2 
12.0 
6.9 
3.5 
25.4 

13.7 

10.9 
4.7 
"'5.8 

"iis 

100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

244 

Oneonta  
Plattsburg  
Port  Jervis 

25 

2.9 
5.0 
3  1 

4.1 
15.8 
6  9 

8.5 
12.5 
15.5 

8.5 
20.2 
13.1 

15.5 
18.9 
20.4 

11.7 
13.3 

8.7 

16.7 
5.6 
5.6 

30.5 
3.1 
3.1 

1.6 
5.6 
21.1 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

243 
205 
211 

Rensselaer  

1.5 

7.2 

16.3 

12.6 

13.1 

12.0 

10.4 

9.3 

3.0 

14.6 

100.0 

209 

312 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PRESENT  WEEKLY  WAGE 
TABLE  No.  16-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded) 


Popu- 

$30 

Total 

lation 

CITIES 

$3 

$6 

$9 

$12 

$15 

$18 

$21 

$24 

$27 

or 

per 

of  em- 

more 

cent 

ployed 

boys 

Rome  . 

.7 

1.3 

2.5 

6.3 

15.1 

21.6 

16.5 

21.8 

14.2 

100  0 

528 

2  4 

7  8 

12  4 

17.2 

9.8 

20.5 

29  9 

100  0 

189 

Saratoga  Springs  .  .  . 
Tonawanda  .  . 

1.7 

12.2 
1  6 

17.4 
3.5 

12.2 
6.6 

19.0 
12.1 

13.9 
17.7 

12.2 
18.2 

2.8 
19.5 

2.2 
20.8 

6.4 

100.0 
100  0 

289 
230 

Water  vliet  

1.4 

5.1 

8.5 

15.3 

13.2 

20.0 

13.8 

8.2 

6.0 

8.5 

100.0 

393 

White  Plains... 

1.2 

4.0 

11.2 

14.4 

18.8 

14.4 

20.8 

10.8 

4.4 

100.0 

457 

TABLE  No.   16-C  — VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


VILLAGES 

5.9 

12.4 

15.7 

15.7 

22.2 

22.2 

5.9 

100  0 

165 

Catskill  
Depew. 

2.1 

3.5 
1.2 

24.3 
1.2 

13.2 
5.8 

14.6 
5.8 

18.6 
9.6 

14.6 
17.8 

2.1 
14.2 

3.5 

44.4 

3.5 

100.0 
100  0 

96 
148 

Endicott  
Fredonia  

Freeport  
Hastings  
Haverstraw 

.8 

"i'.s 

4.4 

2.2 
1.6 

7.9 
1.8 
3.4 

1.3 
1.6 

16.4 
18.2 
7.4 

13.5 

2.8 

17.4 
10.0 
8.4 

29.4 
11.3 

24.8 
16.8 
25.4 

26.6 
6.5 

14.3 
18.2 
18.4 

15.3 
19.8 

8.0 
14.1 
16.4 

5.5 
24.6 

5.9 
7.2 
10.4 

2.2 
31.8 

1.7 
1.8 
1.4 

3.2 

3.6 
10.1 
4  4 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

164 
95 

204 
155 
120 

Hempstead  

6.1 

20.8 

15.8 

13.5 

15.8 

18.3 

6.1 

3.6 

100.0 

140 

Herkimer  .... 

1.2 

3.3 

6.1 

20,6 

24.9 

22.8 

11.5 

8.9 

7 

100  0 

249 

Hoosick  Falls  
Hudson  Falls  . 

i!s 

2.9 
3.4 

9.4 
4.4 

20.2 
12.5 

22.8 
15.7 

33.5 

44.3 

2.9 

8.6 

5.4 

6.4 

2.9 

34 

100.0 
100  0 

120 
108 

1  7 

3.6 

10.0 

11  8 

23  9 

18.3 

15.5 

2  6 

6  3 

100  0 

62 

Ilion 

1  9 

6  3 

20  0 

26  5 

14  6 

12  1 

18  6 

100  0 

215 

Johnson  City 

1.7 

3.6 

12.9 

20.4 

21.6 

22.2 

10.6 

7.0 

100  0 

153 

Lancaster  

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

4.7 

10.7 

17.5 

19.7 

13.7 

28.6 

100.0 

134 

Lawrence  .... 

4.7 

12.2 

19.6 

17.2 

17.2 

12.2 

12.2 

4  7 

100  0 

28 

8  5 

15.9 

15.1 

14  4 

19.6 

10.7 

6.2 

4  8 

4  8 

100  0 

163 

Mamaroneck  
Massena 

2.0 

5.0 
1.3 

12.0 
7.3 

25.0 
12.5 

17.0 
9.4 

22.0 
25.8 

8.0 
21.7 

8.0 
8.3 

2.0 
3  2 

10  5 

100.0 
100  0 

153 
111 

9  5 

8  4 

35  5 

19  0 

15  5 

8  4 

3  7 

100  0 

128 

Newark  

1.9 

6.1 

16.8 

8.8 
9.0 

24.1 
18.5 

28.4 
13.0 

21.3 
33.3 

6.1 
5  1 

43 

3.3 

100.0 
100  0 

136 
90 

Nyack  
Ossinin" 

1.5 

10.5 

11.5 
18.2 

32.5 
11.7 

18.3 
20.0 

10.6 
14.9 

8.2 
26.5 

2.7 
5.3 

1.6 
3  4 

2.6 

100.0 
100  0 

72 
217 

25  0 

15  0 

5  0 

25  0 

5  0 

15  0 

10  0 

100  0 

72 

Patchogue  
Peekskill  
Penn  Yan  
Port  Chester  .  .  . 

"  ^9 
4.3 

4.4 
1.2 
4.3 
1.8 

15.0 
9.7 
8.1 
11.9 

21.4 
8.1 
27.4 
10.9 

24.7 
21.8 
12.0 
25.9 

11.8 
14.7 
19.8 
21.3 

6.5 
22.2 
19.8 
14.5 

7.6 
18.5 

"9.3 

2.2 
2.9 

44 

6.4 
'"4'.3 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

107 
292 
72 
388 

Port  Washington  .  .  . 
Rockville  Center  .  .  . 
Saranac  Lake  
Seneca  Falls  
Solvay  

Tarry  town 

's'.3 

4.0 
6.9 
13.5 
1.5 

9.1 
16.1 
11.5 
10.1 
4.9 

12.3 

24.6 
15.1 

17.7 
24. 
1. 

12 

20.6 
19.8 
15.5 
38.2 
8.5 

23  8 

27.2 
17.9 
19.7 
12.9 
30.5 

9.6 

6.5 
12.4 
9.4 
5.9 
19.5 

26.7 

4.0 
8.7 
7.4 
2.9 
20.7 

15  3 

4.0 

'iil7 

'"s'.i 

'"4.3 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100  0 

56 
137 
100 
147 
157 

85 

Walden  
Waterford  
Waverly 

"i'.s 

2.9 
3.8 

15.2 
9.4 
5.4 

15. 
26. 
3 

29.7 
21.7 
16  4 

14.2 
20.6 
12  7 

4.0 
9.4 
27.3 

2.9 
3.7 
16  4 

4.0 

is  2 

11.8 
3.7 

100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

144 
68 
115 

Wellsville 

3  5 

5  9 

g 

18  3 

23  9 

18  3 

12  6 

9  3 

100  0 

73 

Whitehall  

1.6 

3.4 

5.0 

10. 

6.8 

34.4 

8.6 

9  4 

20  5 

100  0 

118 

OUR  BOYS 


313 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

WHO  HELPED  THEM  GET  THEIR  JOBS 
TABLE  No.  17-A  —  CITIES  OVER   25,000 


CITIES 

Friend 

Adver- 
tise- 
ment 

School 

Church 

Employ- 
ment 
bureau 

Applied 

Total 
per 
cent 

Popu- 
lation 
of  em- 
ployed 
boys 

Albany  
Amsterdam 

28.1 
25.4 

7 

1.7 

.8 

.6 
4 

68.9 
73  4 

100.0 
100  0 

2,542 
810 

Auburn  

32.2 

7 

.4 

1.5 

65.2 

100  0 

829 

Binghamton  
Buffalo.  . 

32.5 
9  9 

1 
1 

.4 
6 

1.7 
1 

65.3 
89  3 

100.0 
100  0 

1,356 
11  257 

Elmira  
Jamestown 

26.8 
30  5 

1 
1 

.3 
1  0 

.3 
1 

72.5 
68  3 

100.0 
100  0 

971 

838 

Kingston  
Mt.  Vernon 

22.6 
23  0 

2 
1  5 

.7 
1  2 

i  7 

76.5 
72  6 

100.0 
100  0 

553 
857 

Newburgh 

27  9 

3 

3 

71  5 

100  0 

700 

New  Rochelle 

22  9 

2 

76  9 

100  0 

760 

Niagara  Falls      

18.2 

.2 

.1 

81.5 

100  0 

1,147 

Oswego.  . 

30  7 

8 

2 

2 

68  1 

100  0 

546 

Poughkeepsie 

24  6 

2 

2 

75  0 

100  0 

698 

Rochester.  .  . 

26  9 

.4 

2.0 

3 

1  3 

69  1 

100  0 

6,322 

Schenectady  
Syracuse 

25.9 
30.7 

.1 
.4 

.2 
2 

.1 
2 

.3 
4 

73.4 
68  1 

100.0 
100  0 

1,821 
3,874 

Trov 

28  4 

1 

6 

70  9 

100  0 

1  658 

Utka  .  ".: 

25.6 

1.2 

.1 

.4 

72  7 

100  0 

2,241 

Watertown 

22  2 

4 

2 

77  2 

100  0 

669 

Yonkers 

16  4 

.1 

83  5 

100  0 

2,241 

New  York.. 

27.9 

5.7 

1.8 

.2 

1.7 

62.7 

100.0 

124,795 

TABLE  No.  17-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia 

22  9 

5 

Beacon  

20.5 

.6 

Canandaigua  
Cohoes 

32.9 
22  5 

2 

2 

2 

Corning        

19.7 

1.0 

.3 

Cortland 

23  3 

7 

Dunkirk   

18.9 

.2 

.5 

Fulton 

16  7 

1  0 

.5 

30  6 

Glen  Cove  

19.7 

.9 

Glens  Falls  
Gloversville  
Hornell 

34.8 
26.6 
26  1 

.5 
1.0 

.5 

.5 



23  2 

Ithaca 

33  8 

6 

Johnstown  

25.5 
19  5 

.6 
4 

4 

Little  Falls 

31  4 

.7 

Lockport        

18.0 

.4 

.4 

Mechanicville 

22  3 

.5 

1.0 

Middletown  

27.0 

1.1 

.8 

No.  Tonawanda  
Norwich 

18.2 
39  5 

.2 
1.1 

.1 

28  2 

7 

Olean 

19  5 

.3 

.5 

.3 

Oneida 

23  2 

.8 

33  2 

.6 

1.2 

Plattsburg 

36  5 

Port  Jervis 

21  0 

Rensselaer.  . 

27.3 

.5 

76.6 

100.0 

268 

78.9 

100.0 

271 

67.1 

100.0 

119 

76.9 

100.0 

561 

79.0 

100.0 

322 

76.0 

100.0 

235 

80.4 

100.0 

414 

81.8 

100.0 

262 

69.4 

100.0 

252 

79.4 

100.0 

252 

63.7 

100.0 

322 

72.4 

100.0 

536 

73.9 

100.0 

319 

76.8 

100.0 

247 

65.6 

100.0 

243 

73.9 

100.0 

242 

79.7 

100.0 

412 

67.9 

100.0 

282 

81.2 

100.0 

422 

76.2 

100.0 

179 

71.1 

100.0 

415 

81.5 

100.0 

338 

59.4 

100.0 

153 

71.1 

100.0 

325 

79.4 

100.0 

425 

76.0 

100.0 

244 

65.0 

100.0 

243 

63.5 

100.0 

205 

79.0 

100.0 

211 

72.2 

100.0 

209 

314 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boy* 

WHO  HELPED  THEM  GET  THEIR  JOBS 
TABLE  No.  17-B  —  CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded] 


CITIES 

Friend 

Adver- 
tise- 

School 

Church 

Employ- 
ment 

Applied 

Total 
per 

Popu- 
lation 
of  em- 

ment 

bureau 

cent 

ployed 

boys 

Rome  

26.5 

.2 

.8 

72.5 

100.0 

528 

Salamanca  

34  6 

.7 

64  7 

100  0 

189 

Saratoga  Springs 

28  2 

1  2 

70  6 

100  0 

289 

Tonawanda  

22.8 

77  2 

100  0 

230 

Watervliet  

36  8 

4 

1  2 

61  6 

100  0 

393 

White  Plains.  .  . 

19.6 

.4 

80.0 

100.0 

457 

TABLE  No.   17-C  — VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 
VILLAGES 


Albion 

12  9 

Catskill  

43.0 

1.4 

1.4 

Depew 

23  8 

.9 

Endicott 

37  4 

5 

Fredonia  

20.5 

Freeport  

37.9 

1.1 

Hastings      

45.3 

1.3 

Haveretraw 

35  0 

1  0 

6  0 

Hempstead  

22.0 

Herkimer             .    . 

34  4 

.5 

Hoosick  Falls  
Hudson  Falls  

29.2 
31  6 

1.3 

26  7 

9 

g 

9 

Ilion     

29.4 

.4 

.4 

Johnson  City 

27  9 

Lancaster  

37.3 

Lawrence 

20  0 

2.5 

25  3 

7 

Marnaroncck  

37.0 

1.0 

11  2 

Medina  

8.2 

30  6 

No.  Tarry  town  

12.5 

Nyack 

40.7 

1.1 

1.1 

15  1 

Owego 

45.0 

15  9 

Peekskill             

21.7 

Penn  Yan 

7.7 

Port  Chester 

14  0 

3 

Port  Washington   . 

14.1 

Rockville  Center 

44  5 

1  8 

i  8 

1  8 

Saranac  Lake  

18.3 

Seneca  Falls 

33.8 

42  7 

Tarrytown     .          

17.2 

Walden 

41  1 

Waterford       

23.6 

1.1 

Waverly 

34.5 

Wells  ville 

15  7 

1.1 

Whitehall 

37.1 

87.1 
54.2 
75.3 
62.1 
79.5 

61.0 
53.4 
58.0 
78.0 
65.1 

69.5 
68.4 
70.6 
69.8 
72.1 

62.7 
77.5 
74.0 
62.0 

88.8 

91  .'8 
69.4 
87.5 
57.1 
84.9 

55.0 

84.1 
78.3 
92.3 
85.7 

85.9 
50.1 
81.7 
66.2 
57.3 

82.8 
48.9 
75.3 
65.5 
83.2 

62.9 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


OUK  BOYS 


315 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

NUMBER  OF  JOBS  HELD 
TABLE  No.  18-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


Popu- 

Total 

lation 

CITIES 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10+ 

per 

of  em- 

cent 

ployed 

boys 

Albany  

23.7 

29.4 

22.0 

10.3 

4.6 

3.0 

1.4 

1.6 

1.2 

2.8 

100.0 

2,542 

Amsterdam 

14  6 

26  4 

26.4 

15  0 

6.7 

3  5 

1.9 

1.7 

1.7 

2.1 

100  0 

810 

Auburn  

21.1 

27.5 

22.5 

12^7 

7'.6 

s!s 

1.0 

1.7 

.5 

2.1 

100.0 

829 

Binghamton  

22.5 

30.1 

26.0 

9.6 

5.8 

3.7 

1.4 

.3 

.3 

0.3 

100.0 

1,356 

B-uffalo  

19.4 

25.3 

23.1 

13.0 

7.0 

4.1 

2.3 

1.7 

4.1 

100.0 

11,257 

Elmira 

26  0 

30  6 

22.0 

10  4 

4.9 

2  1 

.8 

.7 

4 

2.1 

100  0 

971 

Jamestown  

16.8 

20.7 

26.2 

14^3 

8.9 

3.6 

2.6 

2.1 

4.8 

100.0 

838 

Kingston.  .    .  . 

23.3 

28  2 

24  4 

13  5 

4.7 

2  7 

1  2 

1.0 

i  6 

100.0 

553 

Mt  Vernon 

27.4 

30.8 

24.6 

7.1 

4.9 

2.4 

.8 

.3 

1.7 

100.0 

857 

Newburgh  

19  5 

28  2 

23  7 

13  2 

57 

26 

17 

23 

'5 

2.6 

100.0 

700 

New  Rochelle  

31.9 

29.9 

17.1 

8.9 

5  0 

3  3 

1  6 

.4 

1.9 

100.0 

760 

Niagara  Falls  

18.0 

27.0 

22.9 

13.7 

6.5 

3.4 

1.3 

1.8 

5.4 

','.'.'.'. 

100.0 

1,147 

Oswego 

21.2 

28.1 

25.2 

11  3 

5  8 

3  6 

.8 

.4 

3  6 

100  0 

546 

Poughkeepsie  
Rochester 

22.8 
20.5 

26.8 
24  .4 

25.4 
24.5 

10> 

14.0 

3^7 

7.7 

4^2 
2.9 

1.7 
1.5 

1.8 
1.6 

l!l 
.5 

"i.8 

2.4 

100.0 
100.0 

698 
6,322 

Sohenectady  

28.1 

34.9 

17.5 

7.6 

2.9 

3.1 

1.4 

1.4 

1.3 

1.8 

100.0 

1,821 

Syracuse 

18  8 

26  5 

22  5 

11  6 

5.4 

4.2 

2  4 

1  6 

7  0 

100  0 

3,874 

Troy  

22.7 

27.9 

23.9 

10.7 

6.0 

3.0 

1.1 

l!2 

'.8 

"  2  '.  7 

100.0 

1,658 

Utica  

19  2 

28  6 

22  7 

13  0 

7  4 

2  6 

1  7 

8 

4  0 

100  0 

2,241 

Watertown 

24.6 

13.8 

26.8 

17.8 

6.4 

4.8 

1.6 

.4 

3.8 

100.0 

669 

Yonkers  

23.0 

27.6 

22.3 

10.0 

6.1 

4.4 

1.9 

1.6 

3.1 

100.0 

2,241 

New  York  

23.6 

25.7 

22.8 

12.1 

6.4 

3.3 

1.5 

1.0 

1.2 

2.4 

100.0 

124,795 

TABLE  No.  18-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia  

18  4 

28  7 

25  3 

13  0 

5  9 

2  7 

6 

1  i 

4  3 

100  0 

Beacon 

20  9 

29  4 

20  4 

14  3 

6  0 

2  0 

2  0 

2  0 

3  0 

100  0 

Canandaigua  

23  6 

20.8 

29  0 

9  6 

4  2 

4  2 

6 

28 

4.2 

100.0 

Cohoes  

15  0 

27  9 

26  0 

14  3 

7  0 

3  4 

g 

9 

4 

3  2 

100  0 

Corning 

39  0 

36  3 

15  3 

5  3 

1  3 

1  5 

3 

100  0 

Cortland    . 

18  9 

24  3 

31  6 

8  9 

6  2 

2  9 

5 

9 

4  8 

100  0 

Dunkirk 

27  4 

29  3 

20  2 

10  7 

5  0 

3  2 

3 

2 

2  7 

100  0 

Fulton  

17  5 

24  8 

18  9 

16  0 

8  1 

6  2 

2 

2  7 

4  6 

100  0 

Geneva        ...    . 

29  3 

34  2 

22  4 

7  5 

4  1 

2  5 

100  0 

Glen  Cove  

Glens  Falls  
Glovereville  
Hornell  
Hudson    . 

32.6 

22.9 
19.1 
30.5 
21  7 

24.3 

28.8 
27.0 
34.5 
29  7 

21.8 

16.6 
25.8 
20.9 
29  1 

8.1 

13.7 
11.8 
6.5 
10  2 

2.9 

7.9 
7.5 
4.7 
2  1 

3.7 

4.4 
3.3 

.7 
2  1 

1.5 
1.8 

i  5 

3.7 

2.7 
1.2 
1.5 
1  5 

2.9 
'".7 

1.5 
1.8 
.7 
2  1 

100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

Ithaca  

23.1 

30.9 

27.0 

10.7 

3.5 

3  5 

1.3 

100.0 

Johnstown 

18  8 

27  1 

22  6 

11  0 

7  3 

4  8 

3  4 

2  1 

g 

2  1 

100  0 

Lackawanna.  .  . 

25.3 

35.3 

16.3 

10.0 

5.7 

3.0 

.7 

1.2 

2.5 

100.0 

Little  Falls       

20.7 

27.2 

20.8 

16  3 

6  5 

2  0 

2  6 

1  3 

2  6 

100  0 

Lockport 

17  9 

27  9 

25  4 

10  3 

6  6 

3  2 

2  7 

1  5 

4  5 

100  0 

Mechanicville  

Middletown  
No.  Tonawanda  
Norwich 

23.0 

15.7 

17.8 
29.6 

34.5 

32.4 
25.8 
33.0 

20.6 

23.5 
25.8 
18.7 

8.5 

11.1 
10.4 
6.6 

7.1 

6.5 
8.8 
4.4 

3.7 

3.5 
3.5 

4  4 

1.3 

"i'.3 

1  1 

1.6 
.4 
1  1 

1.6 
6.2 
1   1 

1.3 

4.1 

100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

Ogdensburg  
Olean  

Oneida 

21.8 
20.2 

25  2 

24.5 
29.8 

26  0 

19.9 
28.1 

21  2 

10.6 
13.8 

16  4 

7.4 
3.4 

4  0 

4.1 
1.9 

4.1 
1.4 

1  6 

2.8 
.9 

g 

'".5 
4  8 

4.8 

100.0 
100.0 

100  0 

Oneonta  

23.3 

33.8 

19.4 

7.7 

5.1 

5.7 

1.9 

6 

2.5 

100.0 

Platteburg  

14.3 

31.4 

21.2 

14  3 

7.3 

2.3 

3  5 

1  7 

2  3 

1  7 

100  0 

Port  Jervis  

30.4 

29.7 

24.2 

5.7 

4.4 

1.2 

.6 

1.2 

.6 

2.0 

100.0 

Rensselaer.  .  . 

31.8 

27.2 

22.7 

10.5 

4.2 

.9 

.9 

.9 

.9 

100.0 

268 
271 
119 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 
252 

322 
536 
319 
247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 

244 
243 
205 
211 
209 


316 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

NUMBER  OF  JOBS  HELD 

TABLE  No.  18-B  —  CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded) 


Popu- 

Total 

lation 

CITIES 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10+ 

per 

of  em- 

cent 

ployed 

boys 

Rome  

20.8 

30.1 

25.3 

11.3 

7.1 

2.7 

.3 

.9 

1.5 

100.0 

528 

Salamanca  

22.9 

36.7 

21.4 

7.4 

6.7 

1.4 

1.4 

.7 

1.4 

100  0 

189 

Saratoga  Springs  .... 

27.4 

26.7 

19.7 

12.8 

3.6 

4.2 

1.3 

1.3 

"3:6 

100.0 

289 

Tonawanda  

16.0 

29.1 

23.4 

14.8 

6.2 

6.2 

1.8 

2.5 

100.0 

230 

Watervliet  

24.4 

32.5 

24.4 

5.8 

4.8 

3.9 

"i!3 

1.0 

i!g 

100.0 

393 

White  Plains  

30.8 

26.3 

19.5 

10.7 

4.7 

2.7 

2.3 

2.3 

.7 

100.0 

457 

TABLE  No.   18-C  —  VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


VILLAGES 
Albion  
Catskill 

33.1 

18  9 

16.9 
25  8 

23.4 
20  2 

7.3 

7  7 

4.0 
9.1 

7.3 
6.3 

4.0 
6  3 

2  1 

4.0 

36 

100.0 
100  0 

Depew  

22.1 

19.4 

33.1 

12.0 

2.9 

3.8 

1.0 

1.0 

4  7 

100  0 

Endicott  
Fredonia 

34.0 
19  3 

34.5 

21  7 

17.6 
26  5 

6.8 
6  0 

3.1 

10  8 

1.1 
1  2 

i  2 

1.1 

.7 
13  3 

1.1 

100.0 
100  0 

Freeport  
Hastings  
Haverstraw  
Hempstead 

36.9 
32.0 
27.4 
41  9 

22.1 
26.6 
35.4 
15  0 

20.0 
18.3 
21.4 

22  4 

9.4 
12.8 
5.3 
10  1 

1.1 
7.3 
3.3 
2  7 

6.4 
3.0 
3.3 
5  2 

1.0 

1.0 

'i.3 

i.3 
2  7 

2.1 
i!3 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

Herkimer  

22.1 

25.8 

16.1 

11.8 

9.1 

3.8 

2.1 

3.8 

5  4 

100  0 

Hoosick  Falls 

25  4 

37  2 

20  1 

4  0 

5  3 

6  7 

1  3 

100  0 

Hudson  Falls  
Huntington 

26.9 
24  1 

21.6 
23  1 

19.7 
25  0 

11.5 
8  5 

9.5 
5  7 

3.4 
5  7 

1.3 
1  0 

2.4 
1  0 

1.3 
2  0 

2.4 
3  9 

100.0 
100  0 

Ilion  
Johnson  City  

Lancaster  
Lawrence  
Malone  
Mamaroneck  
Massena  

Medina  
Newark  
No.  Tarrytown  
Nyack  
Ossining 

22.5 
26.2 

13.3 
35.4 
17.4 
21.0 
19.1 

18.8 
23.7 
30.4 
28.0 
27  6 

29.9 
26.8 

35.0 
12.9 
29.4 
31.0 
36.4 

21.2 

18.0 
26.0 
22.5 
33  9 

19.6 
23.2 

23.7 
32.9 
19.1 
24.0 
21.1 

15.3 
20.8 
20.5 
21.5 
24  0 

10.6 
14.5 

8.1 
10.4 
7.8 
7.0 
6.8 

20.0 

18.0 
10.4 
14.7 
7  2 

8.3 
5.8 

10.3 
2.8 
5.4 
12.0 
2.6 

5.9 
11.1 
3.3 
3.7 
4  1 

2.9 
2.3 

3.6 
2.8 
10.0 
1.0 
3.8 

8.2 
4.2 
4.1 
1.5 

8 

2.9 

2.0 
2.8 
3.1 

"3l8 

"4.2 
1.8 

2.7 
.8 

1.8 
.6 

1.2 

i'.o 

1.6 

2.4 
.9 

1.1 
.6 

2.8 

"s.i 

8.2 

"2'.6 
2.7 
1  6 

.4 

'  '4^7 
3.0 

4.8 

"2:7 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

Owego  
Patchogue 

35.0 
22  9 

20.0 
23  0 

5.0 

17  7 

5.0 
8  0 

20.0 
7  0 

5.0 

2  7 

"2!7 

10.0 
8  0 

80 

100.0 
100  0 

Peekskill  
Penn  Yan 

31.1 
26  9 

31.9 
19.3 

18.9 
26.9 

10.1 
19.3 

2.5 
3.8 

1.3 

.8 

2.1 

1.3 

's'.8 

100.0 
100  0 

Port  Chester 

22  7 

33  6 

23  7 

10  4 

4  9 

1  9 

.6 

6 

1  6 

100  0 

Port  Washington.  .  .  . 
Rockville  Center  
Saranac  Lake  
Seneca  Falls 

27.8 
28.1 
25.2 
18.5 

26.6 
29.9 
22.2 
18.5 

24.0 
20.6 
18.1 
26.7 

9.9 
9.5 
9.9 
16  8 

4.7 
2.1 

9'.7 

3.5 
3.9 
7.9 
2.8 

'2.0 

8.8 

Y.9 

3.5 

"7!9 
7.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

Solvay  
Tarrytown 

17.1 
45  6 

36.6 
22.8 

20.7 
14.6 

6.1 
8.6 

7.3 

2.8 

4.9 

2.8 

6.1 

2.8 

1.2 

100.0 
100.0 

Walden  
Waterford  
Waverly 

20.8 
24.0 
22  1 

35.3 
24.0 
27.6 

14.2 
21.8 
18.4 

15.2 
7.0 

14.8 

6.3 

8.2 
3.8 

3.0 
3.7 

7.5 

"3.7 

"lA 
3.8 

"lA 
2.0 

5.2 

4.8 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

Wellsville  
Whitehall  

23.8 
27.6 

29.4 
29.4 

26.1 
22.5 

8.2 
4.3 

5.7 

6.1 

3.4 

5.1 

3.4 

3.4 

1.6 

100.0 
100.0 

OUR  BOYS 


317 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

THE  LENGTH  OF  TIME  ON  PEESENT  JOB 
TABLE  No.   19-A  — CITIES   OVER  25,000 


Popu- 

CITIES 

3 
mos. 

6 
mos. 

8 
mos. 

12 
mos. 

15 

mos. 

18 
mos. 

21 

mos. 

2 
yrs. 

3 

yrs. 

4 
yrs. 

yrs. 
or 
more 

Total 
per 
cent 

lation 
of  em- 
ployed 
boys 

Albany 

30  4 

23.5 

10  6 

9.8 

4.8 

5.1 

1.3 

7.5 

4.5 

1.7 

.8 

100.0 

2,542 

Amsterdam  .  .  . 

33.1 

18.7 

10.1 

12.3 

3.1 

5.3 

.8 

9.7 

5.3 

1.6 

100.0 

810 

Auburn 

40  0 

18.7 

8  8 

11  4 

4  0 

5  7 

.8 

8.3 

2  3 

100  0 

829 

Binghamton.  .  . 

34  '.5 

23.6 

10.0 

9.0 

2.6 

7.3 

1.1 

7.3 

2.5 

1.1 

'i!6 

100.0 

1,356 

Buffalo  

40.6 

21.1 

5.9 

9.0 

8.6 

10.7 

3.3 

.8 

100.0 

11,257 

Elmira  

40.6 

21.1 

5.8 

8.8 

8.4 

10.6 

3.1 

1.6 

100.0 

971 

Jamestown  .... 

50.9 

20.4 

3.1 

5.2 

5.4 

7.2 

"lA 

"4!i 

1.0 

i.b 

100.0 

838 

Kingston  

22.5 

25.8 

13.1 

14.4 

5.0 

6.8 

6.5 

4.1 

1.8 

100.0 

553 

Mt.  Vernon.  .  . 

40.4 

22.0 

9.9 

9.7 

2.7 

5.2 

"".2 

7.4 

2.2 

'".3 

100.0 

857 

Newburgh  .... 

38.9 

31.1 

10.1 

4.1 

1.6 

4.8 

.5 

4.1 

2.5 

"i'.s 

.5 

100.0 

700 

New  Rochelle. 

40.8 

19.5 

7.4 

10  7 

2  5 

16.6 

2.5 

100  0 

760 

Niagara  Falls.. 

47.8 

18.2 

2.1 

8.1 

8.1 

8.9 

"i!i 

'  'i'.7 

2.9 

1.1 

100.0 

1,147 

Oswego  

35.1 

21.6 

8.8 

12.1 

1.9 

5.4 

.7 

10.0 

2.1 

'i'.3 

1.0 

100.0 

546 

Poughkeepaie.  . 

37.2 

21.1 

9.1 

9.1 

2.7 

5.0 

.9 

7.5 

3.7 

2.S 

.8 

100.0 

698 

Rochester 

35.6 

21.3 

9.3 

9.5 

3.9 

5.2 

1.3 

9.1 

3.8 

.5 

100.0 

6,322 

Schenectady  .  .  . 

26.6 

24.8 

9.4 

12.5 

5.2 

7.8 

1.1 

6.4 

4.2 

2.0 

100.0 

1,821 

Syracuse 

39  0 

23  1 

9  9 

8  6 

2.2 

6.0 

.2 

9.3 

1.7 

100  0 

3,874 

Troy  

41.0 

17.1 

8.2 

10.0 

4.0 

5.0 

1.2 

8.2 

3.6 

.9 

.8 

100.0 

1,658 

Utica  

40.0 

21.5 

9.9 

9.4 

1.9 

5.5 



8.3 

3.0 

r. 

100.0 

2,241 

Watertown.... 

53.6 

22.2 

6.4 

5.8 

1.2 

4.0 

•  2 

3.8 

2.8 



100.0 

669 

Yonkers  

48.6 

22.5 

5.0 

9.0 

4.0 

10.5 

.2 



.2 

100.0 

2,241 

New  York  

39.0 

17.6 

8.0 

10.4 

3.4 

6.6 

.7 

9.5 

3.2 

1.0 

.5 

100.0 

124,795 

TABLE  No.  19-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia 

48  1 

21  3 

4  8 

7  4 

5  8 

9  0 

2  1 

1.5 

100  0 

268 

Beacon  

35.4 

19.9 

11.0 

8.6 

2.5 

6.4 

.9 

7.5 

6.4 

1.4 

100  ;o 

271 

Canandaigua.  . 

33.4 

18.2 

10.0 

12.7 

1.8 

5.9 

1.8 

10.0 

3.1 

3.1 

100.0 

116 

Cohoes  

37.4 

19.5 

7.9 

10.2 

2.5 

6.7 

.4 

8.8 

4.8 

1.4 

"  A 

100.0 

561 

Corning  

34.4 

17.4 

9.3 

12.8 

2.6 

6.0 

10.6 

5.6 

1.3 

100.0 

322 

Cortland  

40.2 

19.0 

9.7 

13.0 

3.7 

1.0 

11.7 

1.7 

100.0 

235 

Dunkirk  

46.3 

17.7 

2.5 

12.6 

8.  7 

7.7 

1.7 

2.0 

.2 

"'.& 

100.0 

414 

Fulton  

42.9 

22.8 

7.6 

11.6 

I'.S 

2.8 

1.2 

7.2 

.7 

'".7 

.7 

100.0 

262 

Geneva  

37.8 

19.8 

8.5 

8.5 

1.6 

8.9 

9.4 

3.7 

.6 

1.2 

100.0 

252 

Glen  Cove  

25.3 

15.0 

11.6 

13.2 

4.7 

7.2 

14.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

100.0 

252 

Glens  Falls.... 

26.5 

25.4 

19.0 

8.5 

3.9 

6.2 

4.5 

3.3 

2.7 

100.0 

322 

Gloversville  .  .  . 

36.8 

20.8 

7.7 

10.9 

4.1 

6.4 

g 

7.3 

2.7 

2.7 

100.0 

536 

Hornell  

31.5 

19.3 

10.3 

12.6 

4.9 

5.2 

2;i 

10.3 

3.0 

.8 

100.0 

319 

Hudson. 

40  2 

25.6 

8.5 

4.3 

1.1 

2.3 

1  7 

8  4 

3  7 

4.2 

100  0 

247 

Ithaca  

44.6 

20.1 

6.5 

10.2 

3.7 

4.2 

.8 

4.8 

3.7 

1.4 

ioo;o 

243 

Johnstown  .... 

40.5 

20.2 

6.7 

7.4 

1.6 

7.4 

7.4 

6.0 

2.8 

100.0 

242 

Lacka  wanna 

38  8 

24  3 

4  0 

13  0 

10.8 

6  1 

3  0 

100  0 

412 

Little  Falls..'!; 

34.7 

26.7 

5.2 

13.1 

6.5 

5.9 

7.2 

.7 

100  ;o 

282 

Lockport  

54.1 

16.8 

1.7 

6.7 

"5.^ 

8.0 

'  '2.5 

.7 

2.5 

1.1 

100.0 

422 

Mechanicville  . 

46.3 

16.0 

6.8 

13.1 

5.8 



9.2 

2.8 

100.0 

179 

Middletown... 

43.2 

19.5 

8.5 

8.1 

4.2 

5.7 

1.2 

4.2 

3.8 

1.6 

100.0 

415 

No.Tonawanda 

47.8 

21.2 

3.2 

8.9 

8.0 

7.6 

.9 



1.5 

"9 

100.0 

338 

Norwich  

36.8 

12.6 

17.0 

11.4 

1.5 

4.8 



7  0 

4.8 

2.6 

1.5 

100  0 

153 

Ogdensburg  .  .  . 
Olean  

46.8 
49.2 

16.8 
15.2 

5.6 
2.2 

8.9 
8.2 

8.2 
11.2 

"".4 

7;e 

3.7 

2.7 

2.4 

100.0 
100.0 

325 
425 

Oneida  

39.2 

24.8 

8.0 

8.8 

.8 

4.8 

9.6 

4.0 

100.0 

24f 

Oneonta  

38.7 

20.6 

9.9 

9.2 

2.9 

9.2 

2'.5 

6.3 

.7 

100.0 

243 

Plattsburg  .... 

38.0 

31.6 

5.8 

13.4 

3.3 

4.6 



3.3 

100.0 

205 

Port  Jervis  .... 

46.9 

17.9 

5.6 

8.0 



9.2 

'i6;5 

1.9 

;  ;  ;  ;  ; 

100.0 

211 

Rensselaer  .... 

44.3 

10.6 

6.9 

15.3 



5.9 

13.2 

3.8 

100.0 

209 

318 


CUE  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

THE  LENGTH  OF  TIME  ON  PKESENT  JOB 
TABLE  No.  19-B  —  CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded) 


CITIES 

3 
mos. 

6 
mos. 

9 
mos. 

12 
mos. 

15 
mos. 

18 
mos. 

21 
mos. 

2 
yrs. 

3 

yrs. 

4 
yrs. 

5 

or 
more 
yrs. 

Total 
per 
cent 

Popu- 
lation 
of  em- 
ployed 
boys 

Rome  

36.5 
45  1 

20.4 
18  4 

13.3 
1  i 

11.2 

8  4 

1  8 
7  1 

4.5 
11  8 

.7 
3  7 

8.3 

1.8 
4  4 



1.5 

100.0 
100  0 

528 
189 

Saratoga  Spgs 

50  5 

10  5 

4  1 

11  6 

5.2 

ii.6 

4.1 

100.0 

289 

Tonawanda  .  .  . 
Watervliet 

43.2 
41  2 

19.7 
16  1 

1.8 
9  2 

9.9 
9  8 

9  9 
1  6 

8.6 
5  4 

1.8 

3.1 
10  0 

1.0 
5  7 

i  6 

1.0 

100.0 
100  0 

230 
393 

White  Plains  .  . 

43.3 

25  3 

6.4 

7.3 

2.8 

10.5 

2.0 

2.4 

100.0 

457 

TABLE  No.   19-C  —  VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


VILLAGES 
Albion  
Catskill  

46.1 
56.6 
42.6 
41.2 
53.3 

43.9 
48.2 
34.0 
28.1 
37.3 

44.0 
53.5 
36.4 
40.3 
39.5 

34.6 
38.2 
39.1 
53.9 
55.0 

51.0 
46.7 
46.4 
51.2 
43.6 

55.0 
33.5 
38.2 
36.2 
36.8 

28.3 
35.9 
50.9 
41.8 
30.5 

20.4 
35.4 
47.7 
52.8 
54.6 

53.0 

20.1 
10.6 
30.7 
18.3 
26.7 

16.5 
15.2 
23.8 
13.3 

22.8 

6.7 
17.9 
19.3 
•  26.6 
21.5 

28.7 
20.7 
15.1 
12.9 
13.1 

8.6 
13.3 
21.4 
13.9 
25.2 

15.0 
28.2 
26.0 
20.8 
27.8 

15.4 
17.3 
7.9 
17.8 
26.9 

14.7 
22.0 
18.5 
25.4 
15.1 

20.2 

5.0 
3.0 
5.6 
1.4 

5.9 
4.3 
5.1 
6.1 
13.7 

"5'.6 
13.4 
10.9 
8.2 

3.3 
13.1 
13.6 
3.9 

2.8 

3.9 
6.5 
5.8 
3.5 
6.0 

"8.6 
6.4 
9.2 
4.0 

6.4 
11.7 
9.8 
10.7 
14.6 

11.8 
7.5 
3.9 
3.6 
3.8 

2.8 

13.7 
10.6 
11.4 
14.1 
8.6 

9.1 
9.8 
15.4 
25.7 
12.0 

13.3 
7.6 
12.5 
10.6 
12.8 

7.8 
3.1 
6.9 
5.9 
11.1 

12.2 
9.2 
5.0 
12.9 
6.0 

10.0 
4.7 
8.9 
16.9 
4.9 

16.4 
15.4 
5.8 
7.9 

8.5 

14.7 

8.7 
7.2 
3.6 
12.9 

11.4 

20  1 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

165 

96 
148 
164 
95 

204 
155 
120 
140 
249 

120 
108 
62 
215 
153 

134 

28 
163 
153 
111 

128 
136 
90 
72 
217 

72 
107 

292 
72 

388 

56 
137 
100 
147 
157 

85 
144 
68 
115 
73 

118 

4.1 
2.7 
5.0 

"2'.8 
2.2 

"2.9 

10.7 
1.5 
3.3 
2.9 
4.1 

12.2 
3.1 
3.8 
2.8 

5.0 
4.1 
2.7 
3.7 

3.8 

5.7 
8.8 
3.6 
2.9 

"2.6 
1.5 
2.9 
1.7 

7.8 
5.6 
6.9 
6.9 
7.0 

18  1 

7.8 

2.2 
4.1 

2.2 

Endicott  
Fredonia  

Freeport  
Hastings  
Haverstraw  .  .  . 
Hempstead  
Herkimer  

Hoosick  Falls.. 
Hudson  Falls.  . 
Huntington  .  .  . 
Ilion  



12.2 

1.9 

1.3 

"1'.3 

1.7 

12.2 
12.5 
9  7 

6.9 
1.5 
1  0 

"!e 

17.3 

23.2 
3.3 

4.0 
8.7 
7.9 
3.6 
9.3 

.9 
10.6 
6.1 
6.9 
5.0 

"i'.e 

Y.9 
2.7 

"3.1 
3.9 

1.3 

"2'.4 

2.6 
3.3 
2.2 
2.9 

4.7 
5.6 
5.4 
2.9 
6.0 

6  2 

Johnson  City.  . 

Lancaster  
Lawrence  
Malone  

Mamaroneck.  . 

Massena 

Medina  
Newark 

2.2 
1.9 
1.1 
3.5 

'5l7 
2.9 

3.7 
14.3 
8.1 
15.7 

10.0 
8.0 
16.4 

13.4 

5.0 
1  9 

"3.3 

No.  Tarrytown 
Nyack 

7.6 

2.3 

Owego....  
Patchogue.  .  .  . 
Peekskill  
Penn  Yan  
Port  Chester.. 

Port  Washing- 

10.0 
5.7 

"4'.7 



"i'.5 
1.2 

16  9 

3.0 

3.9 
4.3 

"sie 

6.1 

3.3 
1.9 
1.6 

i!s 

20.5 

11.6 
4.3 

.6 

3.9 
2.5 

14.1 
4.3 
5  8 

.9 

.6 

.9 

Rockville  Ctr. 
garanac  Lake.  . 
Seneca  Falls.  .  . 
Solvay  

Tarrytown  
Walden  
Water!  ord  
Waverlv  
Wellsville  

Whitehall  

4.3 
14.0 

58 

8.0 
6.1 

31.8 
3.0 
9.5 
5.5 
10.6 

4  5 

8.0 
4.9 

"2  A 
3  3 

2.2 





9.8 
6.1 
3  6 

8.7 
3.9 
5  5 

3.6 
1.6 



1  5 

8.1 

OUR  BOYS 


319 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

WHY  BOYS  LIKED  THEIR  JOBS 
TABLE  No.  20-A  —  CITIES  OVER  25,000 


CITIES 

Learn 
a 
trade 

Easy 

Clean 

Good 
wages 

Ad- 
vance- 
ment 

Inter- 
esting 

Mis- 
cella- 
neous 

Don't 
like 
it 

Total 
per 
cent 

Popu- 
lation 
of  em- 
ployed 

boys 

Albany  

6.5 

10.9 

1.4 

10.8 

12.9 

39.1 

8.0 

10.4 

100.0 

2,542 

Amsterdam  .... 

3.8 

22.4 

4.4 

12.2 

5.6 

19.2 

19.8 

12.6 

100.0 

810 

Auburn  

6.8 

11.4 

1.9 

14.7 

7.3 

18.5 

28.2 

11.2 

100.0 

829 

Binghamton  .  .  . 

3.6 

15.5 

2.9 

17.3 

4.7 

13.1 

31.2 

11.7 

100.0 

1,356 

Buffalo  

5.0 

34.8 

1.3 

9.1 

11.5 

25.3 

1.4 

11.6 

100.0 

11,257 

Elmira  

6.0 

7.6 

2.8 

9.1 

4.2 

11.6 

46.0 

12.7 

100.0 

971 

Jamestown  .... 

1.8 

17.8 

13.7 

4.7 

5.4 

41.3 

3.0 

12.3 

100.0 

838 

Kingston  

5.5 

16.2 

.5 

17.1 

4.2 

35.5 

9.9 

11.1 

100.0 

553 

Mt.  Vernon.... 

9.4 

25.5 

2.3 

8.2 

13.9 

26.9 

.4 

13.4 

100.0 

857 

Newburgh  

7.7 

10.3 

1.4 

26.3 

6.9 

35.6 

2.9 

8.9 

100.0 

700 

New  Rochelle  .  . 

.5 

20.3 

.2 

4.3 

15.7 

43.8 

4.3 

10.9 

100.0 

760 

Niagara  Falls  .  . 

6.1 

30.2 

.6 

12.9 

10.8 

26.5 

1.0 

11.9 

100.0 

1,147 

Oswego  

10.4 

18.6 

1.7 

23.6 

... 

34.6 

1.4 

9.7 

100.0 

546 

Poughkeepsie  .  . 
Rochester  

17.6 
8.3 

20.3 
9.9 

.7 
2.5 

9.5 
9.0 

6.2 
8.1 

36.3 
24.5 

1.9 
29.6 

7.5 

8.1 

100.0 
100.0 

698 
6,322 

Schenectady  .  .  . 

6.5 

9.7 

.6 

7.8 

9.5 

48.2 

2.3 

14.9 

100.0 

1,821 

Syracuse  .... 

14.8 

13.2 

4.2 

18.6 

42.4 

.4 

6.4 

100.0 

3,874 

Troy  .  .  . 

6.3 

16  7 

20 

18  8 

9.8 

11  9 

26  8 

77 

100  0 

1,658 

Utica  

12.7 

15.1 

1.6 

20.5 

.1 

43.1 

.6 

6.3 

100.0 

2,241 

Watertown  .... 

7.2 

26.2 

3.4 

16.0 

40.4 

.2 

6.6 

100.0 

669 

Yonkers  

1.0 

25.3 

1.4 

9.6 

15.5 

30.3 

.6 

16.3 

100.0 

2,241 

New  York 

7.0 

20.2 

1.3 

6.7 

19.7 

26.8 

7.3 

11.0 

100.0 

124.795 

TABLE  No.  20-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia 

5  3 

11.3 

1.0 

16.6 

6.9 

43.4 

1.0 

14.5 

100.0 

268 

Beacon 

3.3 

15  5 

1   i 

8  3 

11  7 

30  1 

20  0 

10  0 

100  0 

271 

Canandaigua.  .  . 

2.7 

19^2 

5.5 

19i2 

1.4 

13.7 

3l!5 

6.8 

ioo!o 

119 

Cohoes 

5.5 

12.3 

3  7 

25  8 

3  5 

9  5 

30  2 

9  5 

100  0 

561 

Corning  

4.3 

10.7 

I'.O 

81.8 

4lo 

io!s 

23^4 

15.0 

100.0 

322 

Cortland  

8.0 

19.4 

1.3 

18.6 

37.3 

.7 

14.7 

100.0 

235 

Dunkirk  

4.3 

28.2 

.8 

21.6 

'   6.4 

30.9 

7.8 

100.0 

414 

Fulton        

10.8 

22.1 

1  5 

21.1 

29.4 

.5 

14.6 

100.0 

262 

Geneva  

3  9 

18  4 

2.6 

12  9 

50 

12  9 

41  7 

2  6 

100  0 

252 

Glen  Cove  

3.4 

32.5 

6.0 

I0l2 

19> 

!9 

27^3 

100  '.0 

252 

Glens  Falls  .... 

1.7 

15.6 

1.1 

11.0 

9.3 

47.4 

2.3 

11.6 

100.0 

322 

Gloversville  

2.7 

18.8 

.7 

15.4 

5.9 

28.2 

17.2 

11.1 

100.0 

536 

Hornell  

12.2 

9.5 

3.6 

16.6 

4.5 

19.4 

25.2 

9.0 

100.0 

319 

Hudson  

4.2 

16.5 

1.2 

11.0 

6.1 

34.8 

14.6 

11.6 

100.0 

247 

Ithaca  

8.9 

12.2 

5.0 

16.7 

47.2 

10.0 

100.0 

243 

Johnstown  

.6 

15.9 

22.3 

3.2 

38.2 

10.9 

8.9 

100.0 

242 

Lackawanna.  .  . 

12.3 

9.5 

"9'.5 

10.8 

4.9 

42.1 

1.8 

9.1 

100.0 

412 

Little  Falls  .... 

9.8 

28.1 

3.5 

26.8 

27.4 

4.6 

100.0 

282 

Lockport  

2.5 

28.1 

1.7 

13.4 

"9'.7 

32.4 

'Y.5 

9.7 

100.0 

422 

Mechanicville  .  . 

6.8 

16.4 

20.8 

1.9 

3.8 

2.9 

35.8 

11.6 

100.0 

179 

Middletown.  .  .  . 

3.8 

18.6 

2.7 

9.5 

5.7 

10.6 

36.6 

12.5 

100.0 

415 

No.  Tonawanda 

2.6 

55.0 

.7 

8.8 

6.7 

17.0 

0.4 

8.8 

100.0 

338 

Norwich  

4.4 

9.9 

1.1 

11.0 

1.1 

23.1 

39.5 

9.9 

100.0 

153 

Ogdensburg.  ..  . 

2.6 

22.2 

1.3 

8.5 

5.2 

36.6 

4.0 

19.6 

100.0 

325 

Olean  

5.1 

16.7 

1.0 

16.1 

6.3 

47.1 

7.7 

100.0 

425 

Oneida  

4.8 

24.0 

29.6 

33.6 

2.4 

5.6 

100.0 

244 

Oneonta.  .  . 

9  4 

9  4 

27.5 

23.7 

35  0 

6 

14  4 

100  0 

243 

Plattsburg  

1.9 

22.6 

.6 

14.4 

"7'.5 

42'.3 

'.6 

ioli 

100  !o 

205 

Port  Jervis  .... 

1.9 

13.0 

29.6 

7.4 

8.0 

31.4 

8.7 

100.0 

211 

Rensselaer  

5.3 

4.2 

28.4 

20.5 

7.4 

24.7 

9.5 

100.0 

209 

320 


Ous  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

WHY  BOYS  LIKED  THEIR  JOBS 
TABLE  No.  20-B  —  CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded) 


Popu- 

CITIES 

Learn 
a 
trade 

Easy 

Clean 

Good 
wages 

Ad- 
vance- 
ment 

Inter- 
esting 

Mis- 
cella- 
neous 

Don't 
like 
it 

Total 
per 
cent 

lation 
of  em- 
ployed 

boys 

Rome  

12.2 

14.6 

.8 

26.7 

38.1 

7.6 

100.0 

528 

Salamanca.  .  . 

6  0 

22  0 

2  7 

16.7 

'  's'7 

36  6 

7  3 

100  0 

180 

Saratoga  Spgs.  . 

3.5 

5.8 

6.4 

1.2 

6.9 

11.6 

'52^5 

12il 

100  .'o 

289 

Tonawanda.  .  .  . 

3.7 

22.8 

9.3 

6.2 

43.8 

1.2 

13.0 

100.0 

230 

Water  vliet  

9.7 

8.6 

'18.3 

2.7 

21.2 

31.4 

8.1 

100.0 

393 

White  Plains... 

33.2 

2.0 

11.2 

8.4 

30.8 

2.4 

12.0 

100.0 

457 

TABLE  No.  20-C  —  VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


VILLAGES 
Albion  
Catskill  
Depew  

3.2 

4.2 
5.5 

51.6 
11.1 
34.9 

'i2;5 

3.2 
'32a 

6.5 
4.2 
1.8 

12.9 
6.9 
17.4 

'48'.6 

22.6 
12.5 
8.3 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

165 
96 
148 

Endicott  
Fredonia 

1.9 
2  4 

8.9 
43  4 

3.3 

24.2 
30  1 

4.7 
1  2 

12.6 
16  9 

31.3 

13.1 
6  0 

100.0 
100  0 

164 
gg 

Freeport  
Hastings 

1.1 
1  3 

11.6 
17  8 

i  i 

6.3 

2  8 

21.1 
17  8 

32.6 

27  4 

14.7 
20  5 

12.6 
11  0 

100.0 
100  0 

204 
155 

Haverstraw.  .  .  . 
Hempstead  .... 
Herkimer 

1.0 
70 

28.0 
53.7 
22  0 

22.0 

'   27 

"2  A 
25  8 

9.0 

2.4 

10.0 
12.2 
33  3 

18.0 
5 

12.0 
29.3 
8  7 

100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

120 
140 

949 

Hoosick  Falls  .  . 
Hudson  Falls.  . 
Huntington.  .  .  . 
Ilion 

6.7 
6.0 
10.1 
4  4 

13.3 

7.1 
37.6 
16  7 

32.0 
34.7 
1.9 
3  3 

1.3 

"7.3 
24.2 

5.3 
8.2 
8.3 

5.3 
11.2 
21.1 
41  6 

28.0 
16.4 

1.8 

8.1 
16.4 
11.9 
9  8 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

120 

108 
62 

215 

Johnson  City 

6  4 

12  8 

1  2 

31  9 

41  3 

6  4 

100  0 

1^3 

Lancaster  
Lawrence  
Malone  
Mamaroneck.  .  . 
Massena  

Medina  

4.5 
5.0 
3.0 
2.0 
9.2 

1  2 

21.6 
65.0 
17.1 
2.0 
7.1 

48.2 

1.5 
'    1.5 
'is!*) 
2.4 

15.7 
7.5 
11.2 
14.0 

8.2 

7.5 
2.5 
3.0 
6.0 
1.0 

1.2 

44.7 
10.0 
29.1 
17.0 

21.2 

1.5 

io.5 

40.0 
29.6 

3.0 
10.0 

24.6 
19.0 
9.2 

17.6 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

134 
28 

163 
153 
111 

128 

Newark  
No.  Tarry  town. 
Nyack  

8.3 
'i7-6 

23.7 
40.6 

8.8 

'    .8 
5.5 

8.3 
5.5 

2.8 
14.9 

8.8 

13.9 
21.9 
6.5 

31.9 
'44i6 

11.1 
16.3 

8.8 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

136 
90 

72 

Ossining  

Patchogue.  .  . 
Peekskill 

.6 

10.0 
7.5 

g 

17.1 

20.0 
40.5 
26  8 

3.2 

5.0 
2.1 
3  3 

6.3 

20.0 
2.1 
19.7 

20.2 

"6:4 

5.0 

43.1 

40.0 
29.8 
31.8 

'  i.i 

2  1 

9.5 

5.0 
10.5 
10  5 

100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

217 

72 
107 
292 

Penn  Yan  
Port  Chester.  .  . 

Port    Washing- 
ton   
Rockville  Ctr.  . 
Saranac  Lake  .  . 
Seneca  Falls  .  .  . 
Solvay 

7.7 
1.0 

1.3 
1.9 
2.0 

8.4 
7  3 

19.3 
28.8 

2.6 
22.2 
14.3 
11.3 
23  2 

7.7 
2.6 

"3!7 
10.2 
1.4 
1  2 

11.5 
11.7 

17.9 
3.7 

"9!8 
11.0 

"9!7 

2.6 
24.1 

"lA 

3.8 
36.8 

34.6 
29.6 
6.1 
24.0 
53.6 

38.5 
2.3 

11.5 

'3Q.8 
32.4 

11.5 
7.1 

29.5 
14.8 
30.6 
11.3 

3  7 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100  0 

72 

388 

56 
137 
100 
147 
157 

Tarry  town  
Walden  
Waterford  
Waverly  
Wellsville  

Whitehall  

"?'.8 
3.4 
10.9 
4.5 

4.3 

22.9 
26.7 
18.0 
1.8 
24.7 

1.7 

2.9 
1.1 
4.5 
3.6 
1.1 

45.7 

"8.9 
5.6 
31.0 
19.1 

11.4 
3.3 
3.4 

'Y.3 
8.6 

48.6 
35.6 
24.7 
45.5 
36.0 

1.7 

5.7 
5.5 
34.8 

24.2 

8.5 
11.1 
5.6 
7.2 
11.3 

13.8 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 

85 
144 
68 
115 
73 

118 

OUR  BOYS 


321 


Albany 

Amsterdam . , 

Auburn 

Binghamton . 
Buffalo 


Elmira 

Jamestown . 
Kingston. . . 
Mt.  Vernon. 
Newburgh.. 


New  Rochelle. 
Niagara  Falls. 

Oswego 

Poughkeepsie . 
Rochester .  .  . 


Schenectady. 
Syracuse 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown.  . 

Yonkers. . . 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PERCENT  FILLING  OUT  APPLICATION  BLANK 

TABLE  No.  21-A  —  CITIES  OVER  25,000 
CITIES 


New  York. 


32.9 
12.2 
37.5 
14.9 
41.8 

13.8 
26.7 
8.8 
32.0 
34.9 


34.5 
30.8 
20.3 
44.2 

63.0 
35.8 
22.9 
29.7 


28.2 
32.9 


12.6 
2.0 
3.5 

13.4 


6.8 
1.7 
8.2 
2.7 

8.2 
3.1 
2.9 
4.7 
6.7 

3.7 

5.2 
5.9 
5.2 
3.8 

8.1 
12.6 


54.5 

100.0 

2,542 

85.8 

100.0 

810 

59.0 

100.0 

829 

71.7 

100.0 

1,356 

54.3 

100.0 

11,257 

49.6 

100.0 

971 

66.5 

100.0 

838 

89.5 

100.0 

553 

59.8 

100.0 

857 

62.4 

100.0 

700 

64.7 

100.0 

760 

62.4 

100.0 

1,147 

66.3 

100.0 

546 

75.0 

100.0 

698 

49.1 

100.0 

6,322 

33.3 

100.0 

1,821 

59.0 

100.0 

3,874 

71.2 

100.0 

1,658 

65.1 

100.0 

2,241 

47.6 

100.0 

669 

63.7 

100.0 

2,241 

54.5 

100.0 

124,795 

Batavia 

Beacon 

Canandaigua . 

Cohoes 

Corning 


Cortland. . . 
Dunkirk.  .  . 

Fulton 

Geneva. . . . 
Glen  Cove.. 

Glens  Falls. 
Gloversville . 
Hornell.... 
Hudson. . . . 
Ithaca . . . 


Johnstown.  .  . 
Lacka wanna. . 
Little  Falls... 

Lockport 

Mechanicville . 


Middletown.  . . . 
No.  Tonawanda. 

Norwich 

Ogdensburg.  .  .  . 
Olean 


TABLE  No.  21-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 

26.3  0.5 

15.1  3.9 
17.9 


19.6 
65.4 

6.0 
60.1 
10.3 
41.7 

7.7 

13.9 
5.8 
50.9 
20.7 
26.1 

6.4 
46.2 
12.5 
24.8 
30.4 

30.4 

33.0 

7.7 

7.2 

50.5 


1.5 
0.3 

6.0 
1.3 
1.5 
3.3 
3.4 


3.1 
0.5 

1.8 
2.8 

2.5 
3.1 
2.0 
4.2 
1.0 

2.7 
3.1 
12.1 
2.6 
3.2 


73.2 

100.0 

81.0 

100.0 

79.2 

100.0 

78.9 

100.0 

34.3 

100.0 

88.0 

100.0 

38.6 

100.0 

88.2 

100.0 

55.0 

100.0 

88.9 

100.0 

79.2 

100.0 

91.1 

100.0 

48.6 

100.0 

77.5 

100.0 

71.1 

100.0 

91.1 

100.0 

50.7 

100.0 

85.5 

100.0 

71.0 

100.0 

68.6 

100.0 

66.9 

100.0 

63.9 

100.0 

80.2 

100.0 

90.2 

100.0 

46.3 

100.0 

269 
278 
111 
561 
322 

235 
414 
262 
252 
252 


536 
319 
247 
243 

242 
412 
282 
422 
179 

415 
338 
153 
325 
425 


11 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

PERCENT  FILLING  OUT  APPLICATION  BLANK 

TABLE  No.  21-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000  —  (Concluded) 


CITIES 

Filled 
out 
appli- 
cation 

Gave 
references 

Did 

neither 

Total 
per 
cent 

Popu- 
lation of 
employed 
boys 

Oneida  .  .  . 

36  0 

4  8 

59  2 

100  0 

244 

Oneonta 

51  0 

49  0 

100  0 

243 

Plattsburg 

20  8 

3  8 

75  4 

100  0 

205 

Port  Jervis  

42.0 

58  0 

100  0 

211 

Rensselaer  

35.3 

1  6 

63  1 

100  0 

209 

Rome 

44  3 

2  2 

53  5 

100  0 

528 

Salamanca  

59.3 

40  7 

100  0 

189 

Saratoga  Springs 

14  5 

85  5 

100  0 

289 

Tonawanda 

24  7 

1  2 

74  1 

100  0 

230 

Watervliet    ... 

40  6 

1  8 

57  6 

100  0 

393 

White  Plains  .  . 

32.0 

3.6 

64.4 

100.0 

457 

TABLE 
VILLAGES 


No.  21-C  — VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


Albion 

Catskill  

16.7 

Depew  

38  5 

Endicott 

21  0 

Fredonia  

59  1 

Freeport 

36  9 

Hastings  
Haverstraw  .  . 

26.0 
19  0 

Hempstead  

2.4 

Herkimer  
Hoosick  Falls  

39.7 
4.2 

Hudson  Falls  
Huntington 

6.1 
22  0 

Ilion  

84.6 

Johnson  City 

26  7 

Lancaster  

44.0 

Lawrence       .                .... 

20  0 

Malone  

13.6 

Mamaroneck  

34.0 
2  1 

Medina     

8  2 

15  3 

No.  Tarrytown  

26.5 

Nyack                     

30  8 

Ossining  

40.0 

Owego                

25  0 

17  1 

Peekskill       

26.8 

Penn  Yan  
Port  Chester 

3.8 
31  8 

Port  Washington  
Rockville  Center 

7.7 
46  3 

Saranac  Lake  

Seneca  Falls                      

46  5 

Solvay 

50  0 

Tarrytown            

42  9 

Walden 

16  7 

Waterford  

16.9 

47.2 

Wellsville 

39  4 

Whitehall                      

39.6 

3.2 
1.4 

13.6 
6.0 

7.4 
9.6 
1.0 

i2'.4 


4.6 
1.1 
3.5 

3.7 
7.5 
2.9 
6.0 


1.2 
6.9 
3.1 

1.2 
10.0 


5.8 
3.8 


46.5 


11.4 
5.6 
2.2 
1.8 
2.2 


96. ! 
81.9 
61.5 
65.4 
34.9 

55.7 
64.4 
80.0 
97.6 
47.9 

95.8 
93.9 
73.4 
14.3 
69.8 

52.3 
72.5 
83.5 
60.0 
97.9 

90.6 
77.8 
70.4 
69.2 
58.8 

65.0 
82.9 
71.9 
96.2 
62.4 

88.5 

53.7 

100.0 

7.0 

50.0 

45.7 
77.7 
80.9 
51.0 
58.4 

60.4 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 


OUR  BOYS 


323 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

How  THEY  SAVED  THEIR  MONEY 
TABLE  No.  22-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


CITIES 

Liberty 
bonds 

Bank 

Other 
ways 

Did 

not  save 

Total 
per 
cent 

Popu- 
lation of 
employed 
boys 

Albany.                                .    . 

47  2 

10  8 

7.8 

34.2 

100  0 

2  542 

Amsterdam  

42,8 

22.4 

3.2 

31.6 

100.0 

810 

Auburn  

50  8 

19  6 

7.9 

21.7 

100  0 

829 

Binghamton 

53  5 

15  8 

7  8 

22  9 

100  0 

1  356 

Buffalo  

52.2 

18.3 

3.8 

25.7 

100.0 

11,257 

Elmira 

58  0 

15  9 

2  9 

23  2 

100  0 

971 

Jamestown  
Kingston 

53.2 
47  0 

23.0 
16  5 

4.6 
1  9 

19.2 
34  6 

100.0 
100  0 

8S8 
553 

Mt.  Vernon  

43.8 

17.9 

3.7 

34.6 

100.0 

857 

Newburgh  

New  Rochelle  
Niagara  Falls 

49.9 

48.6 
42  0 

22.0 

21.5 
28  3 

1.3 

5.0 

2  7 

26.8 

24.9 
27.0 

100.0 

100.0 
100  0 

700 

760 
1,147 

Oswego.  . 

53  2 

20  7 

5  9 

20  2 

100  0 

546 

Poughkeepsie  
Rochester.  .  .  . 

48.7 
54  7 

18.0 
21  1 

6.5 
1  9 

26.8 
22  3 

100.0 
100  0 

698 
6  322 

Schenectady  

51.0 

19  3 

1  6 

28  1 

100  0 

1,821 

Syracuse  

44  9 

23  9 

6  4 

24  8 

100  0 

3  874 

Troy. 

39  3 

22  8 

2  4 

35  5 

100  0 

1  658 

Utica 

50  1 

30  8 

2  i 

17  0 

100  0 

2  241 

Watertown 

51  4 

20  2 

10  0 

18  4 

100  o 

669 

Yonkers  .    . 

48  2 

16  3 

3  4 

32  1 

100  0 

2  241 

New  York  .  . 

46.7 

9.8 

4.3 

39.2 

100.0 

124.795 

TABLE  No.  22-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia  

36  4 

30  6 

5  8 

27  2 

100  0 

268 

Beacon  

61  6 

14  4 

1.2 

22.8 

100.0 

271 

Canandaigua  
Cohoes  

47.8 
42.0 

31.5 
20.0 

6.8 
1.5 

13.9 
36.5 

100.0 
100.0 

119 
561 

Corning  

60  7 

19  0 

4.0 

16  3 

100  0 

322 

Cortland  

40  5 

43  5 

2  0 

14  0 

100  0 

235 

Dunkirk.  . 

64  6 

14  3 

4  6 

16  5 

100  0 

.   414 

Fulton  

33  4 

20  6 

10  8 

35  2 

100  0 

262 

Geneva  
Glen  Cove 

49.4 
41  9 

21.7 
18  8 

13.9 
2  6 

15.0 

36  7 

100.0 
100  0 

252 
252 

Glens  Falls 

43  8 

26  6 

1  8 

27  8 

100  0 

322 

Gloversville  
Hornell... 

46.0 
54  0 

30.9 
17  6 

1.6 
9  5 

21.5 
18  9 

100.0 
100  0 

536 
319 

Hudson  
Ithaca  

44.5 
37  7 

28.1 
28  9 

56 

27.4 
27  8 

100.0 
100  0 

247 
243 

Johnstown  

64.3 

16.6 

4.4 

14.7 

100  0 

242 

Lackawanna  
Little  Falls 

57.5 
71  9 

11.3 
10  4 

7.2 

1  4 

24.0 
16  3 

100.0 
100  0 

412 

282 

Lockport  
Mechanicville  

Middletown 

67.2 
50.8 

57  7 

18.6 
14.0 

17  9 

1.2 
12.0 

2  7 

13.0 
23.2 

21  7 

100.0 
100.0 

100  0 

422 
179 

415 

No.  Tonawanda  
Norwich  .  . 

71.1 
42  9 

12.7 
24  2 

1.4 

2  2 

14.8 
30  7 

100.0 
100  0 

338 
153 

Ogdensburg  

23.0 

32.6 

9.9 

34  5 

100  0 

325 

Olean  
Oneida 

48.0 
60  8 

28.8 
18  4 

3.0 

4  8 

20.2 
16  0 

100.0 
100  0 

425 
244 

Oneonta  

51.8 

26.8 

3  9 

17  5 

100  0 

243 

Plattsburg  
Port  Jervis  .... 

42.7 
58  1 

22.0 
13  6 

10.8 
5  5 

24.5 
22  8 

100.0 
100  0 

205 
211 

Rensselaer.  .  . 

53.7 

14.2 

7.9 

24.2 

100.0 

209 

324 


OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and1  Eighteen  Year' Old"' Employed[Boys 

How  THEY  SAVED  THEIR  MONEY 
TABLE  No.  22-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000—  (Concluded] 


CITIES 

Liberty 
bonds 

Bank 

Other 
|    ways 

Did 

not  save 

Total 
per 
cent 

Popu- 
lation of 
employed 
boys 

Rome  
Salamanca                           .  .  . 

66.1 
81  3 

17.3 

10  0 

2.9 
2  0 

13.7 
6  7 

100.0 
100  0 

528 
1  cq 

Saratoga  Springs  

36  4 

20  2 

7  6 

35  8 

100  0 

289 

Tonawanda     

61  7 

13  6 

4  4 

20  3 

100  0 

230 

Watervliet                           .    . 

52  9 

11  5 

3  7 

31  9 

100  0 

qno 

White  Plains.  .  . 

36.0 

32.8 

3.6 

27  fi 

inn  n 

457 

TABLE  No.  22-C  —  VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


VILLAGES 

Albion  

38  7 

12  9 

48  4 

100  0 

165 

Catskill. 

15  3 

29  1 

23  7 

31  9 

100  0 

96 

Depew  

57  9 

15.6 

1  8 

24  7 

100  0 

148 

Endicott.  .  .  . 

55  6 

13  1 

4  3 

27  0 

100  0 

164 

Fredonia 

48  2 

24  1 

8  4 

19  3 

100  0 

95 

Freeport.  .  . 

41  7 

19  4 

11  1 

27  8 

100  0 

204 

Hastings 

57  5 

13  7 

28  8 

100  0 

155 

Haverstraw  

25  0 

9  0 

8  0 

58  0 

100  0 

120 

Hempstead 

17  1 

17  1 

34  1 

31  7 

100  0 

140 

Herkimer  

57.1 

19.3 

5  9 

17  7 

100  0 

249 

Hoosick  Falls 

72  0 

9  3 

2  7 

16  0 

100  0 

120 

Hudson  Falls  
Huntington 

41.9 
35  7 

24.4 
28  5 

9.2 
11  0 

24.5 
24  8 

100.0 
100  0 

108 
62 

Ilion 

57  7 

25  8 

2  2 

14  3 

100  0 

215 

Johnson  City  

71.6 

16.2 

.6 

11  6 

100  0 

153 

Lancaster 

74  0 

10  4 

7 

14  9 

100  0 

134 

Lawrence  

Malone 

30.0 
32  0 

5.0 
19.4 

12.5 
7  4 

52.5 
41  2 

100.0 
100  0 

28 
163 

Mamaroneck  

43.0 

19.0 

15.0 

23.0 

100.0 

153 

Massena  ...              

22.5 

11.2 

3.1 

63.2 

100  0 

111 

31  7 

20  0 

4  7 

43  6 

100  0 

128 

Newark  

44.4 

18.0 

22.3 

15.3 

100.0 

136 

No  Tarrytown              .    . 

39  9 

19.5 

3.1 

37  5 

100  0 

90 

Nyack 

51  6 

14  3 

9  9 

24  2 

100  0 

72 

Ossining                    

49.4 

14.6 

.6 

35.4 

100.0 

217 

Owego  
Patchogue            

50.0 

42.5 

20.0 
21.3 

10.0 
10.6 

20.0 
25.6 

100.0 
100.0 

72 
107 

Peekskill                          ...    . 

56  9 

20.9 

2.1 

20  1 

100  0 

292 

Penn  Yan 

50  0 

23  0 

11  5 

15  5 

100  0 

72 

Port  Chester          

63.1 

11.4 

2.6 

22.9 

100.0 

388 

Port  Washington  
Eockville  Center 

17.9 
53  7 

35.9 

22  2 

10.3 
11  1 

35.9 
13  0 

100.0 
100  0 

56 
137 

Saranac  Lake  

12.3 
28  2 

18.4 
26  8 

18.4 
16  9 

50.9 
28  1 

100.0 
100  0 

100 
147 

Solvay            

64.7 

17.0 

3.7 

14.6 

100.0 

157 

(- 

60  0 

11.4 

28  6 

100.0 

85 

Walden 

51  1 

25  6 

23  3 

100  0 

144 

Waterford          

60.7 

11.2 

3.4 

24.7 

100.0 

68 

52  7 

27.3 

3  6 

16  4 

100.0 

115 

Wellsville 

65  2 

16  9 

2  2 

15  7 

100  0 

73 

Whitehall                        

48.2 

15.5 

6.1 

30.2 

100.0 

118 

OUB  BOYS 


325 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

WEEKLY  CONTRIBUTIONS  TOWARD  FAMILY  SUPPORT 
TABLE  No.  23-A  — CITIES  OVER  25,000 


CITIES 

$1 

$2 

$3 

$4 

$5 

$6 

$7 

$8 

$9 

$10- 
15 

$15 

Noth- 

Total 
per 
cent 

Popu- 
lation 
of  em- 
ployed 
boys 

Albany  
Amsterdam  
Auburn  
Binghamton  
Buffalo 

.2 
.4 
.2 
.1 

.4 
.6 
.2 
.9 
.2 

.4 
.5 
.6 
.2 

9 

1.3 
1.2 
1.9 
1.6 
.4 

1.8 
1.2 
1.1 
.6 
.5 

1   P 

2.0 
1.6 
2.6 
2.4 
.5 

2.4 
2.4 

l!9 
1.3 

7 

8.0 
6.0 
14.7 
13.1 
3.1 

13.7 
17.4 
7.2 
5.8 
7.2 

6  5 

8.0 
4.4 
8.6 
9.2 
2.2 

9.2 
7.5 
6.8 
2.9 
6.8 

3  9 

8.8 
6.2 
10.4 
7.9 
3.2 

10.9 
5.1 

5'.6 

8.4 

5  1 

9.3 
5.4 
6.9 
6.3 
4.4 

6.8 
4.1 
6.4 
11.6 
9.0 

P  ? 

3.3 
1.0 

2.8 
1.6 
1.8 

3.0 
.5 
4.2 
5.2 
3.1 

?  P 

33.9 
56.0 
25.6 
26.6 
48.4 

23.7 
43.1 
37.7 
44.4 
38.7 

43.3 

9.5 
6.2 
11.2 
13.0 
24.2 

12.3 
2.5 

1<)!4 
12.5 

5  6 

15.3 
11.0 
14.9 
18.3 
11.6 

15.8 
15.7 
16.5 
11.2 
12.1 

19.8 
14.7 
11.6 
15.1 
11.1 

19.8 
10.6 
11.6 
10.5 
23.0 

12.7 
10.5 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

2,542 
6810 
^829 
1,356 
11,257 

971 

838 
553 
857 
700 

760 
1,147 
546 
698 
6,322 

1,821 
3,874 
1,658 
2,241 
669 

2,241 
124,795 

Elmira.. 

Kingston  
Mt.  Vernon  
Newburgh  

New  Rochelle  

.2 
.2 

Niagara  Falls  
Oswego 

.1 

.2 

.2 
.6 
2.3 

.8 

2.0 
.4 
.6 
.4 

1.3 
2.3 
2.1 
1.9 

2.1 
1.8 
2.3 

4.8 
10.5 
13.0 
5.5 

9.3 

8.2 

7.7 

2.2 
8.1 
9.8 
6.5 

6.8 
5.2 
6.3 

6.3 
11.8 
11.1 
8.0 

7.4 
8.2 
8.1 

7.7 
5.8 
9.0 
6.6 

6.7 
8.6 
11.4 
8  6 

1.9 
3.4 
2.3 

2.7 

2.3 
2.4 
5.1 
2  1 

33.6 
32.0 
29.5 
34.1 

36.3 
35.8 
29.3 
34  6 

27.0 
13.9 
4.8 
22.2 

6.4 
18.2 
16.7 
24.3 
7.4 

10.0 
22.4 

Poughkeepsie  

1.0 

.4 

.5 
.6 
.5 
.6 

Rochester 

.2 
.4 

Schenectady  
Syracuse 

Troy 

.4 
.4 

Utica         .... 

Watertown 

.2 

.6 
.3 
.3 

2.2 
.5 
.4 

4.2 

.7 
.7 

15.8 
3.3 
3.7 

8.4 
2.1 
2.9 

16.0 
4.3 
3.9 

7.0 
6.0 
6.6 

1.6 
4.5 
4.0 

13.6 
55.6 
44.5 

Yonkers  

New  York  

.1 

TABLE  No.  23-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000 


Batavia  

.6 

.5 

2.7 

i'.i 

.2 
.3 

4.6 
.2 
1.0 
2.0 
.9 

4.6 
6.3 

2.7 
.6 
4.4 

7.6 

16.6 
5.0 
19.2 
2.8 
13.4 

22.5 
3.8 
12.7 
13.9 
1.7 

15.0 
23.1 
17.1 
6.1 
19.7 

23.6 
4 

8.61 
6.1 
13.7 
2.3 
10.0 

13.9 
4.4 
14.2 
10.8 
3.4 

8.7 
12.6 
7.7 
10.4 
13.1 

13.4 
3   3 

8.6 
6.1 
8.2 
7.9 
12.0 

6.0 
4.9 
15.7 
7.2 
5.1 

10.4 

8.8 
12.6 
12.2 
12.0 

4. 
1 

8.0 
10.5 
5.5 
5.3 
6.0 

4.6 

7.8 
7.3 
8.3 
6.8 

9.8 
6.6 
8.5 
11.0 
5.5 

5.1 

2  3 

1.6 
5.0 
2.7 
3.0 
.6 

2.0 
1.1 
2.0 
4.1 
4.3 

4.0 
3.1 

3.i 
1.6 

1.3 

29.4 
47.2 
9.6 
37.2 
23.4 

6.6 
43.3 
16.7 
19.6 
29.1 

28.4 
16.8 
14.4 
31.1 
11.5 

24.1 
23.1 
39.9 
34.0 
24.1 

11.0 
52.0 
15.4 
14.4 
32.4 

17.6 
21.9 
19.5 
29.0 
?1   6 

8.0 
7.8 
13.7 
36.2 
15.0 

8.0 
26.5 
6.4 
12.9 
11.1 

'.3 
14.4 
6.1 
5.5 

.6 

59.3 
8. 
4. 
45. 

10. 
19. 
3., 

2l! 

11. 
15.0 

16  '.i 
25.7 

Beacon   

Canandaigua  
Cohoes 

2 

1.4 

5.5 

Corning  

Cortland  
Dunkirk  

2.0 

.3 

1.3 
.2 
1.0 

.6 

2.0 
.2 

.5 

Fulton  
Geneva 

.5 

Glen  Cove  
Glens  Falls  

1.2 

.7 

i!s 

1.6 

2.6 

2.9 
4.2 
.5 
1.2 
3.8 

4.5 

Hornell  

.5 
16.4 
1.1 

Hudson           

Ithaca 

Johnstown  

Little  Falls  
Lockport..  

i'4 

.7 
.8 

.7 
2.1 
5 

7. 
10. 
3 

10.5 
8.0 

9. 
13. 
6. 

8. 
2. 
9. 
11. 

7. 

13.6 
11.9 
13.8 
8.0 
6  3 

10.5 
12.2 
^5.0 

7.6 
5.2 
8.8 
5.2 
8.3 

6.4 
6.3 
6.9 
6.2 
8  9 

2.6 
1.3 
1.4 

2.7 
2.2 
1.1 
1.3 
1.3 

4.0 
.6 
1.3 
1.2 
3  ? 

Middletown  
No  Tonawanda  .... 

.4 

1.5 
9 

3.4 

3.0 
.9 
7.7 
9.1 
1.0 

2.4 
1.2 
1.9 
1.9 
3  2 

13. 
5. 
16. 
11. 
8. 

19. 
7. 
16.4 
13.6 
fi  8 

11.4 
2.6 
16.5 
13.1 
6.0 

9.6 
7.5 
13.8 
11.1 
7  9 

1.1 
3.3 

I 

1.6 

"l.2 
1    1 

2.2 
3.3 
.8 

.8 
.6 
2.5 
.6 
1   6 

Ogdensburg  

Olean  

.6 

Oneida  
Oneonta  
Plattsburg  
Port  Jervis  
Rensselaer.  .  .      .  .  • 

16.0 

100.0 

268 

11.7 

100.0 

271 

16.4 

100.0 

119 

4.9 

100.0 

561 

18.4 

100.0 

322 

26.5 

100.0 

235 

7.6 

100.0 

414 

22.0 

100.0 

262 

21.2 

100.0 

252 

35.0 

100.0 

252 

15.0 

100.0 

322 

17.5 

100.0 

536 

21.1 

100.0 

319 

100.0 

247 

'26!2 

100.0 

243 

15.3 

100.0 

242 

12.3 

100.0 

412 

9.1 

100.0 

282 

13.9 

100.0 

422 

12.6 

100.0 

179 

25.9 

100.0 

415 

9.6 

100.0 

338 

17.5 

100.0 

153 

26.8 

100.0 

325 

12.5 

100.0 

425 

13.6 

100.0 

244 

26.3 

100.0 

243 

23.9 

100.0 

205 

10.5 

100.0 

211 

13.7 

100.0 

209 

OUR  BOYS 


Sixteen,  Seventeen  and  Eighteen  Year  Old  Employed  Boys 

WEEKLY  CONTRIBUTIONS  TOWARD  FAMILY  SUPPORT 
TABLE  No.  23-B  — CITIES  UNDER  25,000—  (Concluded) 


Popu- 

CITIES 

$1 

$2 

$3 

$4 

$5 

$6 

$7 

$8 

«9 

$10- 
15 

$15 

Noth- 
ing 

Total 
per 
cent 

lation 
of  em- 
ployed 

boys 

6 

g 

2  0 

10  0 

9  1 

12  0 

6  7 

2  3 

25  2 

20  8 

10  5 

100  0 

328 

Salamanca  

1   3 

7 

6  0 

6.0 

4  0 

5  3 

?,  7 

40  7 

20  6 

12  7 

100  0 

189 

Saratoga  Springs 

6 

1  7 

4  6 

14  5 

8  1 

12  1 

7  5 

1  7 

13  3 

12  1 

23  8 

100  0 

289 

Tonawanda  

6 

6 

5  6 

3  1 

6  ?, 

4  9 

6 

47  5 

17  Q 

13.0 

100  0 

230 

Watervliet  

.3 

.3 

.9 

5.6 

4.7 

5.0 

5.6 

2.2 

32.9 

33.5 

9.0 

100.0 

393 

White  Plains  .  . 

1,2 

1.2 

3.6 

8.4 

6.8 

4.8 

6.0 

2  0 

41.2 

4,8 

20.0 

100.0 

457 

TABLE  No.  23-C  —  VILLAGES  OVER  5,000 


VILLAGES 
Albion 

3.2 

3.2 
4.2 

28 

9.7 
16.7 

21  6 

3.2 

9.7 

84 

3.2 
18.0 
2.8 
9  8 

3.2 
8.3 
2.8 
5  1 

'4!2 
1.8 
1  4 

25.8 
12.5 
28.4 
21  0 

9.7 
9.7 
58.7 
5  6 

Catskill  
Depew.  . 

14 

2.8 
.9 
1  9 

6 

4.8 

13.7 
1.3 

o's 

1.2 
10.1 

'i'.s 

7  3 

3.6 

11.6 
1.3 
1.8 

?,  4 

3.6 

8.5 
4.1 
1.8 
12  ?, 

2.1 
4.1 

36.2 

17.9 
45.2 
17.9 
31.7 
25.2 

25.3 
18.3 
28  4 

37.3 

5.3 
28.8 
66.4 
4.9 
18.8 

10.7 
3.1 
12  8 

Freeport  

'i'.s 

1.1 
1.3 

'?'4 

1.1 
1.3 

4'9 

Hastings  
Haverstraw  
Hempstead  

'i!6 

Herkimer  .... 

1.1 

.5 

3.8 

Y.i 

1  8 

11.3 

14.7 
14.3 
5  5 

10.8 

5.3 
15.3 
2  8 

10.8 

25.3 
12.2 
9  2 

6.5 

8.1 
11.2 
11  0 

2.1 

5.3 
4.1 
4  6 

Hoosick  Falls  

Hudson  Falls  

.9 

9 

9 

Illion  
Johnson  City  

".6 

.7 

i.7 

.7 

1.4 
2.3 

.7 
2.5 
6.7 

.4 
5.8 

2.2 

'4'.5 
1.0 
2.0 

2.4 
2.8 

4'.4 
1.2 

10.0 
5.3 
1.7 
19.3 
1.3 

1.3 
3.7 

15.2 
20.4 

5.2 
7.5 
15.7 
9.0 

8.2 

17.6 
22.2 
11.7 
15.9 
12.0 

10.0 
9.6 
5.9 
19.3 
2.8 

10.3 
14.6 
8  2 

5.8 
10.5 

3.7 
5.0 
4.5 
3.0 
3.1 

5.9 

9.7 
1.6 
12.4 
4.4 

15.0 
6.4 
7.9 
11.5 
5.5 

6.4 
3.7 
8  2 

8.3 
7.6 

9.7 
7.5 
5.2 
7.0 
5.1 

9.4 
8.3 
3.9 
14.2 
8.4 

5.0 
5.3 
6.7 

7.7 
7.5 

5.1 
5.6 
10  2 

6.2 
6.4 

5.2 
10.0 
4.5 
14.0 
9.2 

5.9 
2.8 
9.4 
3.5 
15.3 

3.2 
10.5 
3.8 
9.4 

12.8 
7.4 
2  0 

!e 

.7 
2.5 
3.0 
4.0 
3.1 

1.2 
1.4 
.8 
5.3 
1.3 

Y.4 
2.1 

'3.6 

2.6 
1.9 

17.0 
8.7 

41.9 
10.0 
16.4 
26.0 
14.3 

30.5 
25.0 
46.1 
18.6 
30.4 

30.0 
24.5 
42.6 
7.7 
49.5 

23.1 
9.3 
10.2 
18.5 
35.4 

51.4 
12.3 
41.5 
30.9 
10.1 

19.8 

3.6 
14.5 

21.7 
20.0 

19  '.6 
15.3 

3.5 
9.7 
10.9 
6.2 
5.0 

10.6 
9.6 

'e'.s 

12.8 
5.6 
6.1 
7.1 
26.8 

5.7 

2i!4 

18.2 
19.8 

Lancaster      

Lawrence 

Maniaroneck  

Massena  

1.0 
1.4 

2.0 

2.4 

'i'.e 

.9 
.6 

5.0 
3.2 
1.3 

7.7 
.3 

y.3 

4  1 

Medina  
Newark  

No.  Tarrytown.  .  .  . 
Nyack 

'  "q 

Ossining    

Owego 

3.2 
.4 
11.5 

Peekskill  
Penn  Yan 

.8 

Port  Chester  

Port  Washington.  .  . 
Rockville  Center 

.3 

Seneca  Falls  
Solvay 

1.4 

i.2 
i.i 
Ti 

1.4 
1.2 

2.8 
3.3 
1.1 
1.8 
3.3 

2.6 

15.5 
9.8 

5.7 
17.8 
4.5 
12.7 
30.4 

10.4 

5.6 
4.9 

5.7 
21.1 
4.4 
20.1 
3.3 

7.8 

25.4 
3.7 

8.5 
21.1 
4.5 
3.6 
14.6 

6.7 

12.7 
6.1 

5.7 
4.4 
12.4 
1.8 
1.1 

5.2 

2.8 
3.7 

"3'.3 
1.1 

.9 

Tarrytown  
Walden  
Waterford  
Waverly  
Wells  ville 

i  i 

i.i 

i.i 

Whitehall 

.9 

3.4 

38.8 

100.0 

13.9 

100.0 

4.6 

100.0 

21.0 

100.0 

13.3 

100.0 

28.6 

100.0 

12.6 

100.0 

7.5 

100.0 

24.4 

100.0 

9.1 

100.0 

5.3 

100.0 

19.4 

100.0 

21.2 

100.0 

41.0 

100.0 

20.9 

100.0 

7.6 

100.0 

35.0 

100.0 

39.5 

100.0 

17.0 

100.0 

36.7 

100.0 

21.2 

100.0 

16.7 

100.0 

14.0 

100.0 

17.7 

100.0 

21.4 

100.0 

25.0 

100.0 

21.3 

100.0 

10.5 

100.0 

11.5 

100.0 

13.0 

100.0 

25.6 

100.0 

38.9 

100.0 

51.0 

100.0 

9.6 

100.0 

7.2 

100.0 

14.5 

100.0 

14.5 

100.0 

9.0 

100.0 

10.9 

100.0 

33.9 

100.0 

22.5 

100.0 

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VITA 

The  author  of  this  dissertation,  Howard  Griffith 
Burdge,  was  born  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  October  13, 
1873.  He  received  his  early  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  the  Bloomsburg,  Pa., 
State  Normal  School.  He  was  graduated  from 
Alleghany  College  in  1900,  receiving  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Arts.  He  was  a  student  at  Columbia 
University  summer  sessions  in  1910,  1915,  and  1919; 
the  winter  and  spring  sessions  of  1919-1920-1921. 
He  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  from 
Columbia  University  in  1920.  He  served  as  an 
instructor  in  the  Bloomsburg,  Pa.,  State  Normal 
School  and  in  Alleghany  College,  Meadville,  Pa.,  also 
as  teacher,  principal  and  superintendent  respectively 
in  the  public  schools  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York. 
He  served  on  the  special  educational  survey  staff  of 
the-  New  York  Bureau  of  Municipal  Research,  and 
acted  in  the  same  capacity  for  the  New  York  State 
Education  Department.  In  the  World  War  he 
served  as  the  Chief  Educational  Adviser  of  the  Second 
Army,  A.  E.  F.,  with  headquarters  at  Toul,  France. 
He  was  Director  of  Research  and  Vocational  Training 
for  the  New  York  State  Military  Training  Commis- 
sion for  three  years.  In  1921  he  became  an  assistant 
director  of  the  Educational  Finance  Inquiry,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  American  Council  on  Education. 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  5O  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.OO  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


NOV     9    1933 


NOV?7    t933 

. 

uti.    /w. 

HFC,  3  1? 

41  J 

AUG  29    1944 

JAN   25  \'}\i 

Sff»26l$$ 

I 

L  1  1  1986 

Cmwui.ATfC^  Ofc 

LD21-100m-7,'33 

YU 


., 


/>    ft    fr  vtj       , 

4b5744 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CAUFORNIA  UBRARY 


